针对全空子数据体的GPU体绘制

目的 体绘制是3维数据可视化的主要方法之一。用于体绘制的数据体中包含有大量的空体素,导致光线投射算法进行没有意义的重采样计算,必然降低绘制算法效率。针对全空子数据体体绘制低效问题,提出基于GPU体高效绘制方法。方法 利用八叉树数据结构组织数据,有效管理包含许多空体素的子数据体。通过绘制八叉树非全空叶子节点子数据体表面,使光线投射算法中起始和终止重采样位置更接近数据体中的可视部分,同时根据八叉树全空节点子数据体判定纹理查询结果,计算合适的跳跃步长,快速跳过八叉树中全空节点子数据体。结果 当数据体中空体素较多时,确定合适的八叉树深度,有效地跳过数据体中的空体素,减少体绘制运算量,实现对原基于体包围盒表面绘制的GPU光线投射算法的加速。结论 设计不透明度函数,凸显数据体中层位面,并将算法成功应用于地震数据可视化,取得很好应用效果。     

基于线性八叉树的快速直接体绘制算法

提出了基于线性八叉树的加速体绘制算法.利用线性八叉树对物体进行空间剖分,光线投射法跨越体数据集中的空体素,以提高绘制的速度.针对光线穿越体数据时的特殊情况,改进线性八叉树邻域查找的方法,特别是不同尺寸的邻域查找方法,克服了层次八叉树邻域查找的低效率,同时提出了光线离开平面的简洁判定方法,方便光线下一个采样点的计算.实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高绘制的速度.     

一种高效的光线投射体绘制算法

作为体绘制中的一个经典绘制算法,光线投射算法理论简单同时能产生高质量的图像,被广泛应用于医学图像可视化领域。但在绘制过程中有大量的投射光线和体素的重采样,导致绘制速度较为缓慢。为提高绘制的速度,文中提出一种高效的光线投射体绘制算法,通过引入碰撞检测技术减少投射光线的数目,避免冗余光线的采样计算,同时采用光线跳跃方法在碰撞检测包围盒内跳过对空体素的重采样,加快了光线合成的过程。实验结果表明,改进后的算法不仅能保证所需要的图像质量,还能大幅度地减少采样计算的时间,高效地提高绘制速度。     

基于GPU的三维地震数据场体绘制方法

体绘制技术是计算可视化研究和应用热点之一。在对三维数据体进行形式化定义基础上,讨论光线投射算法中数据体划分,重采样计算以及图像合成的原理和方法。利用着色器进行重采样和图像合成运算,实现体绘制的GPU加速。将GPU加速的光线投射体绘制方法应用于地震数据解释,分别实现地震数据的灰度和伪彩色样式可视化,并通过转换函数,凸显出地震数据场的层位特征,克服了地震数据剖面、切片以及三维面绘制图像的局限性。     

基于CUDA海量空间数据实时体绘制研究

针对海量空间科学数据的精细及实时三维绘制需求,提出并实现了一种基于CUDA语言的并行化光线投射体绘制加速算法,利用传统体绘制算法中光线投射法的可并行特点和GPU中高速的纹理查询的优点,通过一个实际坐标到纹理坐标的转换函数实现了对不规则采样数据的准确采样,并完成了绘制算法的CUDA并行化改造,通过CUDA语言利用GPU强大的并行计算能力实现了对海量空间数据的实时三维光线投射绘制.     

基于图形处理器加速光线投射算法的多功能体绘制技术

为克服传统算法中体绘制交互速度不流畅、重建耗时长、绘制效果单一的不足,实现了基于图形处理器(GPU)的光线投射算法用于医学层析图像实时体绘制,并能快速切换不同组织器官的绘制效果。首先,读入医学层析图像到计算机内存,构造体素;然后,设置相应体素属性(如插值方式、着色处理、光照参数)等,设计显示不同组织器官的颜色及不透明度传输函数;最后,GPU加载体素据并进行光线投射算法的计算。实验结果表明,在绘制速度上,GPU加速光线投射算法实现的多功能体绘制技术的绘制速度能达到每秒40帧以上,完全满足临床应用需求。在绘制质量上,用户交互中由于重采样而产生的锯齿现象明显低于CPU端实现的光线投射算法,GPU端与CPU端绘制时间的加速比在9倍左右。     

基于图形处理器加速光线投射算法的多功能体绘制技术

为克服传统算法中体绘制交互速度不流畅、重建耗时长、绘制效果单一的不足,实现了基于图形处理器(GPU)的光线投射算法用于医学层析图像实时体绘制,并能快速切换不同组织器官的绘制效果。首先,读入医学层析图像到计算机内存,构造体素;然后,设置相应体素属性(如插值方式、着色处理、光照参数)等,设计显示不同组织器官的颜色及不透明度传输函数;最后,GPU加载体素据并进行光线投射算法的计算。实验结果表明,在绘制速度上,GPU加速光线投射算法实现的多功能体绘制技术的绘制速度能达到每秒40帧以上,完全满足临床应用需求。在绘制质量上,用户交互中由于重采样而产生的锯齿现象明显低于CPU端实现的光线投射算法,GPU端与CPU端绘制时间的加速比在9倍左右。     

空间跳跃加速的GPU光线投射算法

光线投射算法是一种应用广泛的体绘制基本算法,能产生高质量的图像,但是时间复杂度较高。实现了一种基于图形处理器的单步光线投射算法,并在此基础上提出了一种基于空间跳跃技术的光线投射算法,以实现加速。采用八叉树组织体数据,利用空间跳跃有效地剔除体数据中对重建图像无贡献的部分,降低了硬件的负载。一个片段程序即可完成光线方向的生成、光线投射、空体素跳跃和光线终止等。实验结果表明,该算法对于内部包含大量空体素的体数据重建能起到明显的加速作用。     

3D非均匀直线网格GPU体绘制方法研究

计算机图形硬件技术的快速发展可以用来加速可视化过程,为此针对非均匀直线网格,给出了基于均匀辅助网格的CPU光线投射算法、基于辅助纹理的GPU光线投射算法,以及基于切片的3D纹理体绘制算法,并在Nvidia Geforce 6800GT图形卡上对这些算法进行了测试。结果表明,GPU算法远远快于CPU算法,而基于切片的3D纹理体绘制算法则快于GPU光线投射算法。     

海量数据GPU体绘制优化研究

高性能GPU使得体绘制在廉价的硬件上获得良好的性能,但海量数据体绘制的效率依旧低下.本文探讨了GPU体绘制中图形硬件的瓶颈,并提出新颖的算法解决这些问题:采用数据分块和八叉树划分体数据实现空单元跳过优化.该算法解决了海量数据超过可用纹理空间的难题,同时允许实时改变体绘制传递函数.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.