针对全空子数据体的GPU体绘制方法

体绘制是三维数据可视化的主要方法之一。用于体绘制的数据体中包含有大量的空体素,导致光线投射算法进行没有意义的重采样计算,必然降低绘制算法效率。针对全空子数据体体绘制低效问题,本文提出基于GPU体高效绘制方法。利用八叉树数据结构组织数据,有效管理包含许多空体素的子数据体。通过绘制八叉树非全空叶子结点子数据体表面,使光线投射算法中起始和终止重采样位置更接近数据体中的可视部分,同时根据八叉树全空结点子数据体判定纹理查询结果,计算合适的跳跃步长,快速跳过八叉树中全空结点子数据体,减少无效重采样点。当数据体中空体素较多时,实现对原基于体包围盒表面绘制的GPU光线投射算法的加速。设计不透明度函数,凸显数据体中层位面,并将算法成功应用于地震数据可视化,取得很好应用效果。     

基于GPU的实时光线投射算法

介绍了一种基于GPU（可编程图形处理单元）的快速实时光线投射算法。为满足大规模体数据集的绘制要求,利用当前GPU的新特性,直接将体数据作为纹理载入显存,采用预积分分类方法在GPU中对体数据进行重采样和分类,避免了计算机主内存与GPU纹理内存之间数据交换的瓶颈问题;利用硬件支持的三维纹理和片元着色器,实时计算每个体素的梯度,实现高质量的光照,保证高质量的图像绘制效果。实验结果表明该方法在医学三维数据场可视化中,能够实时、高效地生成高质量的交互式体可视化图像。     

针对全空子数据体的GPU体绘制

目的 体绘制是3维数据可视化的主要方法之一。用于体绘制的数据体中包含有大量的空体素,导致光线投射算法进行没有意义的重采样计算,必然降低绘制算法效率。针对全空子数据体体绘制低效问题,提出基于GPU体高效绘制方法。方法 利用八叉树数据结构组织数据,有效管理包含许多空体素的子数据体。通过绘制八叉树非全空叶子节点子数据体表面,使光线投射算法中起始和终止重采样位置更接近数据体中的可视部分,同时根据八叉树全空节点子数据体判定纹理查询结果,计算合适的跳跃步长,快速跳过八叉树中全空节点子数据体。结果 当数据体中空体素较多时,确定合适的八叉树深度,有效地跳过数据体中的空体素,减少体绘制运算量,实现对原基于体包围盒表面绘制的GPU光线投射算法的加速。结论 设计不透明度函数,凸显数据体中层位面,并将算法成功应用于地震数据可视化,取得很好应用效果。     

视点相关的层次采样:一种硬件加速体光线投射算法

光线投射是一种高质量的体绘制方法.它以图像空间为序,逐根光线遍历和采样体数据.因此,传统上,它只能在CPU上实现,因而速度慢,交互性不好.提出了一个新的视点相关的层次采样VDLS (view dependent layer sampling)结构,VDLS将光线上的所有采样点重新组织成一系列层,并简化为两个视点相关的几何缓冲器,进而在GPU(graphics processing unit)中用两个动态纹理表示.利用GPU的可编程性,光线投射算法的6个步骤(光线生成、光线遍历、插值、分类、着色和颜色合成)得以完全在GPU中实现.在此基础上,提出两个基于体空间和图像空间连贯性的加速技巧,快速剔除无效的光线.结合其他与渲染和颜色合成有关的技巧,VDLS将面向多边形绘制的图形引擎转化为体光线投射算法引擎,在透视投影方式下,每秒能处理1.5亿个插值、后分类与着色的光线采样点.实验结果表明,提出的方法能用于医学可视化、真实物理现象模拟、材质检测中灰度体数据快速交互的可视化与漫游.     

基于CUDA海量空间数据实时体绘制研究

针对海量空间科学数据的精细及实时三维绘制需求,提出并实现了一种基于CUDA语言的并行化光线投射体绘制加速算法,利用传统体绘制算法中光线投射法的可并行特点和GPU中高速的纹理查询的优点,通过一个实际坐标到纹理坐标的转换函数实现了对不规则采样数据的准确采样,并完成了绘制算法的CUDA并行化改造,通过CUDA语言利用GPU强大的并行计算能力实现了对海量空间数据的实时三维光线投射绘制.     

光线投射算法中重采样的设计和实现

体绘制技术在医学成像和科学可视化领域有着极为广泛的应用，但由于其巨大的计算开销，限制了其实时动态体绘制的应用，因此许多研究人员致力于静态体绘制加速算法的研究，为了提高体绘制速度。分析了三维规则数据场重采样的原理。光线投射算法中对3D数据场重采样的实现方法；根据具体重建对象，提出了在3D数据场重采样中采用球形包围盒的方法，给出了人体头部和眼球的三维可视化结果，实验表明：这种算法能有效地减少重采样的计算量，并使求交计算更加简单。     

一种高效的光线投射体绘制算法

作为体绘制中的一个经典绘制算法,光线投射算法理论简单同时能产生高质量的图像,被广泛应用于医学图像可视化领域。但在绘制过程中有大量的投射光线和体素的重采样,导致绘制速度较为缓慢。为提高绘制的速度,文中提出一种高效的光线投射体绘制算法,通过引入碰撞检测技术减少投射光线的数目,避免冗余光线的采样计算,同时采用光线跳跃方法在碰撞检测包围盒内跳过对空体素的重采样,加快了光线合成的过程。实验结果表明,改进后的算法不仅能保证所需要的图像质量,还能大幅度地减少采样计算的时间,高效地提高绘制速度。     

基于图形处理器加速光线投射算法的多功能体绘制技术

为克服传统算法中体绘制交互速度不流畅、重建耗时长、绘制效果单一的不足,实现了基于图形处理器(GPU)的光线投射算法用于医学层析图像实时体绘制,并能快速切换不同组织器官的绘制效果。首先,读入医学层析图像到计算机内存,构造体素;然后,设置相应体素属性(如插值方式、着色处理、光照参数)等,设计显示不同组织器官的颜色及不透明度传输函数;最后,GPU加载体素据并进行光线投射算法的计算。实验结果表明,在绘制速度上,GPU加速光线投射算法实现的多功能体绘制技术的绘制速度能达到每秒40帧以上,完全满足临床应用需求。在绘制质量上,用户交互中由于重采样而产生的锯齿现象明显低于CPU端实现的光线投射算法,GPU端与CPU端绘制时间的加速比在9倍左右。     

基于图形处理器加速光线投射算法的多功能体绘制技术

为克服传统算法中体绘制交互速度不流畅、重建耗时长、绘制效果单一的不足,实现了基于图形处理器(GPU)的光线投射算法用于医学层析图像实时体绘制,并能快速切换不同组织器官的绘制效果。首先,读入医学层析图像到计算机内存,构造体素;然后,设置相应体素属性(如插值方式、着色处理、光照参数)等,设计显示不同组织器官的颜色及不透明度传输函数;最后,GPU加载体素据并进行光线投射算法的计算。实验结果表明,在绘制速度上,GPU加速光线投射算法实现的多功能体绘制技术的绘制速度能达到每秒40帧以上,完全满足临床应用需求。在绘制质量上,用户交互中由于重采样而产生的锯齿现象明显低于CPU端实现的光线投射算法,GPU端与CPU端绘制时间的加速比在9倍左右。     

高质量的三维纹理硬件体绘制

与光线投射法相比,传统的3D纹理体绘制算法通常难以产生高质量的图像。为了增强渲染图像的真实感与质量,在基于GPU（Graphics Processing Unit）的三维纹理体绘制过程中以交互的速率实现了体阴影效果,并考虑现实图像合成中的可视化感知,提出将基于GPU的高动态范围色调映射技术应用到体绘制得到的结果图片中。最后对一些体数据集进行绘制,实验表明这些技术较好地解决了传统纹理绘制方法的缺点,提高了图像的质量。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate