铝蜂窝夹芯结构的数字成像检测研究

蜂窝夹芯结构常见缺陷有蒙皮与蜂窝芯脱粘、蜂窝芯变形、蜂窝芯节点开裂和蜂窝积水等,目前单一的无损检测方法还不能有效地解决蜂窝夹芯结构中的各种缺陷检测问题。针对铝蜂窝夹芯结构,首先制作了6种典型人工缺陷,利用射线DR(Digital Radiography)和计算机射线照相(Computed Radiography,CR)技术对夹杂、蜂窝芯变形、蜂窝芯格断裂、富胶等缺陷进行了数字射线成像检测,得到了高质量的缺陷数字检测图像,并进行了对比分析。针对蜂窝积水检测问题,采用射线DR技术进行了数字成像检测研究,表明积水量大小会影响图像灰度。对含有人工脱粘缺陷的铝蜂窝夹芯结构件,采用脉冲反射法对其粘接质量进行了超声C扫描成像检测研究,通过底波幅值成像得到了脱粘缺陷的超声C扫描数字图像。结果表明:数字射线成像和超声C扫描成像结合为蜂窝夹芯结构提供了一种数字化的无损检测方法。     

基于数字散斑相关法的蜂窝板拉伸力学性能测试

作为金属热防护系统的重要组成部分,金属蜂窝夹芯板的性能和结构可靠性关系到使用寿命。本研究采用数字散斑相关技术和时间序列散斑检测技术,对蜂窝夹芯板共面拉伸性能进行试验研究,测得共面拉伸弹性模量,与利用等刚度法计算得到的蜂窝夹芯板的等效弹性模量进行对比,结果吻合较好,验证了数字散斑相关技术的有效性和实用性。     

红外热像检测技术应用于蜂窝结构复合材料的检测能力评价

通过对人工缺陷样件进行设计和试验,研究了红外热像技术对玻璃纤维蒙皮、纸蜂窝夹层结构件的检测能力。通过试验得出了以下结论：闪光灯激励的红外热像检测技术目前可以检测出玻璃纤维蒙皮内部埋深2mm、直径6mm和直径10mm的分层缺陷。对于玻璃纤维蒙皮厚度为1mm的蜂窝夹芯结构件,应用红外热像检测技术可以检测出蒙皮与蜂窝芯间直径为6mm的脱粘缺陷。对于玻璃纤维蒙皮厚度为2mm的蜂窝夹芯结构件,应用红外热像检fjn4技术可以检测出蒙皮与蜂窝芯间直径为10mm的脱粘缺陷。     

Fatigue studies of polyurethane sandwich structures

The fatigue characteristics of polyurethane foam-cored (PUF) composite sandwich structures were investigated using three-point bending tests carried out according to ASTM C 393. Three types of specimens (epoxy/glass-PUF-epoxy/glass, polyester/glass-PUF-polyester/glass, and epoxy/glass-PUF-polyester/glass) were considered for investigation. Experimental results indicate that degradation of stiffness occurs due to debonding and sliding between the skin and the foam during fatigue cycles. Epoxy/glass-PUF-epoxy/glass sandwich structures exhibit higher bending strength along with higher stiffness degradation than the other two types of sandwich panels, due to higher initial fatigue loading. The lowest fatigue properties have been obtained for the polyester/glass-PUF-polyester/glass sandwich panel specimens. Better performance of the epoxy/glass-PUF-epoxy/glass sandwich panels is most likely due to the superior properties of the outer thin skins. Most of the specimens fail within the foam region and not at the skin level. This situation is possibly due to debonding between the foam and the skin. The fatigue damage development in the foam and skin has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy.     

复合蛋盒型夹层结构动态压缩的力学性能研究

蛋盒型结构是一种新型的周期性单胞轻质结构,该结构具有低密度、高比强度和吸能能力强等特性。本文通过有限元法建立了平面蛋盒型夹芯板与曲面蛋盒型夹心板的落锤冲击模型,对比分析了其抗冲击特性,并且对不同条件下的蛋盒型结构的动态压缩力学性能进行对比分析。结果表明：受到冲击时的夹芯板会经历三个阶段,其中压缩阶段为主要的吸能阶段,通过将冲击动能转变为夹芯板的塑性耗散能来达到缓冲吸能的目的,同时这些特性依赖于成型高度以及上下面板厚度等结构参数,单胞结构成型高度为6mm、单胞周期为20mm、上下面板板厚为0.5mm、曲率半径为400mm时,复合蛋盒型夹芯板具有更好地力学性能。     

金属夹芯复合板及其制备技术的发展

简要介绍了各种金属夹芯复合板的结构形式、特点及其应用领域。阐述了金属夹芯复合板按照芯材的分类以及不同种类芯材的制备方法．结合芯材的制备技术重点介绍了蜂窝芯材的制备。在金属板面与芯材的各种连接技术中介绍了胶接、钎焊连接、缝焊、激光焊以及界面瞬间液相扩散轧制等连接方法。     

Research on Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonding of Steel Sandwich Panels Under Small Plastic Deformation

Plastic deformation was newly introduced in transient liquid phase (TLP) diffusion bonding of steel sandwich panels. The effect of plastic deformation on bonding strength was investigated through lab experiments. It was assumed that three factors, including newly generated metal surface area, deformation heat, and lattice distortion, contribute to the acceleration of interface atoms diffusion and increase of diffusion coefficients. A numerical model of isothermal solidification time was developed for TLP bonding process under plastic deformation and applied to carbon steel sandwich panels bonding with copper interlayer. A reasonable isothermal solidification time was obtained when an effective diffusion coefficient was used. Based on lab experiments, the effects of plastic deformation on interlayer film thickness and isothermal solidification time were studied through theoretical calculation with the new model. The evolution of interlayer film thickness indicates a good agreement between the calculation and experimental measurement. The results show that the isothermal solidification time is obviously reduced due to the effect of plastic deformation. Furthermore, a new steel sandwich cooling panel for heat exchanger was fabricated by TLP diffusion bonding under 13.1% plastic deformation. The test results suggest that a steel sandwich panel of inequidistant fin structure can provide enhanced heat transfer efficiency.     

磁流变弹性体夹层结构动力学特性研究现状分析

磁流变弹性体(MRE)具有比磁流变液更好的控制性能;它在结构振动半主动控制中有着广泛的应用。对国内外MRE夹层梁的动力特性研究进行了综述,阐述了MRE夹层梁的材料本构模型、理论建模方法和实验分析研究成果。最新的研究成果表明:磁流变夹层梁的固有频率可通过控制外加磁场的大小及位置进行增大或减小。同时对研究内容进行了总结,并对该领域未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Moisture ingression in honeycomb core sandwich panels

Moisture ingression was studied in several composite sandwich panels, in which hydration was applied over a large surface area at the panel edges. Significant moisture ingression occurred in panels with cores of Korex (based on a substrate of a fiber pulp paper) and HRP (consisting of a woven-glass-fiber substrate with a polymer coating) of different density. Ingression was more rapid than in panels with hydration applied locally. Ingression followed an exponential pattern in time in most cases, in harmony with diffusion theory.     

铝合金结构件焊缝质量涡流及X射线检测对比研究

涡流检测方法具有设备简单、检测速度快、灵敏度高、非接触式检测等优点,能及时检测焊缝质量情况,有效检测焊缝是否存在未焊透、焊接裂纹等缺陷,以分析确定焊缝内的潜在风险,现已成为铝合金结构件焊缝的有效检测手段。采用多频涡流检测技术,配合新型无方向性电扰动涡流传感器及X射线探伤仪,并制作铝合金结构件焊缝人工缺陷,通过对比试验两种不同的检测方法,分析两种方法的优劣。试验结果表明,多频涡流检测技术配合新型无方向性电扰动涡流传感器能够满足检测要求,减小焊缝表面焊道的凹凸不平产生的干扰影响,并且全面地发现缺陷;相比之下,虽然X射线检测结果更为直观,但检测速度较慢,不适合现场应用及缺陷快速定位。     

基于PVDF压电薄膜传感器的超声检测试验

基于PVDF聚偏氟乙烯压电薄膜传感器进行了超声检测方法研究。首先详细介绍了PVDF压电薄膜传感器的传感机理和组成,并根据检测信号的特点设计了信号调理电路;其次利用超声波探伤仪和PVDF压电薄膜传感器搭建了超声无损检测系统;最后,利用检测系统对铝试件进行了检测,验证了该检测方法的可行性。试验结果表明,该检测方法得到的检测信号信噪比高,能够准确定位试件内部的缺陷,适用于缺陷检测。     

Mechanical properties of aluminum/polypropylene/aluminum sandwich sheets

The aluminum/polypropylene/aluminum (A1/PP/A1) sandwich sheets have been developed for potential application of these materials for automotive body panels in future high performance automobiles with significant weight reduction. The tensile properties of the A1/PP/A1 sandwich sheets were examined in the present study as well as those of the aluminum skin and the polypropylene core at room and elevated temperatures. It was found that the sandwich sheet with hard skin and low volume fraction of the polypropylene core showed the highest tensile strength, whereas that with soft skin and high volume fraction of the polypropylene core showed the lowest strength. The sandwich sheet with hard skin showed much smaller work hardening rate than that with soft skin. All sandwich sheets showed serration phenomena on their flow curves. However, the magnitude of serration was significantly diminished in the sandwich sheet with high volume fraction of polypropylene core. The tensile strength of the sandwich sheet was compared with that calculated from the rule of mixture based on the tensile strengths of the aluminum skin and the polypropylene core. The results showed that there were good agreements between the experimentally obtained values and the calculated values. From the tensile tests at elevated temperatures, it was found that the tensile strength of the sandwich sheet with high volume fraction of polypropylene core was more sensitive to temperature than that with low volume fraction of polypropylene core. During tensile deformation of the sandwich sheet, it was found that fracture first took place in the aluminum skin and then in the polypropylene core and at the interface. The interface strength was found to be strong enough to avoid premature debonding at the interface before fracture took place in the entire sandwich sheet.     

Ultrasonic C-Scan and shearography NDI techniques evaluation of impact defects identification

The new all-composite wing for semi-aerobatic sport and training aircraft is being developed in the Czech aircraft industry. The typical outer composite structure of this wing is sandwich with carbon skins in combination with honeycomb. This new composite structure is designed in accordance with CS-23 airworthiness requirements. The NDI techniques for reliable detecting of manufacture or in-service defects (disbonding, defects from impact, etc.) are therefore, necessary. This paper compares the results of visual, ultrasonic C-Scan and laser shearography impact damage assessment and determination of sandwich panels, which were cut out from sandwich skins of this developmental wing. Considering the reliability, simplicity and rapidity of each technique and with the digital indicator measurement as a base, the laser shearography is evaluated as the most suitable method for that purpose.     

On the gas pressure forming of aluminium foam sandwich panels: Experiments and numerical simulations

Forming of light-weight highly stiff aluminium foam sandwich (AFS) panels into complex 3D components would mark a development in the manufacturing of these materials. In this work, gas pressure forming of AFS panels is investigated experimentally and using numerical simulations. Deformation behaviour of AFS panels is studied during high-temperature uniaxial tension and compression, and constitutive models are developed and incorporated into FE simulations of the gas pressure forming process. Simulation results and experimental observations show reasonable agreement and demonstrate the possibility of forming AFS panels to significant deformations while maintaining considerable core porosity.     

Shear and bending performance of carbon fiber composite sandwich panels with pyramidal truss cores

Structural performance in direct (pure) shear and three-point bending was investigated for sandwich panels with a carbon fiber pyramidal truss core. Analytical estimates for sandwich panel strength for each loading condition were presented for possible competing failure modes. In the experimental part of the study, pyramidal truss cores were made using the hot press molding technique and then attached to flat carbon fiber composite face sheets to build all-composite sandwich panels. Panels with different configurations (e.g., core relative density and face sheet thickness) were tested to probe different failure modes and investigate the mechanical properties. In general, measured failure loads showed good agreement with the analytical predictions. Failure mechanism maps illustrate the controlling failure mechanisms in various regions of parameter space.     

泡沫铝填充金属波纹板耦合增强机理研究

将闭孔泡沫铝填充到空心金属波纹板孔隙当中即可获得泡沫铝填充波纹板结构,对其准静态压缩吸能特性进行实验表征。研究表明,泡沫铝填充波纹板其压缩应力远高于泡沫铝与空心波纹板二者单独压缩应力之和,表现出明显的耦合增强效应,其单位质量峰值抗压缩强度及单位质量能量吸收率(SEA)可分别高达对应空心结构的6.3及14.8倍,即使和泡沫铝相比,其SEA仍可提高50%以上。进一步通过对空心波纹芯体结构的屈曲变形模式研究表明,泡沫铝的填充给予了波纹芯体单元足够强的横向支撑,使其变形模式转变为空心结构难以产生的更加高阶的屈曲变形模式,屈曲波长变短,产生耦合增强效应。     

Surface crack detection in welds using thermography

Thermography is today used within non-destructive testing for detecting several different types of defects. The possibility for using thermography for detecting surface cracks in welded metal plates has here been investigated. During testing the weld is illuminated using a high power infrared light source. Due to surface cracks acting like black bodies, they will absorb more energy than the surrounding metal and can be identified as a warmer area when imaged using an infrared camera. Notches as well as real longitudinal cold cracks in a weld are investigated using the presented method. The results show that thermography is promising as a method for detection cracks open to the surface.     

飞机多层结构铆钉周围裂纹脉冲涡流检测传感器参数优化

飞机多层结构铆钉周围埋藏裂纹检测是无损检测领域的一个难点和热点,脉冲涡流能够对这种裂纹进行有效的检测。针对这种缺陷检测,本研究采用了一种双激励线圈且用隧道磁电阻(TMR)为接收的新型探头。双激励源反向联接,激励电流不至于过大,但磁场却能达到局部聚焦的作用。通过大量试验对该传感器参数进行优化选择,以提高传感器的检测灵敏度。试验结果表明:当激励线圈绕制180匝、两激励线圈间距为20~30 mm、单个线圈水平夹角为60°~90°、且TMR位于裂纹正上方时探头的检测灵敏度最大。该研究结果可为飞机多层结构铆钉周围裂纹脉冲涡流检测探头设计提供参考。     

类岩石材料破裂声发射的光纤光栅传感监测技术

针对岩石破裂声发射检测中的常规检测仪器抗电磁干扰差、灵敏度低、可靠性差等不足,提出采用光纤光栅传感技术来实现声发射检测,分析了光纤光栅传感检测应变和声发射的机理,组建了相应的声发射检测模拟实验系统,给出了模拟实验的500kHz激励声信号和光纤光栅传感响应信号。利用软件RFPA进行了岩石破裂的数值模拟,选择水泥河砂作为主要原料的砂浆材料,制作了类岩石材料实验试件,并在单轴数控压力机上进行了岩石试件加载破裂声发射实验,用光纤光栅传感器来探测和记录声发射能量及声发射累计次数,证明该传感器能实现声发射检测。     

基于电涡流传感器的油罐车内部缺陷检测

设计了一种专门用于油罐车内部缺陷检测的电涡流传感器,研究了传感器的结构,建立了传感器的数学模型,并对传感器封装方法进行了分析,最后进行了系统测试。结果表明:该传感器可以实现无损检测,并且能安全有效地检测出油罐车的损坏情况,其灵敏系数为1 125.63mV/mm,且操作简单,检测速率快。