亲油性纳米TiO2／PMMA复合粒子的制备及表征

采用种子乳液聚合法对纳米TiO2进行表面改性,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯包覆在纳米TiO2表面,形成TiO2/PMMA复合粒子。采用FT-IR、UV-Vis、XPS、TEM等分析手段对所得产物的表观形貌、所携带官能团、表面元素变化和在有机溶剂中的分散性等进行了表征。结果表明,复合粒子呈现核壳结构,粒子的团聚现象和分散性都得到改善,亲油性增强。     

TiO2／PS复合粒子制备技术研究

本文首先通过优选表面活性剂和处理方式,实现了纳米TiO2粒子表面疏水处理,然后利用超声波的分散、粉碎、活化、引发等多重作用,在实现纳米TiO2粒子在反应介质中均匀分散的同时,引发苯乙烯（St）单体在纳米TiO2粒子表面进行分散聚合反应,最终制备出了TiO2／聚苯乙烯（TiO2／PS）复合粒子,并对其结构进行了表征。     

氢等离子体电弧法Mg／TiO2复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

采用氢等离子体电弧法,在H2＋Ar气氛下制备出Mg／TiO2复合纳米粒子．通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、红外分析（FT—IR）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）对纳米粒子的化学成分、晶体结构和表面形貌进行了分析,发现具有六方形晶体惯态的镁粒子通过表面包覆一层TiO2后形成了球形粒子;分析了其形成过程．热重分析（TGA—SDTA）结果表明,Mg／TiO2复合纳米粒子比纯Mg纳米粒子抗氧化温度提高30～40℃．     

纳米CaCO3/TiO2复合粒子制备超疏水膜

采用溶胶-凝胶法,用γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲基氧硅烷和油酸修饰纳米CaCO3/TiO2复合粒子,制备具有类似荷叶表面形貌的超疏水涂层。结合扫描电镜、红外光谱、热重和示差扫描量热仪对复合粒子进行表征。结果表明,纳米TiO2粒子物理复合在纳米CaCO3表面,复合粒子经修饰后引入了疏水性的甲基,形成纳米复合双重粗糙结构,使所制备的涂层表现出优良的超疏水性能,其中接触角为162.1°,滚动角7°。     

纳米TiO2表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合反应

利用表面接枝的方法,在纳米TiO2上接枝偶联剂-γMPS(3-(三甲氧硅基)丙基异丁烯酸)形成"杂化"单体,通过加入引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)在粒子表面发生自由基聚合,形成PMMA/γ-MPS/TiO2纳米复合粒子。通过IR、元素分析、TGA等方法表征了PMMA/-γMPS/TiO2纳米复合粒子的结构,定量研究了TiO2/-γMPS单体接枝率和转化率,PMMA/-γMPS/TiO2纳米复合粒子的接枝率及其相应的影响因素。结果表明:PMMA以化学键的形式连接在纳米TiO2粒子表面并具有较高的接枝率。     

双亲性纳米TiO2复合粒子的制备与研究

采用疏水型硅烷偶联剂KH570表面接枝改性纳米TiO2,引入化学键结合的不饱和双键,再通过无皂乳液聚合法合成双亲性聚丙烯酸(PAA)-g-硅烷偶联剂KH570-g-纳米TiO2复合粒子.研究了偶联剂用量对纳米TiO2粒子分散性以及聚合条件对聚合物接枝率变化和微观形态的影响.红外光谱和热重测试分析结果表明,纳米TiO2表面偶联剂接枝率为7.62％,聚合物接枝率达61.3％;透射电镜观察表明,偶联剂处理使纳米TiO2的亲油性和分散性均提高,聚合物接枝后的复合粒子能够在有机溶剂中分散均匀且粒径增加至30nm左右.     

高聚物复合微球的制备研究

根据机械力化学的原理 ,通过使用自行研制的设备在微米级Ps和PMMA微球上复合一层纳米级的TiO2 粒子 ,使用扫描电镜和光电子能谱对制得的复合微粒子进行表征 ,发现该方法可以使纳米TiO2 粒子呈很好的分散状态复合在聚合物微球上 ,而且由于聚合物微球原料的不同 ,纳米TiO2 粒子能在高聚物的表面的复合状态也不同。     

静电纺丝技术制备 TiO 2 / SiO 2复合中空纳米纤维与表征

用静电纺丝技术成功制备出复合中空 TiO 2/ SiO 2纳米纤维。用动态热分析仪、 红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、 扫描电镜、 透射电镜和 X射线能谱仪等分析技术对样品进行了表征。分析结果表明 , 得到的产物为复合中空TiO 2/ SiO 2纳米纤维 , 以非晶 SiO 2为外壳 , 内壁由粒径为 50 nm的晶态 TiO 2粒子组成 , 复合中空纳米纤维平均直径 2μm , 长度 > 100μm。讨论了复合中空纳米纤维的形成机制 , 复合纤维在烧结过程中 , 芯层 TiO 2纳米粒子向外表面扩散 , 与壳层 SiO 2粒子形成新化学键 , 得到复合中空纳米纤维。     

PPy/TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及光催化活性

采用原位聚合的方法合成了聚吡咯/二氧化钛(PPy/TiO2)纳米复合材料,研究了吡咯(Py)与TiO2的比例、氧化剂的种类、掺杂酸的浓度等因素对PPy/TiO2纳米复合材料在太阳光下光催化降解甲基橙的影响,采用透射电镜、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱等方法对样品进行了表征.结果表明,PPy/TiO2纳米复合粒子在太阳光下的光催化活性明显高于TiO2纳米粒子,当Py与TiO2的比例为1:100,三氯化铁为氧化剂,1.0mol·L-1盐酸溶液为掺杂剂时PPy/TiO2纳米复合粒子在太阳光下的光催化活性最高;TiO2纳米微粒以及PPy/TiO2纳米复合微粒的粒径均为10～20nm,复合微粒的粒径没有明显的增大,但是减轻了纳米粒子之间的团聚;聚吡咯使TiO2纳米粒子的禁带宽度由3.12eV降低到2.84eV,TiO2纳米粒子的吸收波长拓展到可见光区,有利于TiO2纳米粒子在太阳光下光催化活性的提高.     

纳米粒子表面修饰与改性--SiO2纳米粒子表面接枝聚合

通过硅烷偶联剂处理SiO2纳米粒子并向其表面引入双键使其功能化，采用溶液聚合方法在SiO2纳米粒子表面进行接枝聚合实现高分子对SiO2纳米粒子的表面包覆处理，制得SiO2／PMMA复合纳米粒子，采用IR、XPS对SiO2纳米粒子表面结构进行了表征研究。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.