纳米铜/聚丙烯复合膜中铜向食品模拟物的迁移及其对膜性能的影响

当纳米包装材料与食品接触时,纳米成分可能会迁移到食品中,由于对纳米成分的毒性研究还不充分,可能引发食品安全问题。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, ICP-OES)探究了时间、温度、纳米铜含量、偶联剂、伽马射线辐照、循环使用及乙酸食品模拟物浓度对纳米铜/聚丙烯复合膜中铜向模拟物中迁移的影响,并对比复合膜迁移前后性能的变化。结果表明:复合膜中铜向模拟物中迁移的迁移率随时间和温度的增加而增大,直至平衡;循环使用的复合膜中铜在每次循环时的迁移能力与纳米铜含量有关;伽马射线辐照、乙酸食品模拟物的浓度增大使铜的迁移量显著增大;迁移后复合膜的机械性能较稳定,微观形貌和粗糙度随迁移行为有所变化。     

油墨溶剂在食品与塑料包装间分配系数测定

依据PRV(相位比)的原理,建立气-液-固三相平衡系统,利用顶空气相色谱法测定平衡时空气中丁酮、甲苯、乙酸丁酯的浓度,通过计算得到油墨中三种有害物质在六种聚合物(PE、PP、OPP/CPP、PET/CPP、PET/PE和PET/PA/CPP)和六种食品模拟液(蒸馏水、3%乙酸、6%乙酸、10%乙醇、40%乙醇和正己烷)之间的分配系数,研究发现PP吸附丁酮较PE多,而PE吸附甲苯和乙酸丁酯的能力要高于PP。丁酮、甲苯、乙酸丁酯迁移量随着模拟液浓度的增大而增大。三种物质都更容易迁移到代表脂肪类模拟物的正己烷中。     

外卖食品接触材料中有害物质迁移研究进展

近年来外卖行业发展迅速,随之产生的食品接触材料安全问题也不容忽视。食品接触材料（FCM）由于反应副产物、低聚物、降解过程、包装材料与食品之间的化学反应或生产所用原料中的杂质而含有有害物质,在与食品接触时这些物质会迁移至食品中从而对人体造成危害。常见外卖食品接触材料为塑料与纸制品,其中含有塑化剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂等添加剂,而传统中式食品又以高温、高油食品为主,在使用一次性餐具盛装该类外卖食品时,添加剂极可能迁移到相关外卖食品中,具有较大的安全风险与隐患。本文对常见外卖食品接触材料中主要有害物质的性质、检测方法与迁移研究现状进行简述,了解外卖食品接触材料中有害物质的迁移情况,从而给外卖食品接触材料的安全监管提供一定的参考依据。     

食品接触纸质包装材料中有害物质的迁移及潜在危害的研究进展

食品接触用纸是指在正常或可预见的使用条件下,预期与食品接触的各种纸及制品,包括涂蜡纸、纸浆模塑制品及食品加工烹饪用纸等。由于在加工处理过程中需要加入各种添加剂,其本身所含的助剂、单体、低聚体、降解物等化学残留物就可能通过吸收、溶解、扩散等途径迁移到食品中,污染食品,造成一定的食品安全隐患。本文通过对比国内外相关法规与标准对纸质食品接触材料检测项目、限量指标和检测标准等方面的规定,对食品接触纸质包装材料中有害物质的迁移及其潜在危害进行总结,并对食品接触纸质包装材料中有害物质全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonates,PFOS)、全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)、荧光增白剂、特定芳香胺(specific aromatic amines,PAAs)、甲醛、五氯苯酚、丙烯酰胺、重金属、光引发剂的迁移及其潜在危害进行综述。     

食品接触材料用硅橡胶检测研究进展

硅橡胶以其优良的稳定性和安全性被广泛应用于食品接触材料领域,随着硅橡胶在食品工业上的广泛应用,其使用过程中的安全性也逐渐受到人们的重视。本文综述了食品接触材料用硅橡胶中可能迁移出的有毒物质,列举了国际上关于食品接触用硅橡胶材料的相关检测标准及法规,介绍了分析推断硅橡胶老化机制的仪器分析方法,总结了食品接触用硅橡胶制品迁移到食品或食品模拟液中的环硅氧烷和重金属离子等有毒物质的具体检测方法。目前,在日常食品接触用硅胶制品的使用过程中,迁移到食品中最多的有害物质是挥发性环硅氧烷,国内外主要应用气相色谱法、气质联用法或核磁共振法来定性定量分析检测迁移到食品中的环硅氧烷。本文旨在对日常使用过程中硅橡胶的安全性的判断及国内食品接触用硅橡胶材料标准的制定提供一定的参考。     

影响聚丙烯塑料中抗氧剂1076向食品中迁移规律因素研究

有害化学物的迁移是食品包装材料污染食品和危害人们身体健康的主要途径之一,研究影响有害物质向食品中迁移规律的因素可有效降低食品包装材料对食品的污染风险。论文研究了含1076的聚丙烯母料的比表面积和模拟液的极性对抗氧剂1076向模拟液中迁移规律的影响,并把Scatchard-Hilderbrand热力学理论模型预测平衡分配系数(D_(r0))与实验值(D_r)进行比较分析,研究结果表明:模拟中1076的浓度(C_r)和浸泡时间(t)符合Ct=a(1-e~(-bt))方程式,且塑料比表面积(S)越大,迁移速率和迁移平衡分配系数(模拟液/塑料)越大,1076向乙醇模拟液中迁移的平衡分配系数(D_r)与比表面积(S)符合方程ln Dr=—3.93+2.21e~(-57.67S),平衡分配系数实验值与SatchardHilderbrand热力学理论模型计算值随模拟液的溶解度参数变化趋势完全一致,实验值与计算值的比值随模拟液与聚丙烯的溶解度参数差值减小而增大,即模拟液的极性越接近聚丙烯,实验值越接近Scatchard-Hilderbrand热力学理论模型平衡分配系数计算值。     

影响聚丙烯塑料中抗氧剂BHA向食品中迁移规律因素研究

食品包装材料中有害化学物的迁移是污染食品和危害人们身体健康的主要途径之一,研究影响有害物质向食品中迁移规律的因素可有效降低食品包装材料对食品的污染风险。试验研究了含BHA的聚丙烯母料的比表面积和模拟液的溶解度参数对BHA向模拟液中迁移规律的影响,并把Scatchard-Hilderbrand热力学理论模型预测平衡分配系数(D_(r0))与试验值(D_r)进行比较分析,研究结果表明:模拟液中BHA的浓度符合C_t=a(1-e~(-b t))方程式,且塑料比表面积越大,迁移速率和迁移平衡分配系数(模拟液/塑料)越大,同时模拟液的溶解度参数与塑料的溶解度参数差值越小,其迁移速率越大,迁移平衡分配系数的试验值与Scatchard-Hilderbrand热力学理论模型计算值越接近。     

4.食品包装材料中潜在迁移物的转移

从聚合物包装材料到内容物的迁移过程,基本上是一种解吸过程,其中包括聚合物结构中的一些低分子量物质的问题。这样的解吸作用会影响包装食品的内在质量和安全性。同时也关系到一个立法的问题,因为现在的法规规定,如果一种可能迁移的物质是一种潜在的致癌物质,它就不准存在于包装材料中。因此,在迁移物的起始浓度极低的情况下解吸作用的阐述是研究的重点。可是在这样低的浓度下还未曾对解吸作用进行过适当的研究。 在经典的相分配体系中用食品模拟液和食品进行吸附/解吸研究时,某些聚氯乙烯树脂显示出明显的浓度依赖性。用反相气相色谱法对聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯脂和它们的一些共聚物进一步作了研究,选定了单体/聚合物间的热力学关系。这些研究的结果表明,在这样低浓度下迁移物转移时体系的熵关系的主导因素。     

聚焦包装材料 保障食品安全

要了解包装就不得不谈到包装材料,包装材料直接关系到包装的效果。食品包装被称为"食品的间接添加剂",因为包装材料中含有的有害物质很可能会迁移到食品中,造成食品的污染,因此包装材料的安全性是保证食品安全必不可少的重要部分。     

食品包材：为食品铸造坚实的外衣——聚焦包装材料 保障食品安全

要了解包装就不得不谈到包装材料,包装材料直接关系到包装的效果。食品包装被称为“食品的间接添加剂”,因为包装材料中含有的有害物质很可能会迁移到食品中,造成食品的污染,因此包装材料的安全性是保证食品安全必不可少的重要部分。     

Migration Phenomenon in Food Packaging. Food–Package Interactions, Mechanisms, Types of Migrants, Testing and Relative Legislation—A Review

The development of convenient and low-cost packages, together with the increased consumer demands for safer products, have resulted in the conduction of extensive research and the publication of numerous studies related to the phenomenon of migration. The large number of synthetic materials used for the manufacture of packages makes the evaluation of the food–package interactions quite complicated. Different parameters such as the nature of the food of interest, the type of food–package contact, the time and temperature of contact, the packaging materials used, the properties of the migrating substances, as well as the amount of potential migrants contained in the packaging materials, can drastically affect the migration rate and extent. Due to the extreme variety of foods used, several food simulants have been suggested and applied for testing the migration phenomenon under various laboratory conditions. The use of many of those simulants is defined by national and international legislation. This review article covers the main migration phenomena, which are related to the most commonly used packaging materials. It is clearly demonstrated that the complexity of the migration phenomena requires more research to establish internationally accepted risk management procedures and standardised testing methods.     

纳米塑料复合食品包装中的纳米成分及其迁移研究进展

在塑料食品包装中加入纳米材料可以实现很好的机械性、气体阻隔性或抗菌性等优良性能。然而在与食品 接触的过程中这些纳米材料也有可能迁移到食品中,从而对消费者的健康产生威胁,甚至对市场及消费者信心造成 负面影响。对纳米材料进行迁移研究是对其进行风险评估的重要一环,已经得到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文综述 了纳米塑料复合包装的种类、在食品包装中应用较多的纳米材料及其作用,并详细分析了食品包装中纳米材料向食 品或食品模拟物迁移的研究。结果表明：食品包装中纳米材料向食品或食品模拟释放的量较小,但到目前为止,关 于它们是否会以纳米形态释放出来仍然没有达成统一意见。另外,微波处理、塑料助剂的添加可以影响纳米材料的 释放。     

塑料食品包装材料中有毒有害化学残留物及分析方法

食品包装材料中有毒有害化学物质的迁移是引起食品污染的重要途径之一。本文主要根据近年来发表的有关食品包装材料、卫生检测领域的相关文献为基础,针对塑料食品包装材料中的单体、低聚体、添加剂和污染物等几类有毒有害化学物质的组成、毒性、卫生限量标准及主要检测方法进行了分析,为相关食品包装企业的质量控制技术人员和科研工作者提供参考。     

Determination of the mass transport properties of chemical additives in polypropylene material/simulated food system

The mass transport process (migration) of five additives from three different types of polypropylene (PP) films into selected food simulants was studied. The migration tests were carried out at different time-temperature conditions, and the concentration of additives in polymer matrix and food simulants were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). With all data, the mass transport properties for migration kinetics (partition and diffusion coefficients) were determined. Results showed that the partition coefficient was affected significantly by the temperature and simulants’ properties, whereas little affected by the types of PP film and molecular weight of substance. The polarity, structure and shape of substances can also have an influence in their partition between the polymer matrix and food simulants. Additionally, comparison results between the experimental diffusion coefficients and the calculated values by Piringer model suggested that the current migration model with the default modelling parameters for PP does not describe realistically the diffusion coefficients of additives. The calculated diffusion coefficients were greater than the experimental values, as a consequence, the migration of chemical additives will be overestimated. For more realistic migration calculations, more accurate modelling parameters in Piringer model should be established and the effect of food on migration should be high interest in future work.     

Overall migration from commercial coextruded food packaging multilayer films and plastics containers into official EU food simulants

The overall migration from a wide range of commercial five-layer coextruded packaging films into aqueous food simulants (distilled water, 3% aqueous acetic acid) and alternative fatty food simulant (iso-octane) was studied. The overall migration from commercial plastics cups (PS, HIPS, and PP) used for ice-cream or yogurt packaging into distilled water and 3% aqueous acetic acid was also studied. Test conditions for packaging material/food simulant contact and method of overall migration analysis were according to the EU directives and CEN-standards. The results showed that for all tested five-layer films and plastics (PS, HIPS, and PP) cups values of overall migration into aqueous simulants (0.11-0.79 mg/dm², 2.3-15.9 mg/l) and (<0.10-0.41 mg/dm², <0.80-3.1 mg/l) were significantly lower than the upper limit (10 mg/dm²) for overall migration from plastic packaging materials and articles into food and food simulants set by the EU Directive 90/128/EEC and their revisions. The overall migration values from five-layer materials into iso-octane were significantly higher (0.94-8.23 mg/dm², 18.8-164.7 mg/l) than the above values but are still lower than the upper limit for overall migration. Global migration values of five-layer films into aqueous food simulants seems to be independent of material thickness. In contrast, overall migration into iso-octane increases with film thickness.     

The determination of monomers and oligomers from polyester-based can coatings into foodstuffs over extended storage periods

The polymeric coating used in metal packaging such as cans for foods and beverages may contain residual amounts of monomers used in the production of the coating, as well as unreacted linear and cyclic oligomers. Traditionally, although designed for use with plastic food contact materials, food simulants have been used to determine the migration of monomers from coatings into foodstuffs. More recently, food simulants have also been used to determine oligomeric species migrating from can coatings. In the work reported here, the migration of both monomers and oligomers from polyester-based can coatings into food simulants and foodstuffs, some of which were towards the end of their shelf-life, is compared. The concentrations of monomers and selected oligomers in canned foods at the end of their shelf life were found to be significantly lower than those in food simulants, which in turn was lower than those in the extraction solvent acetonitrile.     

食品包装材料中双酚A迁移量的测定

建立采用高效液相色谱法对塑料食品包装材料中双酚A向食品模拟物迁移量的检测方法。使用4种食品模拟物：水、质量分数为4%乙酸溶液、体积分数30%的乙醇溶液和脂肪类模拟物(正己烷、异辛烷和橄榄油)。结果表明,双酚A在与食品塑料包装接触过程中,无论在何种情况下都会向食品模拟物中迁移,尤其向醇类模拟物中迁移最严重;在温度超过60℃时,双酚A向食品模拟物中的迁移率骤增;在微波加热条件,高火700W功率时双酚A向食品模拟物中的迁移速率最快。该方法检测限为0.3ng/mL,线性范围为0.5～100ng/mL,线性相关系数为0.9997,回收率在92.0%～102.4%之间,相对标准偏差≤2.84%(n=5)。     

塑料食品包装材料的卫生安全性分析

食品包装材料中有毒有害化学物质的迁移是引起食品污染的重要途径之一。本文主要根据近年来发表的有关食品包装材料领域的相关文献为基础,针对塑料食品包装材料中的加工助剂、油墨和树脂自身中的有毒有害物质等迁移物产生的危害进行了分析,为塑料食品包装材料的质量控制提供参考。     

Copper release from nano‑copper/polypropylene composite films to food and the forms of copper in food simulants

The influences of temperature, exposure time, different types of polypropylene (PP), (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550) used as coupling agent, sterilizing conditions on copper migration from nano‑copper/PP composite films into food/ food simulants were explored. Results showed that copper migrated more easily from polypropylene (PPH) films with a maximum rate of 34.51%, compared to those from copolymer polypropylene (PPR) and block copolymer polypropylene (PPB) to 3% acetic acid (w/v). Gamma (γ) irradiation could significantly increase the copper migration (P < 0.05). Different forms of copper were found in different simulants. Copper crystals were found in 10% ethyl alcohol and identified by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersed analysis of X-rays (SEM-EDX). The hydroxylation (%) of nano‑copper/PP films was less than 100%. These films had certain antioxidant and antimicrobial properties which could extend the shelf life of packaged food. The migration amount of copper into rice vinegar was the largest, with a maximum of 0.65 mg/ kg.Industrial relevanceAlthough nanomaterials are potentially beneficial for food packaging, migration of nanoparticles to the packaged food can be harmful to the human body. Therefore, it is very important to determine the presence and characterize the morphology of nanoparticles in food. In this paper, we have developed a new and effective packaging material containing nanoparticles and have explored the migration form and morphology in food simulants. In conjunction with the results of current study, nano‑copper/PP packaging material can be suggested for maintaining the product quality and has commercial potential.