牙膏摩擦剂二氧化硅的研制

以硅酸钠和硫酸为原料，采用沉淀法工艺，控制釜底液碱浓度0．2～0．3moL／L、反应温度80-95℃、反应时间30-90min、反应pH8-10、熟化时间10-30min,助剂质量浓度15-30g/L，合成透明牙膏组合物用二氧化硅摩擦剂。着重考察了釜底液碱浓度、助剂质量浓度等对二氧化硅性能的影响。此种二氧化硅摩擦剂的比表面积为30-54m^2／g,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）吸收值为0．9-1．4mL／g，平均粒径为6～10μm，辐射牙釉质磨损（RDA）值低于150，pH为6-7，水分质量分数为3％-5％。此种二氧化硅引入到透明牙膏中，体系透光率为40％-85％。     

牙膏用二氧化硅的研制

论述由硅酸钠和硫酸制备适用于牙膏及透明牙膏的二氧化硅，所得产品含二氧化硅w(SiO2)≥92.0%，结构水w(H2O)为3.5%-4.5%;pH值6.2-7.0。粒径6-12μm。松密度200-300g/L。吸油值90-150ml/100g，辐射牙本质磨损（RDA）值5070，折光率1.400-1.445。     

球形氢氧化铝牙膏磨擦剂的研制

论述了由铝酸钠和二氧化碳制备适用于牙膏的氢氧化铝，所得的氢氧化铝接近球形。产品含氢氧化铝ω(Al(OH)3)≥99．0％、pH值7．5～8．5、粒径8～15μm、折光率1．577～1.581，是普通氢氧化铝牙膏磨擦剂的更新换代产品。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏中的二甘醇

利用毛细管柱气相色谱-质谱（GC—MS）测定牙膏中二甘醇的量,检出限为5mg／kg,二甘醇的线性范围为5μg／mL－500μg／mL,回收率为95．2％～102．2％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．19％～1．54％。     

沉淀法白炭黑在轮胎上的应席

白炭黑（二氧化硅）系白色无定形粉状物,质轻而松散。不溶于水及酸,高温不分解,绝缘性高、有吸湿性,因制造条件和牌号不同,质量有很大区别。沉淀法白炭黑成份：Si02含量87—95％,平均粒径16—100nm,表面积40-170m2／g,相对密度1．93——2．05,PH值5．7—9．5,水份6％左右,吸油值1．6—2．4cm^3/g。     

甘油发酵液的絮凝除菌研究

利用高分子絮凝剂絮凝去除甘油发酵液中的菌体，考察了pH值，絮凝剂用量，絮凝温度对絮凝效果的影响，结果表明：适宜的絮凝条件为pH=5-10，温度30－40℃，ρ（絮凝剂）＝0．7－0．8g/L，此时菌体絮凝剂（FR）可达90％以上。经絮凝处理后，滤速为未加絮凝剂的2．5－4．5倍；滤液中菌体去除率达100％，固形物的回收量为未知絮凝剂的2．1倍，滤饼的含湿量由71％增加到78％。     

高效液相色谱法测定2，4—二苯基—1，5—苯并硫氮杂Zhou—α—（丁二酰亚胺基）—β—内酰胺

建立了测定2，4－二苯基－1，5－苯并硫氮杂Zhou－α-（丁二酰亚胺基）－β－内酰胺高效液相色谱法，该法线性范围在0－0．1mg/mL,加归方程为A＝196734675．7c-358432.3，相关系数r=0.9993,相对标准偏差0.38%(c=0.06mg/mL,n=5，检出限为0．06μg/mL。平均回收率在95．7％－103．9％之间。     

HN—型高固色率活性染料的低盐染色法

HN－型高固色率活性染料红HN－2B，金黄HN－R，深蓝HN－2G，其吸色率在95％以上，固色率在85％左右。以几种不同的染色,用HN－型高固色率活性染料对棉纱及棉布进行了染色，染色结果表明，在中温下，该活性染料可以采用低盐染色。当盐的加入量减少为30g/L (是标准加入量的1／2），其最适宜的染色条件:浴比1：20，染色深度3％，40℃上梁，60℃固色，氯化钾20g/L和柠檬酸三钠为10g/L，碱磷酸三钠的加入量为4＋10g/L时，其K／S值下降百分数：红HN－2B为10．16；金黄HN－4为5．57，深蓝HN－2G为8．57。     

正电纳米材料--氢氧化铝镁对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

介绍了一种新型水处理剂－－氢氧化铝镁正电纳米材料（AMH）。研究了AMH对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ）的吸附性能，考察了吸附时间、pH值、SO4^2-、Cr(Ⅵ）浓度对吸附的影响。静态吸附实验结果表明，吸附可以在４min之内达到平衡；在pH值5－7时吸附效果最好；随着Cr(Ⅵ）浓度的增大吸附量逐渐增大，最大吸附量达110mg/g；吸附不受SO4^2-的影响。吸附等温线符合Freundlich模式，吸附机理主要为离子交换吸附，Cr(Ⅵ）主要以Cr2O7^2-的形式被吸附。AMH可以用硅凝胶法造粒。动态吸附实验表明，对于100mg/L的含铬废水，颗粒吸附剂的饱和吸附量为1．96mg/g（以Cr计）。吸附剂用0．2mol/L FeCl2的酸性溶液进行再生，再生效率达100％。     

DDTC-MIBK萃取火焰原子吸收法测定铜

研究二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠－甲基异丁基甲酮（DDTC－MIBK）体系萃取溶液中铜（Ⅱ），火焰原子吸收测定微量铜的方法，测定的灵敏度为0．028μg/ml/1％吸收，检出限为0．020μg/ml，线性范围为0－5．0μg/ml。标准铜加入样品后的回收率为98．2％－105％，相对标准偏差3．07－5．56％，成功地测定了新鲜水果及桔子，黄桃等罐头食品中的微量铜。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。