热锻件冷锻工艺的应用及发展

叙述了冷锻工艺的方法及其发展过程，介绍了冷锻设备，例举了典型的法兰轴套，齿轮，凸缘轮毂及长轴零件的冷锻工艺，阐述了用冷锻工艺代替热模锻的优点。     

差动伞齿轮高速冷模锻工艺及模具设计

叙述了差动伞齿轮新旧模锻工艺过程。设计冷模锻锻件图、计算毛坯尺寸、选择变形速度、验算许可变形程度、拟制毛坯制坯处理。介绍了差动伞齿轮高速冷模锻的模具结构。文末提出了模具设计的关键问题。     

星形套闭塞冷锻工艺及模具设计

分析了轿车等速万向节星形套的闭塞冷锻工艺,确定了设计冷模锻的锻件图和毛坯尺寸 ,验算了许可变形程度及进行毛坯制坯处理的要点 ,介绍了该闭塞冷锻模的结构、原理及必须注意的问题     

驱动齿轮冷模锻工艺及模具设计

分析了汽车驱动齿轮的冷模锻工艺。设计冷模锻锻件图、计算毛坯尺寸、选择变形速度、验算许可变形程度、拟制毛坯制坯处理及介绍了冷模锻模具结构     

轿车变速箱轴类件多工位冷精锻工艺及模具研究

轿车变速箱轴类件种类繁多,但其外形结构特点较为单一,其主要特征为细而长且多台阶.详细分析了该类锻件采用多工位冷精锻工艺方案的可行性.多工位冷精锻能顺利成形锻件,该工艺具有产品质量高、材料利用率高和生产效率高等优点,适合大批量生产.以输入轴为例,基于减径挤压工艺知识,制定了输入轴的五工位冷精锻工步图,计算并确定了工艺参数,研究了工步之间工艺参数的匹配关系;提出了多工位冷精锻模具设计原则和方法,设计了输入轴五工位冷精锻模;采用塑性成形模拟软件DEFORM-2D对输入轴各工步成形过程进行了模拟分析,验证了该工艺方案的可行性.     

电力金具球头冷锻成形的数值模拟和试验研究

针对电力行业所用金具球头的生产加工,提出一套冷锻成形方案,以改进现有机械切削加工工艺,降低生产成本。首先通过对零件形状的分析,制定出初步的冷锻工艺过程,再利用Deform-3D锻造模拟分析软件,对所制定冷锻工艺进行计算分析验证,最后根据模拟结果确定及调整工艺方案,设计出一套冷锻模具,实施实际冷锻工艺试验。并成功锻打出合格的金具球头冷锻件。     

听筒T铁级进模冷锻工艺研究

应用有限元模拟技术,对小型、精密听筒T铁的级进模冷锻工艺进行研究,分析对比了分别采用小飞边模锻和闭塞式模锻工艺时的金属填充能力、成形力大小和模具结构可行性.结果表明:闭塞式模锻方案更适合于听筒T铁的级进模冷锻成形,提出了闭塞式模锻+开式锻造整形的听筒T铁级进模冷锻工艺路线,所提出的工艺方案不仅能有效控制材料填充,而且能减小总成形力.     

阶梯轴冷挤镦成形工艺及模具设计

以汽车变速箱二轴锻件为例,介绍了在通用液压机上采用开式冷挤压与闭式冷镦相结合的成形方法锻制阶梯轴的一种多工步冷锻工艺.讨论了制订锻件图中各工艺参数的确定原则、坯料制备、工步选定和设备的选择;给出了各冷锻工步的锻件工序图和模具装配图,介绍了模具的工作过程与模具材料的选择.该工艺及模具经生产实践验证,具有很好的经济效益,可供同类锻件开发冷锻工艺时参考.     

Past developments and future trends in the rotary or orbital forging process

Rotary forging is a relatively new manufacturing process with potential for cost-effective applications, especially in cold forging of intricate parts to net shape. In this paper orbital forging and axial die rolling processes are included as subsets of rotary forging while radial forging, also known as rotary forging, has been excluded; these decisions are primarily based on die kinematics. Because of its recent origins, the rotary forging process is first described. Then, a historical perspective is provided to trace its recent origins. The machines are classified based on die kinematics. Die kinematics influence the stick-slip or position discrepancy behavior of the different machine types and have deep implications on the die filling and accuracy capabilities of these machines. Rotary forging machines currently in operation in the U.S. and their applications are presented in greater detail. The discussion on future applications and potential research issues is primary based on the author’s own perception of future trends in this emerging field. The author is with.     

高合金钢冷轧工作辊锻造过程数值模拟

采用Deform-3D软件对一种新型高合金钢冷轧工作辊锻造以及锻前空冷过程进行数值模拟。首先,根据实际产品和液压机压头尺寸建立锻件和模具模型并进行了网格划分,对所采用的高合金钢进行热力学测试从而建立了材料模型。通过分析在空冷和锻造过程中锻件温度场和应力场分布,获得了锻件在空冷过程中温度变化规律,以及在锻造过程中锻造区域典型位置处的温度和应力分布特征。此外,参考模拟结果,并结合实际经验对这种新型冷轧工作辊进行锻造,实际锻造结果与模拟得到的最终结果十分接近,验证了采用有限元方法对轧辊锻造过程进行模拟是可行的。为冷轧工作辊的实际锻造生产提供理论指导。     

多台阶轴头短流程冷精锻成形工艺

针对某型号多台阶轴头形状尺寸及冷精锻工艺特点,采取挤压、镦粗、缩径等不同工艺在工序内结合应用的方法,制定了多台阶轴头短流程冷精锻成形工艺。通过数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法,对所制定的工艺进行分析研究,最终获得了两道工序成形8个台阶尺寸的多台阶轴头短流程冷精锻成形工艺,并在实验过程中采用了高分子润滑剂,进一步缩短了从下料到最终成形的整个工艺流程。结果表明:通过合理分配各工序变形量、工序内多种冷锻工艺结合应用的方法,可有效减少台阶轴冷精锻成形工序总数,实现在普通压力机上的高效率生产;Deform-3D模拟软件对工艺的模拟结果与实验结果相一致,说明有限元模拟对成形效果、压力大小的预测是可行的。     

冷锻工艺知识结构系统

简述了冷锻技术已发展形成为一门应用技术科学和独立的生产制造技术的观点，总结了冷锻基本工序的分类及定义，提出了冷锻工艺知识结构的一种系统。其结果可为冷锻技术学科的进一步发展提供理论指导或参考依据。     

国内精密锻造技术的近期状况--第1届全国精密锻造学术研讨会论文综述

根据第1届全国精密锻造学术研讨会的宣读与交流文献，从冷锻、温锻、热锻、复合塑性成形，锻造设备与生产线、锻造成形模拟等方面综述了国内精密锻造技术的近期状况。     

Effect of the primary heat treatment on the bond formation in cold welding of aluminum and steel by cold forging

Cold forging enables the manufacturing of high strength monolithic components. When used as joining technology it can also be extended to an enabler of multi-material product design. The contact conditions at the interface between the components during the cold forging process play a crucial role. The joining of two billets of steel and aluminum is investigated by a finite element analysis with regard to the material distribution and the effect of a primary heat treatment of both materials. These parameters affect the surface enlargement and the contact normal stress which are decisive parameters for the formation of a sound bond between aluminum and the hardly cold weldable steel. The experimental results present the effect of a primary heat treatment on the bond formation. Microscopic analyses of the bond formation allow a deeper insight into the bonding mechanism. Thus, the results lead to process design guidelines for cold welding by cold forging.     

凸台轴冷镦工艺有限元模拟及分析

基于数值模拟的方法,分析了凸台轴的自由冷镦和开式冷镦两种加工方法.自由冷镦成形力较小,模具寿命较高,但材料耗费较大,不利于加工的成本化管理.开式冷镦,能有效节约原材料,虽成形力较大,但借助有限元分析软件DEFORM,选择适当的型腔高度,可控制成形力大小,同时又能保证凸台的加工精度.试验证明:数值仿真能有效模拟凸台的成形加工过程,对研究凸台型腔高度对成形力大小的影响有一定的理论参考价值.     

Investigation of the cold orbital forging process of an AlMgSi alloy bevel gear

Orbital forging is a metal forming process in which one of the dies performs a complex rocking motion. It ensures reduction in required load and allows for the cold forming of a workpiece. One of the mechanical parts formed by means of this technology is a bevel gear. However, a numerical analysis of orbital forging bevel gears is very difficult to perform due to the complex rocking motion of the die, which is confirmed by numerous works investigating the orbital forging process. In the present work, investigation results of the cold orbital forging of aluminum alloy bevel gears are presented. In contrast to other works devoted to the process, this study proposes a new procedure for forming bevel gears and the workpiece used has a shape which is different from the previously applied ones. The obtained results apply to both theoretical and technological aspects of orbital forging. The FEM simulation results have been successfully verified in laboratory conditions using the industrial PXW-100A press.     

3D FE modeling of cold rotary forging of a ring workpiece

Cold rotary forging is an advanced but much complex incremental metal forming process with multi-factors coupling interactive effects. Previous researches concentrated mainly on studying the cold rotary forging process of the cylindrical workpiece based on the analytical and experimental methods. In the current work, in order to better investigate and understand the cold rotary forging process of the ring workpiece, a 3D elastic–plastic dynamic explicit FE model of the process is developed under the ABAQUS software environment. Some key technologies of modeling methods are dealt with reasonably and some key forming conditions are also determined properly. The reliability of the proposed 3D FE model is verified experimentally. Through simulation, the distributions and histories of different field-variables such as stress, strain and force and power parameters are investigated in detail. The research results provide valuable guidelines for better understanding the deformation characteristics of cold rotary forging of the ring workpiece. Furthermore, the modeling methods presented in this paper have the general significance to study other rotary forging processes, such as the hot rotary forging process, the rotary forging process of workpiece with complex profile and so on.     

GCr15钢花键轴套冷挤成形

对GCr15钢花键轴套零件的冷挤压工艺进行了分析 ,制定了先正挤花键后镦挤球头体的挤压方案 ,并介绍了该零件的冷挤压模结构及其特点     

枪管径向冷精锻成形技术的应用研究

针对小口径枪管弹-线膛一次冷精锻成形技术,通过对不同口径和不同材料的枪管径向冷精锻成形工艺的应用研究,分析精锻枪管炸裂的原因,改进了精锻工艺,并确定了检测方法和标准。经大量试验验证,采用径向冷精锻成形工艺生产的枪管性能,完全满足轻武器的使用要求,并大幅提高了产品的综合性能。     

直齿圆柱齿轮精锻工艺

直齿圆柱齿轮精锻工艺是一种生产直齿圆柱齿轮的少无切削加工工艺，包括冷精锻工艺、热精锻工艺等。该工艺及其基础理论是各务学普遍关注的研究课题。本综述了国内外直齿圆柱齿轮精锻工艺的研究概况，分析了齿轮精锻工艺目前存在的问题和今后的发展趋势。