含碳癸硼烷氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的制备与性能EI北大核心CSCD

合成了1,2-二(4-异氰酸酯基苯基)碳癸硼烷(BCE),用红外光谱和核磁共振(1H-NMR和13C-NMR)表征其结构。研究了BCE氰酸酯树脂的固化特征温度、流变性能和热稳定性能,并考察了其石英纤维增强复合材料的耐热性能和介电性能。结果表明,BCE氰酸酯树脂适合于模压和热压罐等复合材料成型工艺。固化后的树脂玻璃化转变温度不低于500℃,在氮气和空气中5%失重温度分别为491.9℃和465.9℃,800℃残留率分别为91.9%和90.3%。在7～19 GHz频率下,石英纤维增强BCE树脂复合材料具有较低且稳定的介电常数和介电损耗正切值。     

含碳癸硼烷氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的制备与性能

合成了1,2-二(4-异氰酸酯基苯基)碳癸硼烷(BCE),用红外光谱和核磁共振(1H-NMR和13C-NMR)表征其结构。研究了BCE氰酸酯树脂的固化特征温度、流变性能和热稳定性能,并考察了其石英纤维增强复合材料的耐热性能和介电性能。结果表明,BCE氰酸酯树脂适合于模压和热压罐等复合材料成型工艺。固化后的树脂玻璃化转变温度不低于500℃,在氮气和空气中5%失重温度分别为491.9℃和465.9℃,800℃残留率分别为91.9%和90.3%。在7～19 GHz频率下,石英纤维增强BCE树脂复合材料具有较低且稳定的介电常数和介电损耗正切值。     

双酚A型邻苯二甲腈树脂改性硅炔杂化树脂及其复合材料性能

采用双酚A型邻苯二甲腈预聚树脂(BAPh-P)改性聚(间二乙炔基苯-二甲基硅烷)树脂(PDMP)制备了双酚A型邻苯二甲腈/聚(间二乙炔基苯-二甲基硅烷)树脂(PBA),利用DSC、FTIR、流变分析、TGA等技术分析其固化行为、黏度以及耐热性变化。结果表明,PBA树脂固化峰值温度较PDMP升高;固化反应主要为炔基的Diels-Alder和加成反应、氰基进一步交联生成三嗪环和酞菁环等结构反应;BAPh-P的加入提升了PDMP在空气下的耐热性,PBA-1(PDMP:BAPh-P质量比为5∶1)树脂固化物在N₂和空气氛围质量损失5%的温度(T_d5)分别为640.6℃和591℃,1000℃质量保留率为89.0%和26.9%;随着BAPh-P质量增加,PBA树脂固化物T_d5呈下降趋势,但空气中T_d5均高于PDMP;石英纤维增强PBA树脂基(QF/PBA)复合材料随BAPh-P质量增加室温弯曲强度逐渐升高,高温弯曲强度先升高后降低;其中QF/PBA-2复合材料室温和400℃弯曲强度分别为363 MPa和330 MPa,较PDMP分别提升91%和214%,室温和400℃的层间剪切强度(ILSS)分别为37.5 MPa和22.2 MPa。      

支链型硅烯炔树脂的合成与性能

以二乙炔基苯(DEB)和甲基三氯硅烷(MTS)为原料,锌粉作催化剂,合成了一种支链型硅烯炔树脂(Branched Silicon-containing Arylethyleneacetylene Resin,BSA)。研究表明,最优反应条件为:物料摩尔配比二乙炔基苯比甲基三氯硅烷为9∶4,80℃温度下回流反应10h,合成树脂的产率达82.4%。树脂在130℃下就可发生固化交联反应,粘度较低,具有良好的加工性能;BSA树脂固化物具有良好的热稳定性,N2氛围下质量分解5%时的温度Td5达到567℃,800℃时质量残留率约为90%。     

聚硅烷改性含硅芳炔树脂的耐热性能研究

含硅芳炔树脂具有优异的耐高温性能,在高温下可形成C/SiC有机无机杂化材料,用聚硅烷对含硅芳炔树脂进行改性以提高其含硅量。采用示差扫描量热(DSC)、红外光谱(FT-IR)分析了改性含硅芳炔树脂的固化行为,采用TGA考察了改性含硅芳炔树脂固化产物及其烧结物的热稳定性能,并用XRD对烧结物进行了分析。研究表明,改性后的含硅芳炔树脂黏度降低、硅含量提高;固化物和烧结物在1200℃下空气中的残留率均提高了40%以上;固化物经1450℃烧结后形成了β-SiC,含聚硅烷30%的改性树脂烧结物中SiC含量达到41%。     

新型含硅聚芳炔树脂基透波复合材料的制备与性能

为满足工程领域对耐高温树脂基透波复合材料的需求,研究石英纤维(QF)增强新型含硅改性聚芳炔(PSA)树脂基复合材料(QF/PSA)的制备方法及其性能。首先对树脂的黏度进行分析,确定了树脂在不同温度和时间下的黏度变化预测模型,适宜的树脂传递模塑工艺(Resin Transfer Molding, RTM)注胶温度在70~100℃范围;对树脂固化过程中的放热量、红外光谱和流变特性进行分析,确定了树脂的固化温度和固化过程,在250℃可以实现树脂的固化。基于上述分析进行了复合材料的高质量制备,并进一步对复合材料的微观形貌、力学性能、热膨胀性能、介电性能和耐高温性能进行分析和试验验证。材料的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)大于500℃,5%热失重温度(T5%)高达625℃,石英灯试验表明耐高温能力可达520℃/1000 s;介电常数稳定在3.1~3.2,介电损耗稳定在0.003以下;力学性能满足功能材料的使用要求。上述研究表明,该新型含硅聚芳炔树脂基透波复合材料在航空航天领域具有重要的应用价值。      

基于酚醛结构的聚三唑树脂及其复合材料

设计并合成了一类含酚醛结构的聚三唑（NPTA）树脂,研究了其流变性能、固化行为、耐热性等,考察了NPTA树脂作为复合材料基体的可用性。研究结果表明,NPTA树脂具有良好的可加工性能,可低温固化成型,起始固化温度低于80℃,反应活化能较低;NPTA树脂的主链结构对其流变性能、固化行为和交联反应活化能影响不大。NPTA树脂固化物的耐热性受交联结构影响,玻璃化温度可高达278℃。T700碳纤维增强NPTA树脂（T700/NPTA）复合材料的力学性能优异,常温弯曲强度大于1 590 MPa,150℃下弯曲强度保持率超过68.6%。     

苯并噁嗪-氨基稀释剂改性硅炔杂化树脂及其复合材料性能

采用氨基稀释剂(AD)和端乙炔基型聚苯并噁嗪(EB)树脂改性一种具有高力学性能的聚(间二乙炔基苯-二甲基硅烷)(PDMP)树脂。按照质量比PDMP∶EB∶AD=5∶1∶1进行共混后制备PDMP-EB-AD树脂。利用FTIR、DSC、介电分析仪(DEA)、TGA分析改性前后树脂的结构、黏度、固化过程和耐热性能变化。结果表明,AD与EB中的—NH₂和—C≡CH均参与进PDMP固化过程中,共混后PDMP-EB-AD树脂固化温度升高,黏度降低,热分解温度(T_d5)在N₂和空气下分别为539.5℃和518.7℃,1 000℃质量保留率分别为85.1%和18.1%。利用浸渍法将PDMP-EB-AD树脂与石英纤维(QF)制备成预浸料进行模压成型,制备的QF增强PDMP-EB-AD树脂(QF/(PDMP-EB-AD))复合材料力学性能极大提高,且树脂与纤维的黏结性得到改善。常温下QF/(PDMP-EB-AD)复合材料弯曲强度和层间剪切强度(ILSS)分别为694.5 MPa和41.9 MPa,较QF/PDMP复合材料分别提高了176.6%和96.7%,250℃时弯曲强度和ILSS达到319.5 MPa和20.11 MPa。      

苯并噁嗪型邻苯二甲腈的制备及性能

以4-氨基苯氧邻苯二甲腈(BZN)、多聚甲醛和双酚A/联苯二酚/苯酚为原料制备了苯并噁嗪型邻苯二甲腈,分别命名为BZPh-A,BZPh-B和BZPh-C。采用差示扫描量热法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法和热重分析法分析了BZPh的固化行为和固化物耐热性,结果表明,BZPh为双重固化机理,分别是噁嗪环的开环聚合和氰基的自催化交联固化,BZPh-C的固化温度分别为219.4℃和264.4℃,其固化物在N₂和空气中热失重5%的温度(T_d5)及800℃质量保留率分别为467.2℃,74.7%和464.6℃,21.4%,耐热性优于BZPh-A和BZPh-B。石英纤维增强BZPh树脂复合材料(QF/BZPh)的弯曲强度均高于600 MPa、层间剪切强度均高于35 MPa。400℃热老化2 h后,复合材料力学强度保留率大于80%;400℃热老化2 h后,质量损失低于4%;QF/BZPh-C的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)为477℃,复合材料具有良好的力学性能和耐热性能。     

含聚硅氧烷链段邻苯二甲腈树脂的制备及性能

以端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和4-硝基邻苯二甲腈为原料,在强极性溶剂中进行亲核取代反应合成了含聚硅氧烷链段邻苯二甲腈树脂(SIPH),并利用氨基改性剂(AWL)与该树脂进行反应制备了改性含聚硅氧烷链段邻苯二甲腈树脂预聚物(SIPH-AL)。通过红外光谱和核磁共振表征了SIPH树脂的化学结构;采用差示扫描量热法、红外光谱法、热重分析和动态力学热分析表征了SIPH-AL的固化行为和固化物的耐热性。结果表明,SIPH-AL起始固化温度为207℃,其固化物在空气和氮气中失重5%的温度(T_d5)及1000℃质量保留率分别是453℃,29%和500℃,77%;石英纤维增强SIPH-AL复合材料室温和600℃时的弯曲强度分别为515.5 MPa和94.5 MPa,玻璃化转变温度(T_g)高于500℃。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.