龙岩高岭土的组成与结构研究

本文采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、激光粒度仪、综合热分析仪(DTA/TG)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)以及透射电镜(TEM)等测试手段对福建龙岩高岭土进行了组成及结构的研究.结果表明:龙岩高岭土的矿物组成主要由高岭石、多水高岭石和伊利石组成.一定量伊利石的存在是龙岩高岭土的化学组成中含有较高K2O组分的直接原因,这导致其耐火度不高.龙岩高岭土的显微结构为片状和管状混合结构,多水高岭石呈管状,结晶程度最差;高岭石呈不规则薄片状,结晶程度较差;伊利石呈板片状,晶化程度最好.     

吉水高岭土原矿理化性能分析及成瓷应用的研究

分析测试了吉水高岭土原矿和精矿的化学组成和矿物组成,并对吉水高岭土精矿的结构形貌、粒度分布和物理性能进行了研究。将吉水高岭土原矿替代龙岩高岭土应用于日用陶瓷泥料配方中,研究其加入量对泥料可塑性、干燥抗弯强度、干燥收缩和烧成收缩的影响。研究结果表明:吉水高岭土原矿的主要矿物组成为石英、白云母、高岭石和微斜长石,属高岭石类矿物,高岭石矿物呈片状不规则叠置排列;吉水高岭土精矿颗粒较粗,体积平均粒径为19.562μm,是一种中可塑性、粘结性一般的高岭土原料;在日用陶瓷配方泥料生产中,吉水高岭土原矿用量控制在30%~50%范围内,泥料工艺性能可满足生产要求。     

丰顺九龙高岭土工艺性质及出口瓷泥的研究

测定了九龙高岭土的可塑性、化学组成、粒度及其分布、白度等 ,并且做了X—射线和透射电子显微镜分析。测定结果表明 :九龙高岭土的主要矿物组成为高岭石、石英和伊利石 ,其晶体形貌一部分呈假六角片状 ,一部分呈不规则片状 ,少部分为粒状。在出口瓷泥中 ,加入了 12 %的可塑粘土。     

贵州大方县骂陇村高岭土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的高岭土样品,球磨并过80目筛备用。利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高岭土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标。研究结果表明:该高岭土样品的主要矿物组成为高岭石(61.59wt%)、多水高岭石(12.86wt%)和三水铝石(23.63wt%),其中高岭石与多水高岭石呈典型的六方管状结构,而三水铝石呈假六方片状结构。该矿物原料可塑性良好、阳离子交换容量值很小、流动性和触变性较小、干燥收缩很小、干燥强度较大。由于该矿物中碱金属和碱土金属氧化物含量均较低,因此烧结温度较高(>1350℃),并且其含有相对较高的Fe2O3(1.19wt%),导致样品的烧成白度不高,1250℃下烧成的白度仅为46.84%。     

陶瓷墙地砖湿法球磨浆料基本性能研究

以某大型陶瓷企业瓷质仿石砖湿法球磨浆料为原料,通过沉降分层取样,采取激光粒度分析、X射线荧光分析、X射线衍射分析以及SEM分析等手段,研究浆料的矿物相组成、化学成分均匀性、粒度分布以及颗粒形貌等基本性能,为干法制粉取代湿法制粉技术提供理论基础.结果表明:(1)陶瓷墙地砖湿磨浆料的主要矿物相是石英、高岭石、钠长石和伊利石;(2)湿磨浆料的平均粒径为17μm,最大粒径90 μm,其中:0～10μm约占50％,10～50μm约占45％,50 ～90 μm约占5％;粒径小于1μm时,Al2O3和MgO含量较高;粒径大于1μm时,Na2O、K2O、SiO2含量较高;粒径大于45μm时,MgO含量较高;粒度越细,化学成分均匀性越好;(3)湿磨浆料中固相颗粒形貌不规则,呈尖角形、长片状或短柱状,棱角较多,与同细度干法粉体形貌差异不大.     

常宁市五冲高岭土矿理化性能研究

采用化学常规分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热分析以及一系列物性测试手段对常宁市五冲高岭土矿样品的物质成分及工艺性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明:常宁高岭土主要衍射峰有高岭石、白云母、微斜长石和石英;SEM图片可以明显观察到风化很好的片状高岭土以及少量管状晶体结构的高岭土;常宁高岭土白度,可塑水和可塑性指数均较高,干燥收缩率和烧成收缩均较小。可以作为日用陶瓷和建筑卫生陶瓷的主要原料。     

机械力化学法制备硅烷接枝高岭石的研究

采用湿法研磨机械力化学法制备了硅烷接枝改性高岭石.采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、物理吸附仪等对湿法研磨高岭石及硅烷表面修饰高岭石样进行表征,并通过结晶度指数、Scherrer公式等方法对样品的晶体结构尺寸大小进行计算分析. 结果表明经研磨处理高岭土颗粒比表面积增大,粒径减小,高岭石晶体结构无序性增强,堆垛体被剥离成微小高岭石片层,晶粒尺寸明显减小.相比直接改性高岭石,湿法研磨改性高岭石的红外光谱发生显著变化,出现了-CH3、-CH2、C=O 和 Si-C 键等硅烷偶联剂的红外峰.     

贵州大方县百纳村高岭土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集代表性的高岭土样品,球磨并过80目筛备用。利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高岭土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质与微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标。结果表明:该高岭土的主要矿物组成为多水高岭石(84.77wt%)和绿脱石(1.33wt%),具有典型的六方管状结构,管直径在十几到几十个纳米不等,管长约为几百纳米。该高岭土可塑性较好,阳离子交换容量值很高,流动性和触变性小,干燥收缩大,干燥强度较低。由于该高岭土样品的Fe2O3(0.43wt%)含量低,从而具有较高的烧成白度,1250℃下烧成样品的白度为70.8%。     

准格尔露天矿煤矸石制备精细煅烧高岭土的实验研究

本文研究了煅烧温度、保温时间、原料细度及球磨工艺对煅烧精细高岭土白度和粒度的影响.结果表明,在1050℃下煅烧3h后磨细,可以得到白度为90.12,粒度(d50)为2.8 μm的精细高岭土.并研究了煅烧温度和时间对产物物相和显微形貌的影响.     

前驱体预处理及卤化铵添加剂对α-氧化铝微粉颗粒形貌的影响

以工业氢氧化铝为前驱体,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析方法,研究了前驱体经轻烧再经球磨预处理的物相转变及形貌演变,并进一步研究了在预处理后的前驱体中添加氟化铵、氯化铵以及氟化铵和氯化铵的复合物后,经过高温煅烧所得α-氧化铝的颗粒形貌演变规律。实验结果表明:前驱体经650℃轻烧再经3 h球磨,所得样品主要物相为γ-氧化铝,样品由颗粒尺寸小于10μm的不规则片状颗粒组成,其中包含大量尺寸小于1μm的不规则颗粒;预处理后的前驱体经1 400℃煅烧2 h,所得样品为α-氧化铝,蠕虫状空间网络结构得到部分抑制;在预处理后的前驱体中加入1%氟化铵(质量分数)时,在相同条件下煅烧所得样品为粒度分布在1μm左右的片状α-氧化铝,但片状结构尚不规则,粒度分布也不均匀;在预处理后的前驱体中加入1%氯化铵(质量分数)时,对α-氧化铝的颗粒形貌影响不大,所得样品形貌与无添加剂时类似,但初始晶粒尺寸略显细化;与单一加入1%氟化铵(质量分数)相比,在预处理后的前驱体中加入0.5%氟化铵(质量分数)和0.5%氯化铵(质量分数)复合添加剂时,促使片状α-氧化铝转变为圆饼状α-氧化铝,且粒度分布更为均匀,绝大部分圆饼状颗粒尺寸分布在1μm左右。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。