发电机的非线性自适应逆推综合控制

发电机励磁和汽门系统是一个典型的多变量、非线性、强耦合、不确定复杂系统,其综合控制将会改善电力系统稳定性和动态品质,所以设计简单、有效的综合控制器既必要又困难.针对单机无穷大励磁与汽门系统,运用自适应逆推方法和系统的Lyapunov函数,获得了发电机的非线性综合控制器和参数替换律,文中给出了该控制器的具体设计步骤.由于在控制器设计中没有运用任何线性化方法,因而所得控制器充分利用了系统的非线性特性;同时考虑了发电机阻尼系数的不确定性,使得控制器对系统参数的变化具有很强的鲁棒性.数字仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器具有鲁棒性,并可有效地提高电力系统的稳定性.     

考虑输入约束的发电机汽门非线性自适应控制

研究具有汽门控制和阻尼系数不确定的单机无穷大系统的暂态稳定性问题. 通过引入切换机制, 解决了输入控制量幅值约束问题. 基于主汽门控制和快速汽门控制思想, 建立了一个由汽门控制的单机无穷大汽轮发电机切换系统模型. 应用本文提出的改进自适应Backstepping方法设计了切换子系统的非线性自适应控制器和参数替换律, 同时构造出切换系统的共同Lyapunov函数, 从而保证了切换系统的稳定性. 由于设计过程中, 未用到任何线性化方法, 因而所得控制器充分利用了系统的非线性特性. 仿真结果表明了设计方法的有效性和优越性.     

基于反馈线性化的TCSC滑模控制

针对含可控串联补偿(Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation,TCSC)的电力系统非线性强及易受外部扰动的特点,应用反馈线性化方法和滑模变结构控制理论,设计了提高系统稳定性的可控串联补偿滑模控制器。通过引入反馈控制变量,基于状态反馈线性化理论实现了对非线性模型的精确线性化。采用极点配置方法设计滑模切换函数,从理论上保证发电机转子方程具有期望的极点。为了减小抖振采用指数趋近律和准滑动模态方法求取滑模控制律,使得设计的可控串联补偿非线性控制律形式简洁,鲁棒性好。为了验证该控制策略的有效性,在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立了基于反馈线性化的可控串联补偿滑模控制系统仿真模型,进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,与传统的控制方式相比,设计的控制器能有效地阻尼系统振荡,增强系统的暂态稳定性。     

电力系统非线性切换励磁控制

针对反馈线性化方法难以同时提高电力系统的功角稳定性和电压调节特性的问题,提出了基于分层设计思想的非线性切换励磁控制方法.首先采用逆系统方法实现了系统的反馈线性化,然后根据Lyapunov函数方法对包含零动态的部分线性化系统设计了切换励磁控制器.在电力系统专用仿真平台上的仿真结果证明了所设计的切换控制器能够有效改善功角稳...     

基于逆系统方法的广义非线性系统控制及电力系统应用

对一般广义非线性系统的反馈线性化问题,通过将代数变量视为虚拟输入,给出了构造性递归求逆算法,实现了系统的精确反馈线性化.作为该算法的应用,讨论了带有非线性负荷的三节点电力系统的励磁控制问题,设计了非线性励磁控制器.仿真结果表明了方法的有效性.     

汽轮发电机主汽门开度非线性鲁棒控制

由于外界干扰以及各种故障的影响, 电力系统的结构并不是不变的, 因此其中的一些重要参数, 如输电线路电抗等, 总是包含某种不确定性. 针对含有参数不确定性的汽轮机调速系统, 使用自适应逆推方法及Lyapunov方法设计了非线性鲁棒汽门控制器, 基于该方法的设计, 设计过程系统、简明, 且不必对原系统进行线性化, 通过对单机无穷大系统的仿真表明了该控制器的有效性.     

反馈线性化与滑模控制方法在发动机不稳定燃烧主动控制中的应用

以发动机不稳定燃烧过程为研究对象,建立起发动机不稳定燃烧力学系统与控制系统的数学模型,进一步应用基于微分几何的反馈线性化方法,将原非线性系统等价为完全可控线性系统,然后设计了滑模控制器.仿真结果表明,具有跟踪精度高、响应速度快、抗干扰能力强的反馈线性化与滑模控制方法,在发动机不稳定燃烧主动控制中有一定的潜力.     

广义子系统的非线性控制及其在电力系统分散控制中的应用

针对一类关联可测非线性广义子系统,研究了其全局镇定控制问题。首先通过微分同胚变换实现了子系统模型的等价变换。然后纂于反推控制方法,在充分考虑大系统其余部分关联输入对予系统影响的情况下,给出了非线性控制器的设计方案,使得闭环子系统是渐近稳定的。最后将该方法应用于电力系统中的一台同步发电机的分散非线性汽门控制器设计,仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性。     

基于线性化反馈的滑模变结构重装空投纵向控制律设计

针对重装空投过程中,重型货物持续移动及瞬间离机严重影响载机的安全性等问题,提出了基于线性化反馈和滑模变结构控制相结合的控制律设计方法,利用非线性多输入多输出反馈线性化完成系统解耦线性化,在此基础上采用滑模变结构控制设计系统内环速度与俯仰姿态跟踪控制器,保证了系统鲁棒性,结合外环PID高度保持控制器完成整个飞行控制系统的设计.最后,仿真验证了该控制器鲁棒性强,且满足空投任务战技指标要求.     

一类具有未知控制方向非线性系统的输出反馈自适应控制

研究了一类控制方向未知非线性系统的输出反馈自适应镇定问题. 首先, 通过一线性状态变换, 将未知控制系数集中起来, 从而将原系统变换为适于控制设计的新系统. 然后, 分别引入状态观测器和参数估计器, 并应用积分反推和调节函数方法, 给出了输出反馈稳定控制律的构造性设计过程. 可以证明，所设计的控制器确保原系统状态渐近收敛到原点, 而其它闭环系统状态有界. 仿真结论验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Adaptive guidance law design based on characteristic model for reentry vehicles

In this paper an adaptive guidance law based on the characteristic model is designed to track a reference drag acceleration for reentry vehicles like the Shuttle. The characteristic modeling method of linear constant systems is extended for single-input and single-output （SlSO） linear time-varying systems so that the characteristic model can be established for reentry vehicles. A new nonlinear differential golden-section adaptive control law is presented. When the coefficients belong to a bounded closed convex set and their rate of change meets some constraints, the uniformly asymptotic stability of the nonlinear differential golden-section adaptive control system is proved. The tracking control law, the nonlinear differential golden-section control law, and the revised logical integral control law are integrated to design an adaptive guidance law based on the characteristic model. This guidance law overcomes the disadvantage of the feedback linearization method which needs the precise model. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance of tracking the reference drag acceleration than the feedback linearizaUon one.     

含有非线性参数化的非完整系统的鲁棒自适应控制

针对一类含有强非线性漂移项和未知非线性参数的非完整系统, 提出了一种全局自适应状态反馈控制策略. 首先通过引入参数分离技术, 将非线性参数化系统转换为似然线性参数化系统. 然后引入反馈支配方法设计全局自适应稳定控制器, 同时, 为了避免系统出现不可控性, 设计了一种开关策略. 所设计的控制器能保证系统状态全局收敛到原点, 且其它信号保持有界. 仿真例子验证了算法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

Gain-scheduled output control design for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with saturating actuators

This paper deals with the stabilization of a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems under control saturations including time-varying parameter dependency. The control law studied consists of the gain-scheduled feedback of the measured output and of the nonlinearity present in the dynamics of the controlled system. Furthermore, the saturations are taken into account by modeling the nonlinear saturated system through a dead-zone nonlinearity satisfying a modified sector condition. Thus, as for precisely known systems, linear matrix inequality (LMI) stabilization conditions are proposed for such a generic system. These conditions can be cast into convex programming problems for design purposes. An illustrative example stresses the efficiency of the main result.     

Global sampled‐data output‐feedback stabilization for nonlinear systems with unknown measurement sensitivity

This paper investigates the problem of global output‐feedback stabilization by sampled‐data control for nonlinear systems with unknown measurement sensitivity. By employing the technique of output‐feedback domination, a sampled‐data output‐feedback control law together with a sampled‐data state observer is explicitly constructed. By an exquisite selection of both the domination gain and sampling period, the resultant control law is a globally asymptotic stabilizer even in the presence of unknown measurement sensitivity. The novelty of this paper is the development of a distinct approach which can tackle the problem of output‐feedback stabilization for the nonlinear systems with unknown measurement sensitivity.     

Distributed adaptive output feedback tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems

This paper addresses the distributed output feedback tracking control problem for multi-agent systems with higher order nonlinear non-strict-feedback dynamics and directed communication graphs. The existing works usually design a distributed consensus controller using all the states of each agent, which are often immeasurable, especially in nonlinear systems. In this paper, based only on the relative output between itself and its neighbours, a distributed adaptive consensus control law is proposed for each agent using the backstepping technique and approximation technique of Fourier series (FS) to solve the output feedback tracking control problem of multi-agent systems. The FS structure is taken not only for tracking the unknown nonlinear dynamics but also the unknown derivatives of virtual controllers in the controller design procedure, which can therefore prevent virtual controllers from containing uncertain terms. The projection algorithm is applied to ensure that the estimated parameters remain in some known bounded sets. Lyapunov stability analysis shows that the proposed control law can guarantee that the output of each agent synchronises to the leader with bounded residual errors and that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results have verified the performance and feasibility of the proposed distributed adaptive control strategy.     

Adaptive neural control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown time delay

A neural network (NN)‐based robust adaptive control design scheme is developed for a class of nonlinear systems represented by input–output models with an unknown nonlinear function and unknown time delay. By approximating on‐line the unknown nonlinear functions with a three‐layer feedforward NN, the proposed approach does not require the unknown parameters to satisfy the linear dependence condition. The control law is delay independent and possible controller singularity problem is avoided. It is proved that with the proposed neural control law, all the signals in the closed‐loop system are semiglobally bounded in the presence of unknown time delay and unknown nonlinearity. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Practical adaptive output tracking of high-order lower-triangular nonlinear systems: Modular design using feedback domination method

In this paper, a new modular design technique for globally and practically adaptive output tracking of high-order lower-triangular nonlinear systems is proposed. This technique is not based on certainty equivalence principle and completely uses feedback domination method for these linearly parameterized systems. Contrary to the methods based on adding a power integrator technique, for adaptive control of high-order lower-triangular nonlinear systems, in which the choice of a parameter update law is limited to a Lyapunov-type algorithm, the present method does not have this restriction and uses the swapping identifier as its parameter update law. The modularity of designing the controller and the identifier in this method, which relies on control design using feedback domination approach, is completely different from modular design in Immersion and invariance (I&I) based method, which relies on identifier design and desired features of parameter identification. Finally an example illustrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.     

On invariant sets and closed‐loop boundedness of Lure‐type nonlinear systems by LPV‐embedding

We address the problem of achieving trajectory boundedness and computing ultimate bounds and invariant sets for Lure‐type nonlinear systems with a sector‐bounded nonlinearity. Our first contribution is to compare two systematic methods to compute invariant sets for Lure systems. In the first method, a linear‐like bound is considered for the nonlinearity, and this bound is used to compute an invariant set by regarding the nonlinear system as a linear system with a nonlinear perturbation. In the second method, the sector‐bounded nonlinearity is treated as a time‐varying parameterised linear function with bounded parameter variations, and then invariant sets are computed by embedding the nonlinear system into a convex polytopic linear parameter varying (LPV) system. We show that under some conditions on the system matrices, these approaches give identical invariant sets, the LPV‐embedding method being less conservative in the general case. The second contribution of the paper is to characterise a class of Lure systems, for which an appropriately designed linear state feedback achieves bounded trajectories of the closed‐loop nonlinear system and allows for the computation of an invariant set via a simple, closed‐form expression. The third contribution is to show that, for disturbances that are ‘aligned’ with the control input, arbitrarily small ultimate bounds on the system states can be achieved by assigning the eigenvalues of the linear part of the system with ‘large enough’ negative real part. We illustrate the results via examples of a pendulum system, a Josephson junction circuit and the well‐known Chua circuit. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非线性系统的改进型自适应积分控制算法

针对传统非线性系统的积分控制,为减小稳态跟踪误差和防止积分饱和,设计了一种改进型的自适应积分控制。采用反馈线性化消去系统的非线性,在初始误差较大的条件下,引入惩罚函数根据误差动态调节比例系数和积分系数可抑制较大的超调量。应用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了在外部扰动有界的条件下,闭环控制系统一致最终有界。闭环系统稳定性的理论分析和仿真结果都验证了上述策略的可行性。