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膳食化合物在维持人体生理功能和预防疾病等方面至关重要,但其必须被人体高效吸收利用才能充分发挥其功能活性。肠道吸收细胞模型已成为体外模拟人体膳食化合物吸收利用及机制研究的有效手段。针对不同的膳食化合物,选取合理的肠道细胞吸收模型以及在现有细胞模型的基础上进一步改进,对于实现高效模拟人体对该膳食化合物的吸收利用具有重要意义。因此,本文概述了人体肠道上皮细胞的结构和功能,系统地综述了体外肠道细胞吸收模型研究进展,并以类胡萝卜素为代表,阐述了其肠道吸收转运机制,重点探讨了Caco-2单细胞模型和Caco-2/HT29-MTX细胞共培养模型在其吸收利用上的应用,以期为更好地利用肠道细胞吸收模型体外模拟人体对不同膳食化合物的吸收利用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Invited review: Dairy proteins and bioactive peptides: Modeling digestion and the intestinal barrier
Carlotta Giromini Federica Cheli Raffaella Rebucci Antonella Baldi 《Journal of dairy science》2019,102(2):929-942
Dairy products are one of the most important sources of biologically active proteins and peptides. The health-promoting functions of these peptides are related to their primary structure, which depends on the parent protein composition. A crucial issue in this field is the demonstration of a cause-effect relationship from the ingested protein form to the bioactive form in vivo. Intervention studies represent the gold standard in nutritional research; however, attention has increasingly been focused on the development of sophisticated in vitro models of digestion to elucidate the mechanism of action of dairy nutrients in a mechanistic way and significantly reduce the number of in vivo trials. On the other hand, the epithelial intestinal barrier is the first gate that actively interacts with digestion metabolites, making the intestinal cells the first target tissue of dairy nutrients and respective metabolites. An evolution of the in vitro digestion approach in the study of dairy proteins and derived bioactive compounds is the setup of combined in vitro digestion and cell culture models taking into consideration the endpoint to measure the target organism (e.g., animal, human) and the key concepts of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity. This review discusses the relevance and challenges of modeling digestion and the intestinal barrier, focusing on the implications for the modeling of dairy protein digestion for bioactivity evaluation. 相似文献
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乳铁蛋白是哺乳动物体内具有多种生理功能的铁结合性糖蛋白。乳铁蛋白作用的靶细胞及细胞表面的特异性受体是其发挥多种生物功能的基础。本文主要介绍哺乳动物小肠乳铁蛋白受体的结构、结合特性和生理功能;阐述人和小鼠小肠乳铁蛋白受体的特性,及其促进铁离子吸收和调节机体免疫的功能。 相似文献
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真菌毒素是一些病原真菌在侵染作物过程中产生的次级代谢产物, 许多食品和饲料在生产、加工、贮存和流通过程中都有可能受到真菌毒素的污染。人和动物摄入真菌毒素后, 体内能够引发多种生理毒性反应, 如肝肾毒性、致癌性、肠道损伤及炎症、中枢神经系统异常、生殖紊乱等。肠上皮细胞是分隔机体内部环境与外界的屏障, 在真菌毒素的毒性评价中, 对真菌毒素引起肠上皮细胞损伤的评价是一个重要方面。人结肠癌Caco-2细胞系常用于建立体外肠道屏障模型, 该模型可应用于体外评价药物或毒素在小肠粘膜或上皮的吸收转运效率, 以及对肠道屏障功能的影响。本文综述了Caco-2细胞单层模型的建立和评价指标, 应用该模型评价几种常见真菌毒素对肠上皮细胞的运输、屏障功能的影响, 以及肠上皮细胞毒性等研究进展, 为进一步研究多种真菌毒素对肠上皮损伤的机制提供支持。 相似文献
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Side‐Directed Transfer and Presystemic Metabolism of Selenoneine in a Human Intestinal Barrier Model
Isabelle Rohn Nina Kroepfl Julia Bornhorst Doris Kuehnelt Tanja Schwerdtle 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2019,63(12)
Scope : Selenoneine, a recently discovered selenium (Se) species mainly present in marine fish, is the Se analogue of ergothioneine, a sulfur‐containing purported antioxidant. Although similar properties have been proposed for selenoneine, data on its relevance to human health are yet scarce. Here, the transfer and presystemic metabolism of selenoneine in an in vitro model of the human intestinal barrier are investigated. Methods and results : Selenoneine and the reference species Se‐methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenite are applied to the Caco‐2 intestinal barrier model. Selenoneine is transferred in higher amounts, but with similar kinetics as selenite, while MeSeCys shows the highest permeability. In contrast to the reference species, transfer of selenoneine is directed toward the blood side. Cellular Se contents demonstrate that selenoneine is efficiently taken up by Caco‐2 cells. Moreover, HPLC/MS‐based Se speciation studies reveal a partial metabolism to Se‐methylselenoneine, a metabolite previously detected in human blood and urine. Conclusions : Selenoneine is likely to pass the intestinal barrier via transcellular, carrier‐mediated transport, is highly bioavailable to Caco‐2 cells and undergoes metabolic transformations. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate its possible health effects and to characterize the metabolism of selenoneine in humans. 相似文献
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乳酸菌为人体的重要生理性细菌,在维持人体肠道生态环境、提高机体免疫力等方面起到重要的作用。然而,乳酸菌发挥这些生理功能的重要前提是黏附到肠细胞的表面。随着研究的深入,越来越多的研究表明乳酸菌S-层蛋白对宿主细胞具有黏附性,如罗伊氏乳酸菌S-层蛋白可与黏蛋白及人结肠癌细胞HT-29进行黏附。在研究乳酸菌S-层蛋白对宿主细胞的黏附时,人们采用了不同的方法。一些常用的基本方法有SDS-PAGE、层析纯化技术、显微镜观察技术等。随着新技术的应用,表面等离子共振技术、免疫学技术等也用于研究S-层蛋白的黏附性。本文将着重介绍S-层蛋白及S-层蛋白黏附性研究的相关技术。 相似文献
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肠道微生物与人体长期共生,且与人体健康和疾病密切相关,膳食纤维通过改变肠道微生物的种类与数量,间接影响其在肠道中的代谢产物,进而影响人体的健康与疾病。肠道微生物与膳食纤维密切合作,对人体健康的影响意义重大。本文介绍了膳食纤维的定义、膳食纤维的生理功能、膳食纤维的最适摄入量、肠道微生物及其生理功能、膳食纤维对肠道微生物的影响、膳食纤维及肠道微生物对肥胖、炎症、结直肠癌、妊娠合并症及心脑血管疾病的影响,为通过调整膳食纤维治疗疾病的实践提供参考。 相似文献
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Guan Yang Shima Bibi Min Du Takuya Suzuki 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2017,57(18):3830-3839
Impairment of the epithelial barrier function is closely linked to the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases, food allergies, type I diabetes, and other systematic diseases. Plant-derived polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites and exert various physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-aging effects. Recent studies also show the role of plant polyphenols in regulation of the intestinal barrier and prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Here we summarize the regulatory pathways and mediators linking polyphenols to their beneficial effects on tight junction and gut epithelial barrier functions, and provide useful information about using polyphenols as nutraceuticals for intestinal diseases. 相似文献
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植物多糖是一种从植物中提取获得的高分子化合物,其结构复杂,具有多种生物活性,多糖通过调节肠道菌群对宿主产生有益作用是近年来研究的热点。研究表明,肠道菌群将非淀粉多糖代谢生成短链脂肪酸,发挥调节宿主代谢、免疫系统和细胞增殖等多种生理功能,改善肠道环境,促进人体健康。植物多糖化学结构与物理性质是肠道菌群利用差异的基础,决定了其益生作用强弱。不同提取、分离纯化以及修饰方法均可改变植物多糖结构,从而影响其活性。本文系统论述植物多糖与其益生作用的关系以及影响植物多糖结构的因素,旨在为植物多糖的精准化开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
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便秘作为常见的胃肠道疾病,常伴有肠道动力及肠道菌群的异常。本研究通过测定45 株乳杆菌的体外生理特性,并筛选出3 株进行体内功能性评价,探讨乳杆菌对肠道动力以及肠道菌群的调节能力。结果表明:干酪乳杆菌LC9、发酵乳杆菌LF37和鼠李糖乳杆菌LR45的耐酸耐胆盐存活率高于10%,均能利用低聚果糖、低聚木糖、低聚半乳糖,且短链脂肪酸产量高于1.2 mmol/L。此外,3 株乳杆菌均能促进小鼠的小肠推进率,缩短首粒排黑便时间,增加粪便水分质量分数,加快肠道运动,同时能提高小鼠粪便菌群中有益菌的相对丰度,改善菌群结构。综上,这3 株菌对小鼠肠道功能有一定的调节作用,具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是全球最常见的肝脏疾病。NAFLD始于肝脏脂质堆积,继而可能引起炎症,最终导致肝纤维化。有研究表明,肠道微生物及其产生的多种生物活性物质,通过门静脉与宿主肝细胞相互作用,进而导致NAFLD的发生发展,这种肠道和肝脏之间的双向通信,称为肠-肝轴。本文从肠道微生物组成、肠道屏障功能、肠道微生物成分、肠道微生物代谢物的角度阐述肠-肝轴介导NAFLD发生发展的作用机制,以及以肠-肝轴为靶点通过营养干预改善NAFLD;综述了肠道紊乱和NAFLD之间错综复杂相互作用的现有机制,以期为预防和改善NAFLD提供一定的营养策略。 相似文献
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高F值活性肽(HFRP)是指一类由2~9个氨基酸残基所组成的小肽, 一般F值大于20。HFRP是一种重要活性肽, 具有抗疲劳, 补充人体必需氨基酸, 促进酒精代谢, 保肝护肝, 促进氮储留和蛋白质合成, 抑制蛋白质分解, 改善手术后和卧床病人的蛋白营养状况等多种生理功能, 因此具有良好开发应用前景。本文综述了高F值活性肽的生理功能及用途、原料及制备技术、耐消化性及肠吸收评价技术的研究进展, 为新型活性肽保健食品的研究开发提供理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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Xinwei Jiang Xusheng Li Cuijuan Zhu Jianxia Sun Lingmin Tian Wei Chen 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2019,59(6):921-946
AbstractMetabolic syndrome develops to several related chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Diseases are outcomes of various cells dysfunction, which are especially acting with a network in metabolic syndrome. Anthocyanins are natural edible pigments widely existed in dark-colored fruits, vegetables, and grains. Epidemiological investigation and nutritional intervention of anthocyanins have exhibited broad-spectrum biological effects that they can benefit patients with metabolic syndrome related chronic diseases. Whereas the underlying mechanisms and the effects of anthocyanins on critical cells in chronic metabolic diseases are complex and elusive. Therefore, this review summarizes the studies about the effects of anthocyanins on various metabolism related chronic diseases, and mainly focuses on the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms on critical cells. We confirmed that anthocyanins are efficient on adipocytes, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells, hepatocytes, intestinal cells and gut microbiota, but lack of evidence on platelets, skeletal muscle cells, hepatic stellate cells and pancreatic beta cells. Additionally, we discussed the structure-function relationship of anthocyanins and the metabolites. This review summarizes the development of studies on anthocyanins with its target cells in metabolic syndrome, and discusses the unclear aspects of the anthocyanins research work, which is necessary for the future clinical application. 相似文献
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低聚半乳糖作为一种益生元越来越受到人们的关注,在功能性食品方面应用越加广泛。低聚半乳糖能够在肠道内选择性增殖益生菌发酵生成短链脂肪酸,与肠道微生物协同参与生理功能机制调节,在保障肠道健康、免疫系统调节、抑制肿瘤细胞生成、改善人体矿物质吸收、改善心血管疾病等机制方面发挥重要的作用。本文从分子水平出发,全面剖析了低聚半乳糖及其代谢产物短链脂肪酸在维持肠道微生物平衡、抵抗肠道病毒感染、免疫机制调节、结直肠癌的抑制、脂质代谢的调节及血糖水平控制等功效方面的作用机理。为低聚半乳糖在功能性食品开发及健康保健领域的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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过量饮酒会损害人体健康,目前酒精性肝病已经成为我国常见的肝病之一;食醋除了具有调味功能之外,前期大量的文献报道了其抑制血压升高、控制血糖、促进矿物质吸收等多种功能,但是对于其中发酵菌株的功能研究较少。最近研究报告指出,醋酸菌菌体能够作为全新的活性主体发挥新的功能,包括减轻酒精性肝损伤,对免疫调节和肠道菌群的调节等都有积极作用。该文主要对醋酸菌菌体的免疫调节、肠道菌群调节等全新保健功能及其作用机制进行综述介绍,有望为近一步探索醋酸菌保健功能、开发新型食醋产品提供理论指导。 相似文献