基于多特征融合与GSA-SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承在故障诊断过程中，存在着单一特征诊断准确率较低且无法充分表征故障信号所包含信息的问题。提出一种基于局部线性嵌入算法(Locally Linear Embedding, LLE)结合熵权法(the Entropy Weight Method, EWM)的多特征融合方法，结合引力搜索算法(Gravitational Search Algorithm, GSA)改进支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)实现滚动轴承的故障诊断。首先采用LLE-EWM对提取到的48维故障特征进行筛选融合，然后结合GSA-SVM模型对提取到的融合特征进行诊断，从而实现对滚动轴承变负载条件下的故障诊断。通过凯斯西储大学滚动轴承实测振动信号，对所提故障融合诊断方法的有效性进行验证。在特征筛选阈值设定为60%时，滚动轴承故障诊断的准确率达到99.7%。对比不同模型，所提方法具有最高的诊断准确率。试验结果表明，所提方法能够实现对故障信号特征信息的深度提取及提高故障诊断精度。     

基于离散小波变换和随机森林的轴承故障诊断研究

针对不同工况下数据特征选择困难和单一分类器在滚动轴承故障诊断中识别率较低等问题,提出了一种基于离散小波变换和随机森林相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用离散小波变换分解振动信号,得到n层近似系数;然后创新性地采用sigmoid熵构造出n维特征向量,sigmoid熵能较好地提取非平稳信号的特征,提高诊断准确率;最后采用随机森林对滚动轴承不同故障信号进行分类。实验采用西储凯斯大学轴承数据中心网站提供的轴承数据,与传统分类器(KNN和SVM)以及单个分类回归树CART进行对比分析,结果表明该方法具有更好的诊断效果。     

数据融合在APMP盘磨故障诊断中的应用研究

针对碱性过氧化氢化学机械浆(APMP)盘磨故障诊断在同一征兆域中很难区分多种故障的实际情况,利用其他征兆域的诊断信息进行了全局信息融合的研究.在数据处理的检测层、特征层、决策层上分别提出了不同的数据融合算法,即检测层采用小波包分析的融合方法提取故障特征,特征层通过神经网络的融合为决策层的D-S证据理论提供可信度分配.试验数据表明,通过三个层面的优势互补,可以使证据理论的可信度分配不再完全依赖主观专家经验;利用各种故障的冗余和互补信息,可提高诊断的准确率.     

基于LCD和改进SVM的轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承极易损伤,振动信号表现出非线性、非平稳性等特点,提出一种基于局部特征尺度分解(LCD)和改进支持向量机(SVM)的滚动轴承故障诊断算法。首先对采集到的轴承振动信号进行LCD,分解得到一系列内禀尺度分量(ISC),通过与经验模态分解(EMD)对比研究,证明了LCD方法的优越性;然后计算所有分量的能量熵值,提取出轴承信号的敏感特征集,输入到经过遗传算法(GA)进行参数优选后的SVM识别模型进行轴承状态的诊断识别。实验研究表明,基于LCD和改进SVM的轴承诊断算法能较好地提取出轴承故障特征信息,对4种轴承状态的识别率高达90%,是一种较为有效的轴承故障诊断方法。     

基于变分模态分解和混沌麻雀搜索算法优化支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号中的故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)和混沌麻雀搜索算法(CSSA)优化支持向量机(SVM)的故障诊断方法.首先,利用VMD处理滚动轴承信号,提取本征模态分量(IMF)的能量谱和能量熵作为故障特征向量;其次,通过引入改进Tent混沌映射和自适应t分布策略,加入边界探索和警戒解除机制,对麻雀搜索算法(SSA)进行改进;最后,采用CSSA-SVM模型进行滚动轴承故障的识别和诊断.实验结果表明,CSSA-SVM模型能够有效识别滚动轴承的故障类型,拥有更高的诊断精度.     

基于多传感器数据融合技术的电子设备故障诊断

针对电子装备故障诊断中单一类型故障特征量和诊断方法无法完成诊断任务,导致故障诊断率不高的问题,将多传感器数据融合技术应用于多注速调管发射机装备故障诊断。构建故障诊断模型,提出把故障诊断过程分为两个层次。首先,借助不同的神经网络实现多输入信号的函数变换的功能,获得各种故障基本概率分配值;然后,在决策层利用D-S证据理论的合成法则将各神经网络诊断结果融合起来统一判决,得到最终综合诊断结果,通过实例仿真,并与初步诊断结果进行比较,结果表明早期故障识别率大大提高。     

滚动轴承故障诊断的仿真研究

研究滚动轴承故障诊断问题,故障振动信号具有非平稳性、突变性。由于运行中噪声影响识别故障信号,传统傅立叶变换或单一小波分析难以对特征信号进行准确提取,导致滚动轴承故障诊断正确率较低。为了提高了滚动轴承故障诊断正确率,提出一种小波分析和Hilbert变换的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先采用小波分析对采集滚动轴承信号进行分解,消除噪声信息,然后采用Hilbert变换对信号进行进一步精细分解。利用MATLAB软件对滚动轴承故障进行仿真,仿真结果表明,改进算法提高了滚动轴承故障诊断正确率,很适合处理滚动轴承的故障信号。     

基于经验模态分解和支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断

本文针对滚动轴承的故障诊断问题,首先提出一种自适应波形匹配的延拓方法对经验模态分解(EMD)存在的端点效应进行改进,然后基于改进的EMD和粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化的支持向量机(SVM)设计了一种两阶段的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.离线阶段对典型的正常、故障振动信号进行EMD分解并提取能量信息作为特征,送入PSO–SVM进行训练并保存模型待用,在线阶段对实时的振动信号进行EMD分解并提取特征,利用离线阶段训练好的模型进行诊断并输出诊断结果.使用美国西储大学轴承数据对该方法进行了验证,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

经验模态分解结合包络谱LSSVM的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障诊断问题,提出了经验模态分解(EMD)包络谱分析结合最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)方法用于滚动轴承的故障诊断。EMD具有自适应性,可以有效分析非平稳,非线性信号。利用EMD将轴承信号分解为由高频到低频的固有模态函数(IMF),选取前4个主要包含轴承故障频率的IMF函数进行包络谱分析,采用每个分量函数的特征频率和轴承的时域特征作为轴承故障的识别特征,结合LSSVM方法建立轴承故障诊断定性识别模型。结果表明：单独采用频率特征的LSSVM判别模型无法实现轴承故障的准确识别,其正确识别率仅为82.5%;采用频率特征结合时域特征的LSSVM模型可以实现轴承故障类型的100%准确识别。EMD包络谱分析结合模式识别的方法可以实现轴承故障类型的有效识别。     

基于参数优化VMD和样本熵的滚动轴承故障诊断EI北大核心CSCD

针对滚动轴承故障特征提取不丰富而导致的诊断识别率低的情况,提出了基于参数优化变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)和样本熵的特征提取方法,采用支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)进行故障识别.VMD方法的分解效果受限于分解个数和惩罚因子的选取,本文分析了这两个影响参数选取的不规律性,采用遗传变异粒子群算法进行参数优化,利用参数优化的VMD方法处理故障信号.样本熵在衡量滚动轴承振动信号的复杂度时,得到的熵值并不总是和信号的复杂度相关,故结合滚动轴承的故障机理,提出基于滚动轴承故障机理的样本熵,此样本熵衡量振动信号的复杂度与机理分析的结果一致.仿真实验表明,利用本文提出的特征提取方法,滚动轴承的故障诊断准确率有明显的提高.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.