茶多酚磁性白蛋白微球的制备

探索茶多酚磁性白蛋白微球的制备工艺,用作治疗肿瘤的新型动脉栓塞制剂。采用喷雾干燥法,以无抗原性的白蛋白为骨架材料,制备茶多酚微球。再将其加入一定的壳聚糖溶液中,同时加入适量磁粉,利用超声波混匀,加入少量戊二醛进行固化,真空干燥后得到茶多酚磁性微球。通过差示扫描量热法对茶多酚微球进行热分析,确认微球制备过程中茶多酚未发生变性。制备茶多酚白蛋白微球的最佳条件为:进风温度110℃、进料速度3.13mL/min、芯壁材比为2∶1、总固形物含量为2%,此时微球包封率最大。通过差示扫描量热法对茶多酚微球和茶多酚原样进行热分析,得到两者有相似的相变峰,表明在微球制备过程中茶多酚未发生变性。茶多酚磁性白蛋白微球的粒径为30μm,符合动脉栓塞制剂要求。采用本方法制备茶多酚磁性微球可行,有望成为新型治疗肿瘤动脉栓塞制剂。     

蚕丝蛋白微球制备方法的研究进展

蚕丝蛋白微球是目前国内外药物缓释研究的热点。综述了基于不同原理和方法制备丝蛋白缓释微球的研究现状及其难以产业化的原因,分析了现有丝蛋白微球加工成型中存在的问题,提出了可能的解决方案,展望了丝蛋白微球制备和其应用前景。     

淀粉微球的制备及应用研究进展

综述了反相乳液法制备淀粉微球的机理、方法、预处理方法的研究进展,介绍了淀粉微球作为药物载体在医药领域的应用,并提出了淀粉微球在制备和应用中存在的问题及发展前景.     

SPG膜乳化法制备田蓟苷微球

目的采用SPG膜乳化技术制备田蓟苷微球,并对其理化性质进行考察。方法以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]为载体,球径、平均粒径、微球不粘黏程度为考察指标,通过单因素以及星点设计,筛选出制备微球的最佳工艺,然后包载药物田蓟苷,制备田蓟苷微球,最后考察其理化性质。结果经最佳工艺制得的微球平均粒径为(20.72±2.95)μm,包封率大于70%,载药量大于1.5%,经扫描电镜观察,微球表面光滑圆整,差示热分析(differential scanning calorimeter,DSC)结果表明微球中包裹药物田蓟苷。结论该方法简便易行,制备的微球粒径均匀,符合微球制备要求。     

氨基化聚苯乙烯微球的制备及在克伦特罗抗体纯化中的应用

进行氨基聚苯乙烯微球制备方法及其应用于克伦特罗抗体纯化的研究。通过分散聚合法制备聚苯乙烯微球,硝基反应成硝基化聚苯乙烯微球,再还原成氨基化微球。并利用电子显微镜及红外光谱仪对微球形态及结构进行表征。成功制备氨基聚苯乙烯微球后,将微球与盐酸克伦特罗分子发生重氮化反应,得到连接克伦特罗分子的微球。将这种微球免疫亲和吸附分离盐酸克伦特罗的抗体。最后将纯化后的抗体通过紫外检测,电泳检测等方法证明所制备的微球用于抗体的纯化可行。     

超声波辅助对乳化交联工艺制备丝素蛋白微球形貌的影响

为解决经乳化交联工艺制备的丝素蛋白空白微球极易发生集聚且粒径分布不匀的问题,在乳化交联过程中采用了超声波辅助工艺,探讨其对微球聚集、形貌的影响规律。借助激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜分析了微球的粒度分布和形貌特征。研究结果表明:无超声波辅助下,乳化交联工艺制备微球的平均粒径为15.08 μm,粒径标准偏差(SD)为0.515,聚集现象明显;超声波辅助后,微球平均粒径随超声频率和超声功率的增加而减小,在 45 kHz、100 W的超声波条件下制备的微球粒径减小至原来的26%,微球的SD值同时降低,证明超声波辅助可显著改善微球的团聚现象,促进微球粒径的均匀分布。     

高分子聚合物栓塞微球的研究进展

为促进高分子聚合物栓塞微球向更高载药率、药物可控释、多功能化方向发展,综述了栓塞微球的作用机制,以及壳聚糖、海藻酸盐等高分子聚合物作为药物载体材料的制备特性;介绍了乳化交联法、离子凝胶法等栓塞微球制备技术,装载水溶性、脂溶性等药物的载药微球的制备特点。最后指出选择合适的载体材料或者多种材料复合的方式可提高微球载药率,使得药物可控释放,根据所负载药物的特性选择合适的微球制备方法可实现高载药率。认为未来栓塞微球的研究应向多功能化方向发展,如负载靶向化疗药的微球、具有靶向性的微球、缓解栓塞疼痛感或癌痛的微球、具有光热效应的微球、降解速度可控的微球等,可为促进栓塞微球在治疗肿瘤方面的研究与应用提供参考。     

基于桉木预水解液的多形态碳微球的制备研究

以桉木溶解浆生产过程中的副产物预水解液为原料,采用水热碳化工艺对预水解液进行处理,以制备碳微球。探讨了水热碳化过程中聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸-马来酸共聚物）钠盐（PSSMA）用量对碳微球形貌及得率的影响,并探究了不同结构碳微球的成形机理。结果表明,预水解液是制备碳微球的理想碳源,PSSMA可通过在碳微球表面提供静电斥力以调控碳微球形貌,使碳微球由交联的球簇结构转变为单分散微球结构和微球超结构。随着PSSMA用量增加和碳化时间的延长,碳微球及其超结构的粒径均呈先下降再趋于平缓的趋势;但PSSMA对碳微球得率的影响较小。     

蜂胶乙基纤维素微球的核心结构表征

采用液中干燥法制备了蜂胶乙基纤维素微球。以扫描电镜(SEM)表征了微球的形貌结构和核心结构。在微球剖面内部,呈现一种典型的实心微球结构,并存在大量均匀分布的规则微孔,孔径约2～4μm。     

微球的制备技术及其在制革工业中的应用

微球是一种具有聚合物壁的微型密封容器,其制备是通过微胶囊化过程实现的。本文综述了微球的结构,并介绍了几种常见的微球制备方法及其特点。微球作为一种新型的功能材料,应用广泛,文中着重介绍了微球在皮革涂饰剂、皮革消光补伤剂、皮革鞣剂等领域的应用。     

Evaluation and comparison of portable emissions measurement systems and federal reference methods for emissions from a back-up generator and a diesel truck operated on a chassis dynamometer

There is considerable interest in portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for emission inventory and regulatory applications. For this study, four commercial PEMS were compared with a Federal Reference Method (FRM) for measuring emissions from a back-up generator (BUG) over steady-state loads and a diesel truck on transient and steady-state chassis dynamometer tests. The agreement between the PEMS and the FRM varied depending on the pollutant and the particular PEMS tested for both the BUG and chassis dynamometer testing. The best performing PEMS for both the BUG and chassis testing was within approximately 12% for NOx of the FRM. For the BUG testing, several PEMS showed agreement with the FRM within approximately 5% for CO2. For the chassis dynamometer testing, the best PEMS showed agreement typically within approximately 5% for CO2. PM measurements for the BUG testing were low compared to the FRM, with the best measurements approximately 20% lower. For the chassis testing, two PM PEMS showed a good correlation but a high bias, while the correlation was worse for the other two PEMS. For each emissions component, some PEMS under different test conditions showed considerably larger deviations than those for the best performing PEMS.     

Quantifying in-use PM measurements for heavy duty diesel vehicles

Heavy duty emissions regulations have recently expanded from the laboratory to include in-use requirements. This paradigm shift to in-use testing has forced the development of portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for particulate matter (PM). These PM measurements are not trivial for laboratory work, and are even more complex for in-use testing. This study evaluates five PM PEMS in comparison to UCR's mobile reference laboratory under in-use conditions. Three on-highway, heavy-duty trucks were selected to provide PM emissions levels from 0.1 to 0.0003 g/hp-h, with varying compositions of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate. The on-road driving courses included segments near sea level, at elevations up to 1500 m, and coastal and desert regions. The photoacoustic measurement PEMS performed best for the non-after treatment system (ATS)-equipped engine, where the PM was mostly EC, with a linear regression slope of 0.91 and an R(2) of 0.95. The PEMS did not perform as well for the 2007 modified ATS equipped engines. The best performing PEMS showed a slope of 0.16 for the ATS-equipped engine with predominantly sulfate emissions and 0.89 for the ATS-equipped engine with predominantly OC emissions, with the next best slope at 0.45 for the predominantly OC engine.     

Evaluation of response time of a portable system for in-use vehicle tailpipe emissions measurement

The objective of this paper is to quantify and evaluate the effects of response time of a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The PEMS measures tailpipe emissions and vehicle dynamics on a second-by-second basis. Response times of the PEMS for exhaust concentrations were quantified on the basis of fixed periods of measurement of calibration gases for NO, hydrocarbons (HC), CO, and CO2. The time constant was quantified on the basis of the time to reach 63% of the maximum measured value when calibration gas was continuously administered for a period of typically 20 s or more. The time constant was found to be 6 s for NO and 3 s each for CO, HC, and CO2. Measurement errors associated with the response time of the PEMS were quantified. A first-order dynamic discrete model was developed to simulate the instrument measurements. Simulations showed that correction improves the measurement accuracy. Correction with smoothing better improves the measurement accuracy, especially when the noise is relatively large. On a trip level, the average error of the simulated measurements relative to the simulated signal before correction is -4%, which is deemed to be acceptable. For real-world data, smoothing and correction is recommended for major peaks to improve the measurement accuracy.     

Evaluation of representativeness of site-specific fuel-based vehicle emission factors for route average emissions

An approach to evaluate the representativeness of site-specific fuel-based vehicle emission factors, such as would be obtained using Remote Sensing Devices (RSDs) is demonstrated based on real-world data for 23 selected light duty gasoline vehicles. Real time vehicle route-average emissions rates were measured using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) for a variety of road types and traffic characteristics. Several hypothetical remote sensing sites were selected to estimate site-specific fuel-based emission factors. The average fuel-based emission factors increased with vehicle specific power (VSP) and varied by a factor of 3 and 4 for NO(x) and CO, respectively. The route average emission factors varied by approximately 20% for either NO(x) or CO. The site-specific emission factors varied among specific sites by 20 and 30% for NO(x) and CO, respectively. Fuel-based HC emission rates had little variability with engine load, among routes, or between sites. Arbitrarily chosen sites can lead to potential biases for CO and NO(x) if measured emission factors are used for route average rates and, therefore, for area-wide inventories. However, site-specific emission factors have the potential to be representative of area-wide emission rates if the distribution of positive VSP at the site is similar to that of routes or area-wide cycles of interest.     

纯种根霉麸曲在清香型白酒生产中的应用

我们进行对比试验,糖化剂的总用量为１０％,一组用１０％的Ａｓ．３４３０９麸曲,一组用４％的根霉麸曲和６％的Ａｓ．３４３０９麸曲,发酵剂酒精酵母和生香酵母的用量相同。每池投粮２０００ｋｇ,共试验６批,加入根霉麸曲的试验组比用快曲的组无论是在出酒率还是白酒的总酯总酸含量上均有很大的提高,每１０００ｍｌ白酒中总酯含量由０．５４ｇ提高到１．５７ｇ,提高了近两倍,总酸由０．３５ｇ提高到０．６７ｇ,提高了９１．４％,出酒率由４４．２０％提高到４５．３８％,比原来提高了１．１８％。经评品加入根霉麸曲的白酒优于Ａｓ．３４３０９快曲的白酒。     

不同种类人参及其各部位中皂苷组成和比例的研究

研究了不同种类人参中皂苷含量 ,以及人参不同部位中的皂苷成分及比例。总皂苷含量测定结果为 ,三七参根中含 14 .2 % ,西洋参须中含 10 .1% ,人参根中含 4.4% ,人参头中含 8.6% ,人参皮中含 6.7% ,人参叶中含 7.7% ,人参须中含 9.9%。对西洋参须、三七参根及吉林产的人参头、人参皮、人参叶、人参根、人参须中的总皂苷作TLC检测及薄层扫描表明 ,三七参根中Rg1含量最高 ,西洋参须中Rb1含量最高 ,人参根中Rd的含量可以忽略 ,人参叶中含有特征皂苷F2 ;它们的Rb1/Rg1值分别为 ,西洋参须中 2 2 .2 ,三七参根中 0 .6,人参头中 4.3 ,人参皮中 6.7,人参叶中 0 .2 ,人参根中 2 .4,人参须中 11.9。     

即食贻贝脱腥及调味工艺研究

研究利用贻贝生产半干态即食食品,运用感官模糊综合评判法确定最佳调味工艺。利用茉莉花茶水和姜汁的复合液对贻贝进行脱腥实验研究,均匀实验设计确定脱腥工艺条件。实验结果表明:脱腥的最佳工艺参数为茉莉花茶水的添加量3.0%,姜汁添加量1.0%,脱腥温度40℃,脱腥时间100min;最佳调味工艺为白砂糖添加量10.0%,味精添加量2.0%,精盐添加量5.0%,调味时间70min。此工艺条件下所得贻贝即食食品口感好,营养丰富,是理想的健康食品。     

棉亚麻色织大格布的设计与生产

研发了一款棉亚麻色织大格布.采用筒子染色,整经卷绕密度0.47 g/cm3,整经速度800 m/min,压辊加压1.4 kN;浆纱机车速60 m/min,浆液黏度11 s,浆液含固率12％,上浆率11％±0.5％;穿经采用飞穿法;织机开口时间290°,上机张力1300 N,车速700 r/min.通过工艺设计与优化,织...     

惠州市售猪肉和猪肝中重金属元素残留的抽检检测报告分析

本文采用湿法消解,原子吸收火焰法测定猪肝中的铜,原子吸收石墨炉法测定猪肝中的镉和铬;采用干法灰化,原子吸收火焰法测定猪饲料中铜含量.通过对惠州地区市售的猪肝(30份)和猪肉(30份)进行检测,发现猪肝和猪肉中的镉含量为0.01～0.16mg/kg,铬含量为0.10～0.88 mg/kg,合格率均为100％;猪肝中铜含量为4.90～78.9 mg/kg,合格率仅为50.0％.猪肉中铜含量为0.23～0.87mg/kg,合格率为100％;生长育肥猪后期配合饲料中铜含量0.29～69.0 mg/kg,合格率95.0％.调查表明惠州地区市售猪肉中铜、镉和铬元素残留量合格,猪肝中镉、铬残留量合格,铜残留量较高;市售育肥后期猪饲料中存在铜严重超标的现象.     

不同产区小米品质特性比较研究

以辽宁、山东安丘和临朐上林三产区小米为样品进行品质特性的研究。结果显示,不同产区小米的千粒重和粒径比较,辽宁小米最大,临朐上林次之,安丘最低;不同产区小米化学成分比较,粗蛋白:临朐上林小米的含量最高为11.98%,其次为安丘,辽宁最低;粗脂肪含量比较:安丘小米最高为3.25%,临朐上林和辽宁小米次之;粗淀粉含量比较:辽宁小米最高为85.85%,临朐上林和安丘小米相对含量偏低;水分含量比较:临朐上林小米最高,辽宁和安丘次之;不同产区小米破花率比较,辽宁小米破花率最高,其次是临朐上林,安丘小米最低;感官评价方面,临朐上林小米明显优于辽宁和安丘;RVA黏度比较,辽宁小米糊化温度最低76.23℃,时间最短5.17 min。综合得出,山东临朐上林小米品质较好。对临朐上林地区土壤成分进行检测得出:上林土样有机质含量非常高,达到53.50 g/kg。