膨胀型防火涂料作用过程分析与成膜剂的选择

探讨了膨胀防火涂料作用原理和作用过程,并介绍了膨胀防火涂料常用成膜剂优缺点,针对不同的防火涂料品种选择合适的成膜物质。     

纯丙乳胶防火涂料稳定性影响因素的研究

以纯丙乳液为主要成膜物质制备了防火性能优异,贮存稳定的防火涂料;探讨了分散剂、增稠剂、成膜助剂对乳胶防火涂料体系稳定性的影响。     

水性防火涂料配方研究

介绍了水性防火涂料的机理,叙述了硅丙乳液膨胀型防火涂料研制过程中的材料选择及阻燃剂体系的配方优化,对该涂料的理化性能和防火性能进行了测定。实验结果表明:以硅丙乳液为成膜物质配制成的水性防火涂料理化性能优良,防火性能达到国家饰面型防火涂料一级标准。     

膨胀型过氯乙烯防火涂料

介绍了以过氯乙烯为成膜物质 ,添加成炭剂、脱水催化剂、发泡剂制备膨胀型防火涂料的组成、工艺、性能和防火效果。采用正交试验法讨论了主要组成成分对涂料的防火性能的影响     

水性聚脲基膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的研究

为了提高水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的耐火性能,探究了水性成膜物质和各原料用量对耐火性能的影响。以低活性端氨基聚醚为关键原料,合成了非离子型水性聚脲,并以合成的水性聚脲为成膜物质制备了水性聚脲基膨胀型钢结构防火涂料。采用《超薄型钢结构防火涂料防火性能快速测试方法》对小试配方进行快速筛选,考察了水性聚脲、钛白粉和陶瓷纤维的添加量对其耐火性能的影响。结果表明：以水性聚脲 B为成膜物质,当水性聚脲添加量 20%、钛白粉添加量 16%、陶瓷纤维添加量 1. 0%时,制备得到的膨胀型钢结构防火涂料耐火性能最佳。对优选配方按照 GB 14907— 2018《钢结构防火涂料》进行耐火性能测试,耐火性能为 1. 27 h/1. 43 mm、1. 68 h/2. 05 mm和 2. 02 h/2. 79 mm,耐火性能较高。     

膨胀型丙烯酸树脂防火涂料的研制

本文叙述了膨胀型丙烯酸防火涂料研制过程中的材料选择、优化配方,对该涂料的防火性能进行了测定。实验结果表明,由丙烯酸乳乳液为成膜物质配制而成的产品可用于建筑物、装璜材料的表面涂装,是一种具有较好阻燃性的二级防火涂料。     

空心微珠对膨胀型涂料防火性能的影响

以苯丙乳液为成膜物质,聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇为膨胀阻燃体系,以空心玻璃微珠为阻燃协效剂制备了几种防火涂料。用锥形量热仪和小室法研究其燃烧和耐火性能。试验结果表明,空心玻璃微珠会显著提高防火涂料的防火性能。     

改性聚磷酸铵在室内水性超薄型钢结构防火涂料中的应用

以苯丙乳液为成膜物质,加入改性超细聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PER)和三聚氰胺(MEL),制备了超薄钢结构防火涂料。采用单因素水平试验,考察了不同分散剂及阻燃剂对钢结构防火涂料防水性能的影响,依据GB14907-2002测试了涂料的理化性能和防火性能。涂料的各项理化性能指标均已达到或超过国家标准,耐水时间48 h,耐火时间达到80 min。     

基料树脂对超薄型钢结构防火涂料性能的影响

分析了不同基料树脂对超薄型钢结构防火涂料性能如发泡能力、涂层的质量损失百分比、发泡层的硬度和致密性的影响,介绍了不同基料树脂的优缺点,指出选择合适的成膜物质,对提高超薄型钢结构防火涂料的性能是至关重要的环节。     

水性防火阻尼双功能涂料的制备

以2种不同玻璃化转变温度的乳液共混作为成膜物质,加入防火助剂、无机填料和增强材料,制备了一种水性防火阻尼双功能涂料。采用防火性能测试装置、动态黏弹谱仪(DMA)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了乳液和碱式硫酸镁晶须(MHSH)对涂料防火及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:低玻璃化转变温度乳液的加入可以提高涂料低温区的阻尼性能,但会降低涂料的防火性能。在此基础上加入适量MHSH,涂料的防火性能和阻尼性能均有提升。当乳液加入量为24%,MHSH加入量为3%时,可得到防火和阻尼综合性能均较优的双功能涂料。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.