金刚线切割多晶硅片表面减反射绒面的制备

为解决金刚线切割多晶硅片表面制绒的问题,提出了一种创新的两步腐蚀制备硅表面陷光结构的方法。先以浓硫酸作为添加剂去除表面线痕,然后通过酸雾腐蚀法获得一种微米纳米复合的多孔陷光结构。样品在300～1100nm波长范围内的平均光反射率被降至8.6%,减反射效果优良,少子寿命提升0.6μs以上。此方法具有操作简单,无需复杂设备,成本低等优点,易实现工业化生产。     

两步酸修饰的多晶硅绒面结构

本文提出两步法制备多晶硅表面绒面技术,用两次化学腐蚀修饰多晶硅片的表面。实验中首先采用腐蚀液HF/NaNO2/H2O对多晶硅表面进行腐蚀,然后采用腐蚀液HF/HNO3/（NH4）2C2O4/H2O对其表面进一步修饰。通过多晶硅SEM表面形貌图分析,两步法修饰的多晶硅表面有形状如蚯蚓状的腐蚀坑,腐蚀坑的深度和分布密度相对较大。通过反射谱分析了多晶硅片表面陷光效果,并与用其它方法修饰的硅表面陷光效果进行了对比,与传统配方HF/HNO3/H2O获得的多晶硅表面相比,综合平均反射率下降了7%左右。这种方法获得的多晶硅表面能有效收集太阳光,有利于提高太阳能电池的转换效率。     

单晶黑硅微结构对其反射率影响的研究

采用Ag辅助化学腐蚀法在不同H2O2浓度、腐蚀温度和腐蚀时间条件下制备了单晶黑硅微结构,并系统地研究了这种微结构对表面反射率的影响规律。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜对样品形貌进行了观察,并利用分光光度计对样品的表面反射率进行了测试,最终采用陷光模型对黑硅微结构与其反射率的关系进行了深入分析。发现当腐蚀液为7.8mol/L HF和0.6mol/L H2O2混合液、腐蚀温度为20℃以及腐蚀时间为90s时,所制备黑硅的腐蚀深度为900nm,其表面平均反射率为0.98%(400~900nm)。     

一种新型腐蚀剂——醋酸钠溶液对单晶硅太阳电池表面织构化的作用

对晶向为(100)的p型单晶硅片进行表面刻蚀,制作减反射绒面。选用了一种新型的腐蚀剂,即醋酸钠(CH3COONa)溶液,用来腐蚀单晶硅太阳电池。通过分别改变醋酸钠溶液的浓度、温度以及腐蚀时间对硅片表面进行腐蚀发现,经醋酸钠溶液腐蚀后在硅片表面形成腐蚀坑大小适中、分布均匀的绒面结构。在醋酸钠溶液的质量分数为20%、温度为95℃、时间为40min的条件下腐蚀单晶硅片,在波长为700～1000nm之间获得较低的平均表面反射率,且最佳平均反射率为12.14%。从实验结果和成本因素考虑,这种腐蚀剂的成本很低,不易污染环境且重复性好,有利于大规模工业化制绒。     

湿法腐蚀硅片并生长氧化锌纳米棒作为太阳能电池减反层研究

在硅基太阳能电池表面制备减反层可以有效降低硅表面的反射率, 提高吸收率, 从而提高硅基太阳能电池的光电转换效率。本研究利用四甲基氢氧化铵(Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide TMAH)溶液对(100)单晶硅进行各向异性腐蚀, 在表面腐蚀出金字塔结构, 得到了最低为6%左右的反射率。然后采用水热法在该衬底生长氧化锌纳米棒, 得到了最低小于3%的反射率, 比单采用腐蚀或者ZnO纳米棒生长的硅表面的反射率更低。这种减反方法工艺简单、高效, 有望得到应用。     

多晶硅太阳电池表面激光织构工艺研究

采用激光刻蚀,辅以化学溶液腐蚀对多晶硅片进行了表面织构.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、Helios LAB-rc反射率测试仪和Semilab WT2000少子寿命仪对样品进行了表征.结果表明,多晶硅表面经激光织构后表现出很好的陷光效果,反射率降低为8.0％.激光织构使硅片的少子寿命缩短,通过沉积Al2O3钝化薄膜可改善多晶硅片的电学性能.     

氮化硅减反射膜制备工艺对组织结构及折射率影响的研究

太阳能电池是一种清洁能源,近年来发展迅猛。减反射膜能大幅减少太阳能电池对光线的反射,从而提高电池光电转化率。为优化减反射效果,减反射膜设计多样,包括单层膜、双层膜、三层膜和多层膜,膜层不同对薄膜材料的折射率要求不同。氮化硅薄膜是一种优秀的硅基太阳能减反射膜,其折射率在1.78～2.5之间,调控范围广。本文采用脉冲激光沉积法制备氮化硅减反射膜,研究不同工艺参数对硅片上沉积的氮化硅薄膜性能的影响。     

太阳电池组件上纳米多孔SiO_2减反射膜的制备和增透性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米多孔SiO_2减反射薄膜,通过对不同制备工艺的探索(如陈化时间、提拉速度)以及所制备的纳米SiO_2薄膜的微观结构的研究,探究SiO_2溶胶特性对薄膜结构的影响以及薄膜纳米结构对其光透过率的影响,寻找最优化的制备工艺制备纳米多孔SiO_2减反射薄膜,进一步提高太阳电池组件上超白玻璃的透过率问题. 结果表明以氨水为催化剂、陈化时间为4天、提拉速度为1.25mm/s的工艺制备减反射薄膜效果最好. 在超白玻璃盖板上镀减反射膜后, 透过率 (400～1100nm)由90%提高到96%,对太阳电池组件应用可进一步增加6%左右的可见光利用.     

多孔硅表面氧化钒热敏电阻薄膜的阻温特性

用电化学腐蚀法制备了具有不同导热系数的多孔硅样品(孔隙率为80％±2、厚度为110μm时,导热系数可降低至0．20 W／m·K),并在其表面沉积了氧化钒热敏薄膜,研究了多孔硅样品的热绝缘性能对氧化钒热敏薄膜阻温特性的影响．结果表明:多孔硅良好的热绝缘性使在其表面制备的氧化钒热敏薄膜电阻的灵敏度远高于在硅基底上制备的热敏电阻的(多孔硅和硅片上的氧化钒薄膜电阻随功率变化斜率分别为120 kΩ／μW和2．1 kΩ／μW),且热敏电阻的灵敏度随着多孔硅孔隙率和厚度的增大而升高．     

多层减反射膜对PERC太阳电池性能的影响

优化晶体硅材料的光学特性,可有效提高晶体硅太阳能电池的光电转换效率.采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法,在钝化发射极和背表面太阳电池(PERC)上成功制备出叠层结构的多层减反射薄膜提升硅材料的光学特性.研究结果表明,正面使用二氧化硅(SiO2)、氮化硅(SiNx)、氮氧化硅作为器件的叠层介质膜,将SiO2/Si优良的界面性质和SiNx、氮氧化硅稳定的化学性质结合起来,使器件具有稳定的钝化特性.在叠层结构器件中,Si O 2作为缓冲层有利于减少光学损失和钝化表面缺陷态,薄的SiO2几乎不会对多层减反结构产生干扰.SiNx可以有效降低光在器件表面的光学反射率,增加光的透射从而减少器件本身的光学损失.氨气有助于强化氢气在硅片表面的扩散,降低长波的光学损失和降低表面复合速率.PECVD制备的氮氧化硅在短波区域具有很好的吸收效果,表面复合速率明显下降,有效提高器件的短波响应.与此同时,经过热处理的减反射薄膜还可以钝化器件的缺陷,最终提升太阳能电池的减反射性能和钝化性能.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.