316L不锈钢在高温酸碱溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

采用慢应变速率拉伸实验方法,研究了高温高压水环境中pH值对316L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响规律,并通过扫描电镜对试样断口形貌进行分析。结果表明:在300℃时,316L不锈钢在酸性和碱性溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性较大,且酸性越强,敏感性越大。在中性溶液中,316L不锈钢的强度和塑性损失较小,应力腐蚀敏感性较小,断口分析与之吻合。     

外加电位对316L不锈钢在硼酸溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸 (SSRT) 实验,结合不同扫描速率下的动电位极化曲线,对316L不锈钢在动电位极化曲线不同区下的应力腐蚀开裂 (SCC) 敏感性以及腐蚀机理进行了研究。通过断口的SEM形貌进一步分析了316L不锈钢在硼酸溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂机理。结果表明,在近中性硼酸溶液环境下,外加电位对应力腐蚀开裂敏感性具有一定影响;当外加电位处于钝化区和过钝化区时,其SCC机制是由阳极溶解控制,且随着电位的升高其SCC敏感性增大;外加电位为-600 mV时,开裂机制为氢致开裂,此时316L不锈钢有最大SCC敏感性。     

316L不锈钢在普光净化厂含氯胺液中的应力腐蚀开裂

普光气田净化厂胺液(MDEA溶液)系统大量采用了316L不锈钢材料,设计之初预计集输流程会分离所有氯离子,但实际使用过程中,发现胺液中的氯离子含量逐渐升高,最高达到8 000μg/g。为评估普光气田胺液系统中316L不锈钢的使用安全性,通过模拟工况应力腐蚀试验研究了316L不锈钢在含氯胺液中的应力腐蚀开裂行为。结果表明:胺液具有很好的保护性能,316L钢在高含硫含氯胺液环境中具有很好的韧性,未发生应力腐蚀开裂。研究认为,胺液中的特殊环境,使得具有毒化功能的硫离子被络合,从而避免了发生硫化物应力腐蚀开裂的可能性。而胺液的碱性环境,也使得发生氯化物应力腐蚀开裂的门槛值显著上升。     

氯化铁溶液中316L和HR-2不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究

分别采用浸泡腐蚀实验、电化学测试技术、扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)分析技术和慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)及应力腐蚀(SCC)实验方法对比研究了316L和HR-2奥氏体不锈钢在三氯化铁溶液中的腐蚀行为,并探讨了腐蚀机理。结果表明,不受力条件下316L和HR-2不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能均较好,316L钢呈现出较轻的点腐蚀现象。在动态拉应力作用下,316L和HR-2不锈钢均表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,原因是拉应力促进了不锈钢表面钝化膜的破裂,加速应力腐蚀裂纹的萌生和扩展。316L不锈钢的SCC敏感性稍高于HR-2不锈钢,归因于316L不锈钢点蚀敏感性稍高,因而表面钝化膜在动态拉伸载荷作用下更易于破裂。     

316L 不锈钢在高 pH 碱性硫化物环境中的应力腐蚀行为

目的研究316L不锈钢在碱性硫化物溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,为其在碱性环境中的适用性提供参考依据。方法采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗(EIS)测量技术、慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)、U形弯试样浸泡试验以及SEM腐蚀形貌分析方法。结果 316L不锈钢试样在碱性硫化物溶液中具有较低的应力腐蚀(SCC)敏感性,腐蚀机理主要为阳极溶解型,且SCC敏感性随着p H升高而降低。结论316L不锈钢试样在碱性Na Cl/Na2S溶液中虽然表现出应力腐蚀特征,但敏感性较低,适用于该实验模拟的碱性溶液中。     

温度对高温水中奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂速率的影响

温度是影响核电站材料在高温水冷却剂中应力腐蚀开裂的关键参数之一。测试和分析了温度对不同外加应力水平下不同屈服强度奥氏体不锈钢在高温纯水中应力腐蚀开裂速率的影响。发现在110℃~288℃温度范围内,冷加工316L不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂扩展速率为热激活过程。应力腐蚀开裂速率的表观活化能与温度区间、应力强度因子大小和屈服强度有关。分析了试验结果与文献报道的温度影响奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的几种类型和相关联的因素。     

316L不锈钢短接过早腐蚀开裂的机制与预防

分析了盐化工环境中316L不锈钢短接腐蚀裂纹的宏观特征、微观形貌及显微组织,研究了卤水介质参数及短接制造工艺对316L不锈钢腐蚀的影响。结果表明:短接过早失效的机制是点蚀和应力腐蚀开裂;短接点蚀主要由卤水高温以及高Cl-含量引起,焊接残余应力及卷曲加工应力的共同作用促进了短接的应力腐蚀开裂;用铸造成形代替焊接成形,并适当增加316L不锈钢的钼含量,有利于延长短接的使用寿命。     

316L不锈钢、690合金在氢氧化钠溶液中的电化学性能

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗和电容测量等方法研究了316L、690合金在NaOH溶液中的电化学行为及生成钝化膜的半导体性质.在NaOH溶液中,316L不锈钢存在明显的钝化区间;316L不锈钢、690合金在NaOH溶液中电化学阻抗谱的阻抗模值相近.动电位电化学阻抗谱(DEIS)表明,随扫描电位正移,钝化膜的阻抗在测试溶液中...     

加氢装置脱H_2S汽提塔塔顶系统的腐蚀评价及选材

模拟脱H2S汽提塔塔顶系统现场工况,采用浸泡腐蚀挂片、恒电位阳极极化法、U型弯曲应力腐蚀等方法对20号钢、304L、321、316L及2205不锈钢在湿硫化氢环境中的均匀腐蚀、点蚀和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性进行了研究,并利用体视显微镜和SEM对金属试样的微观腐蚀形貌进行了观察。结果表明:20号钢耐蚀性较差,易在低温下发生氢鼓泡,奥氏体不锈钢304L、321、316L及双相不锈钢2205的腐蚀速率较小,耐蚀性好,其中304L和321不锈钢耐点蚀性能稍差,表面出现了轻微点蚀造成的蜂窝状的局部腐蚀;H2S的存在明显提高了奥氏体不锈钢在Cl-环境中的点蚀敏感性;304L、321及316L不锈钢焊接试样均具有较好的耐应力腐蚀开裂性能。     

316L不锈钢在沉积盐碱混合物下的高温腐蚀

对316L不锈钢沉积4.2% NaOH、1.3% NaCl、4.4% KOH、3.7% KCl盐碱混合物后在450 ℃至900 ℃下8 h和1 min高温腐蚀行为进行了试验.探讨了316L不锈钢在沉积盐碱混合物下的高温腐蚀机理,分析了温度、腐蚀介质和氧化膜的稳定性等因素对316L不锈钢腐蚀的影响.结果表明,316L不锈钢在450 ℃至900 ℃的高温腐蚀环境下其腐蚀速率随着温度的上升而增加.     

缓蚀剂对316L不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中应力腐蚀开裂的作用

研究表明316L不锈钢在55℃的1mol/L HCl+1mol/L NaCl溶液中对SCC比较敏感。316L不锈钢在所研究的体系中处于活化溶解状态。对添加缓蚀剂的体系的电化学参数的测试和分析表明,缓蚀剂抑制SCC的能力与缓蚀剂抑制阳极反应有关。     

22Cr双相不锈钢与304L、316L钢在氯化物溶液中耐应力腐蚀性能的比较

采用恒载荷法、恒应变法研究了22Cr双相不锈钢在不同Cl-浓度、不同温度的氯化物渗液中耐应力腐蚀的性能,并与316L和304L普通奥氏体不锈钢进行了对比.结果表明,22Cr双相不锈钢在氯化物环境中具有更好的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)抗力.     

316Ti在含氯离子300℃高温水中的应力腐蚀开裂

采用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验方法研究了316Ti在300℃高温水中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明,在空气饱和条件下,试样的断裂时间、延伸率以及断裂能的值随着Cl^-浓度的增大显著降低,应力腐蚀敏感指数随着Cl^-浓度的增大则显著递增,二者具有一定相关性。316Ti不锈钢在300℃空气饱和水中发生SCC的临界Cl^-质量浓度为5 mg/L,只有在Cl^-质量浓度高于或等于5 mg/L,试样才发生穿晶型和部分沿晶混合型SCC。SCC裂纹多萌生于滑移台阶或蚀坑,也可能萌生于接近表面的铁素体相处;裂纹在向基体扩展过程中,铁素体相的存在阻碍了其扩展过程,从而提高了316Ti的抗SCC能力。氧在SCC裂纹萌生和扩展过程中都起着非常重要的作用。     

奥氏体不锈钢SUS316及SUS316L在含Cl-的饱和H2S水溶液中的应力腐蚀行为研究

采用U型弯曲试样研究了固溶及敏化奥氏体不锈钢SUS31 6和SUS31 6L在四种不同的含Cl- 的饱和H2 S水溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂 (SCC)行为。研究结果表明Cl- 的加入和pH值的降低会增大实验钢种的应力腐蚀敏感性 ,而微量的Na2 CO3则可降低其SCC敏感性。     

Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 316L stainless steel exposed to CO2–H2S–Cl− environments in the absence and presence of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of 316L stainless steel in CO₂–H₂S–Cl^? environments with and without methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) was investigated by slow strain rate testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that elongation ratio, reduction in area ratio (RAR) and time to failure ratio (TTFR) of 316L stainless steel were low in CO₂–H₂S–Cl^? environments. The corresponding fractography exhibited flat brittle fracture with quasi-cleavage pattern, indicative of high SCC susceptibility. Hydrogen penetration and corrosion pits could be responsible for the high SCC susceptibility of 316L stainless steel in this condition. For the CO₂–H₂S–Cl^? environments in the presence of MDEA, 316L stainless steel possessed high ER, RAR and TTFR (nearly 100%). High SCC resistance of 316L stainless steel could be associated with MDEA induced removal of H₂S/CO₂ and absorption on the steel surface.     

The dependency of the crack growth rate on the loading pattern and temperature in stress corrosion cracking of strain-hardened 316L stainless steels in a simulated BWR environment

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) growth rate of a warm-rolled (WR) 316L stainless steel contoured double cantilever (CDCB) specimen was measured in high purity water at various temperatures and under various loading patterns. An alternating current potential drop (ACPD) technique was used to monitor the crack growth kinetics throughout the tests. The fracture surface exhibited typical intergranular SCC characteristics. Depending on the test conditions, three kinds of crack growth kinetics, i.e., increasing with time then becoming steady, being constant during the whole period, decreasing with time then becoming steady, were identified and are described. The steady state crack growth rate (CGR) values are used to quantify the effects of the loading pattern and the environmental temperature. A moderate increase in the crack growth rate was encountered by employing periods of unloading and reloading to form a trapezoidal loading pattern and the enhancement factor was found to depend on the holding time and the times for unloading and reloading. It was found that the crack growth is thermally activated; however, the apparent activation energy is not constant but seems to be greater at higher temperatures. Several types of temperature-dependent crack growth kinetics are proposed based on the rate-determining step for the crack growth. The present experimental results can be rationalized by considering multiple element processes such as aqueous mass transport and solid-state mass transport in the crack growth. The cracking mode, the temperature dependence of the crack growth rate, and the transient crack growth behavior for WR 316L SS after changing the environmental temperature are quite similar to those for a cold-worked(CW) 316L SS tested in the same environment, despite their different absolute crack growth rate values. The effect of yield strength on CGR is more significant at lower temperatures and the apparent activation energy for the crack growth rate seems to be lower in the material with a higher yield strength. Time-lag crack growth behavior was found at points during several test steps on WR 316L SS, for example, just after in situ pre-cracking and after increasing or decreasing the temperature, which is quite consistent with the results obtained with CW 316L SS. The importance of in situ monitoring of the crack growth for obtaining steady state crack growth rates is emphasized, especially for those steps for which a nonlinear crack growth period occurs after changing the test condition.     

Corrosion Behaviour of Type 316L Stainless Steel in Hot Caustic Aqueous Environments

Metals and Materials International - The corrosion behaviour of type 316L stainless steel in aqueous 30–50 wt%. NaOH at temperatures up to 90 °C has been elucidated....     

奥氏体不锈钢SUS316及SUS316L在含Cl-的 饱和H2S水溶液中的应力腐蚀行为研究

采用U型弯曲试样研究了固溶及敏化奥氏体不锈钢SUS316和SUS316L在四种不同的含Cl