一种基于OFDM认知无线电网络的次优动态资源分配算法

研究了采用正交频分复用的认知无线电网络中的多用户资源分配问题,包括子载波分配和功率分配。在认知无线电系统中,除了考虑主用户与次用户之间的相互干扰,还要求将主用户对次用户的干扰控制在预设门限之下,因此,系统模型更为复杂。整数约束条件,使得寻求最优解的算法复杂度高,无法用于对实时性要求高的系统。因此,提出了一种寻求次优解的分步式资源分配算法,以降低算法的复杂度。首先采用一种综合考虑了功率限制和对主用户的干扰限制的新型子载波分配方案,然后提出改进的线性注水算法进行功率分配。仿真结果表明,相比于最优分配算法,所提出的算法可以在获得较好的系统容量的同时,有效地降低系统的复杂度,适用于对实时性要求高的系统。     

基于认知OFDM系统的功率分配算法

在正交频分复用的认知无线电系统中,授权用户会受到认知用户频带内子载波带外功率泄漏的干扰。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于幂函数分布的次优化功率分配方案,通过线性约束的凸优化数值运算,有效降低了最优方案中运算的复杂度。给出了在认知用户发射功率约束条件下的信道吞吐量分析。仿真结果表明,所提出的方案在满足授权用户干扰门限约束条件下,提高了现有功率分配方案的认知用户信道吞吐量。     

OFDM认知无线电网络低复杂度功率分配算法

在正交频分复用认知无线电网络中,研究多个功率约束条件下的功率分配问题。认知用户功率约束条件分为两类:对主用户频段的干扰约束与认知用户总传输功率约束。以最大化认知用户速率为目标,构建一个多约束条件优化问题,得出最优功率分配算法,在此基础上,通过对约束条件加以分解,提出一种低复杂度的次优功率分配算法。仿真结果表明,最优算法可以取得最大的认知用户传输速率;提出的次优算法可以极小的性能损失,在复杂度上取得较大优势。     

基于OFDM的认知无线电用户频谱分配策略

结合正交频分复用(OFDM)技术,研究认知无线电场景中的多用户频谱分配策略,提出最优与次优2种算法。最优算法通过授权用户的SIR下限得到认知无线电的发射总功率,采用拉格朗日定理为每个认知用户分配子载波和功率。次优算法引入分配比例因子来体现用户分配的公平原则,通过限制SIR得到频谱分配结果。仿真结果表明,2种算法的性能优于现有基于FDMA的静态频谱分配算法,能从不同层面满足认知无线电的需求。     

认知多中继网络中断性能优化研究

研究了认知多中继网络的中断性能优化方法,提出了认知节点发射功率最大值受限和主用户干扰功率受限条件下的最优功率分配(OPA)方法,优化设计感知时间使认知中继网络的中断性能最优。仿真结果表明,最佳功率分配方案的中断性能优于等功率分配(EPA)方案,且存在最佳的感知时间使认知多中继网络的中断性能最优,在高信噪比区域采用多个认知中继协作传输可有效提高认知无线电网络的中断性能。     

认知无线电中基于比例公平的资源分配方案

在基于OFDM的认知无线电网络中,认知用户采用放大转发（Amplify-and-Forward,AF）协作模式进行数据传输。提出了功率和子载波分配及配对的优化算法,认知用户在子载波上的总发射功率是有限的,同时对授权用户造成的干扰必须低于门限值。采用拉格朗日对偶分解法和次梯度法对功率分配算法进行求解,并对子载波分配及配对算法进行了推导。仿真结果表明,与最大化总速率（maximize-total）公平性和最大化最小速率（maximize-worst）公平性相比,比例公平性（maximize-pro-fair）是一个能够使效率与公平性更加均衡的标准;在低信噪比时,就提高系统传输效率以及资源分配公平度指标而言,该算法依然优于其他三种分配方案。     

干扰约束下的认知无线电传输链路自适应算法

针对干扰约束下的认知无线电传输链路自适应算法开展研究,基于OFDM的认知用户与主用户共存,认知用户在保证对主用户干扰容限的前提下执行子载波与功率分配,以树形分支贪婪算法为基础,引入功率余量因子和干扰余量因子并通过比较余量因子相对大小来选择子载波,通过减小分支数以降低算法复杂度.仿真结果表明,改进的树形分支贪婪算法获得的...     

分布式MIMO CR系统预编码与功率分配的联合优化

分布式MIMO CR系统中,构建多用户功率分配的非合作博弈模型,使认知用户速率达到均衡状态。受授权用户和多用户干扰的影响,认知用户速率很难达到理想值。为了解决上述问题,在发射端设置了适用于不同约束条件的预编码矩阵,提出了预编码与功率分配的联合优化算法。仿真结果表明,基于块对角化的联合优化算法,有效消除用户之间的信道干扰,显著提高了认知用户速率。     

不完全SIC下CR-NOMA系统的功率分配算法

在不完全连续干扰消除（SIC）条件下,对认知无线电-非正交多址混合系统中的次用户总传输速率进行研究,提出一种基于参数变换和KKT条件的功率分配算法。采用非正交多址方式使次用户接入授权信道,在主次用户服务质量、最大发射功率等约束条件下,通过参数变换对原约束条件进行改写设计新的优化问题,并利用KKT条件求解最优功率分配因子进而实现系统中次用户总传输速率的最大化。仿真结果表明,与CNPA算法和等功率分配算法相比,该算法可明显提高系统中次用户的总传输速率,并且对于不完全SIC具有更强的承受能力。     

中继OFDMA系统容量公平资源分配算法研究

针对OFMDA解码-转发中继系统的资源分配问题,提出了一种以系统总功率和用户间的数据速率比例公平为约束条件,以最大化系统总速率为目标的资源分配算法。该资源分配问题为非线性最优化问题,联合求解所有变量复杂度很高,通过次优化的方法降低计算复杂度。算法包括：子载波分配和功率分配。子载波分配是以功率平均分配为前提,对基站-中继站和中继站-用户链路的子载波按照信道条件进行配对,并根据比例公平约束将配对的子载波分配给相应的用户。功率分配是对每个用户利用Lagrange方法调整每个子载波的功率,进一步提高系统的数据速率。算法仿真分析表明,该算法既能同时满足多用户不同数据速率的要求,又能提高系统的数据速率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.