一种基于连接的增强拥塞控制机制

文中针对越来越多的网络应用不采用端拥塞控制机制而导致非公平占用网络带宽问题,介绍了在路由器内部实现基于连接调度的增强拥塞控制方法。路由器使用公平排队调度算法代替传统的先来服务调度算法,可隔离和保护基于漏桶控制的连接。但采用基于窗口反馈拥塞控制机制ＴＣＰ连接会对数据包丢失敏感,路由器使用公平排队调度算法还需要结合相应的缓冲管理方法,才能保证ＴＣＰ连接获取公平的吞吐量。文中还讨论了基于连接的排队数据包     

早期确定性拥塞指示算法

分析了RED算法在拥塞指示信息传输上的不足，提出了一种早期确定性拥塞指示算法，使得拥塞指示能尽可能快地到达TCP源，以有效地响应路由器的早期拥塞，使用改进的NS进行了仿真实验，实验结果表明该算法在保证网络吞吐率的基础上，能更有效地降低路由器中的丢包率，提高网络的利率率。     

基于路由器技术的队列管理算法

随着网络规模的不断扩大,网络拥塞问题日益严重。拥塞将会导致吞吐量下降,实时性变差,网络性能降低等问题。本文通过分析端到端拥塞控制存在的局限性,说明基于路由器技术的队列管理算法在改善端到端拥塞控制中所发挥的重要作用,并对当前拥塞控制中基于路由器技术的队列管理算法(RED、WRED、WRR、FQ、WFQ、DRR)进行分析与总结。     

基于反馈的区分服务网络拥塞管理方案研究

为了有效解决RED算法拥塞响应滞后以及在聚集类之间公平性不足的问题,提出建立一种基于早期拥塞指示反馈的区分服务网络模型,并在该模型上采用优先级早期随机检测算法。在网络入口节点对分组进行分类、聚集与监测,各队列按优先级设置不同队列长度阈值,当平均队列长度或各队列长度达到相应阈值范围时,立即触发不同程度拥塞指示包向源端反馈。使用改进的NS进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明该算法使得拥塞指示能尽可能快地到达TCP源,有效地降低路由器中的丢包率。提高网络利用率,并且为不同的聚集类提供不同优先级服务,保障了聚集类的公平性。     

拥塞控制机制--RED的研究

近几年来，网络通信量的迅猛增长使得主干网日益拥塞；新业务的涌现对网络提出更高的服务质量要求，为了满足这些需求，主干网路由器就必须采取一定的策略来避免和控制网络拥塞，从而保证网络畅通并提供一定的服务质量（如端到端延时等），这些策略就是通常所说的拥塞避免／控制策略，本文分析了三种拥塞控制机制的优缺点，以及路由器中常用的4种拥塞控制的策略，重点介绍了在实际中运用最广泛的拥塞控制策略－RED（随机早期检测）的实现机制。     

基于模糊逻辑和路由器辅助的MCC算法

针对端到端组播拥塞控制的局限性,提出一种基于模糊逻辑和路由器辅助的组播拥塞控制算法FLRA-MCC。在FLRA-MCC中,主动路由器实时监测网络状态,利用模糊逻辑计算缓冲区调节因子a,从而自动调节缓冲区大小以缓解拥塞,并且只在发生较重拥塞时,才向源端反馈拥塞信息以通知源端减小发送速率。仿真结果表明,该算法能够保证网络吞吐量的稳定性,较好地吸收突发流,同时以更小的丢包率传输数据。     

路由器算法Droptail和RED的分析与优化

因特网的迅速发展使网络拥塞问题日益得到人们的重视,近年来提出了许多基于路由器的拥塞控制机制。文章详细分析了基于路由器的弃尾(Droptail)和随机早期检测RED(RandomEarlyDetection)拥塞控制机制的设计思想和算法实现。针对RED算法存在的不足对其进行改进,提出CRED(ConicRandomEarlyDetection)算法,该算法的基本思想是,当平均队列长度在最小和最大阈值之间时,使丢包概率采用一种平滑的增长机制。通过大量仿真实验对三种算法的性能进行对比研究,表明CRED算法在网络延迟、振荡等网络性能上比RED算法更有效。     

基于ECN的实时多媒体的实时多媒体流TCP友好控制

随着Internet上多媒体应用的日益增加,实时多媒体流的TCP友好控制成为当前的研究热点。该机制基于RTP/RTCP协议,以ECN的方式将拥塞状况通知发送端,在路由器中采用RED队列管理策略,在端主机采用TCP友好的速率调节机制。ECNBCC机制具有TCP友好的特性并且可以对网络早期拥塞作出反应,从而降低丢包率和网络延时,该机制也可用于无线网络多媒体流的拥塞控制。     

一种基于多阶段资源感知的拥塞控制算法

拥塞控制是组成IPQos的重要部分,传统的拥塞控制算法主要是通过对本地的资源拥塞信息来进行拥塞状态的判定和丢弃决策,而这有可能会导致带宽浪费问题。通过对基于网络处理器的路由器的多阶段拥塞控制时机分析,本文提出一个多阶段资源感知算法CC-AMR,并在路由器上进行了具体的实现和性能测试。结果表明,该算法可以在拥塞发生时有效地提高系统的性能。     

路由器拥塞控制策略的研究

近几年来，网络通信量的迅猛增长使得主干网日益拥塞；新业务的涌现对网络提出更高的服劳质量要求；为了满足这些需求，主干网路由器就必须采取一定的策略来避免和控制网络拥塞，从而保证网络畅通并提供一定的服劳质量保证(如端到端延时的保证)。这些策略就是通常所说的拥塞避免／控制策略。本文分析了三种拥塞控制机制的优缺点，以及路由器中常用的4种拥塞控制策略，重点介绍了在实际中运用最广泛的拥塞控制策略——RED(随机早期检测)的实现机制。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.