18F-FDG PET/CT对恶性胸膜间皮瘤诊断及预后评估的价值

回顾性分析了本院2006年10月—2010年3月间19例临床怀疑胸膜间皮瘤患者的¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT图像,探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对恶性胸膜间皮瘤诊断及预后评估的价值。通过¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像获得最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）、摄取类型、临床分期、病理类型及血清中癌胚抗原（CEA）水平,对恶性胸膜间皮瘤进行准确诊断、术前分期及预后评估。所有患者扫描后分别经外科手术、穿刺活检、胸腔镜、胸水细胞学检查或纵隔镜等检查,以病理结果为金标准。结果显示,19例中17例经病理证实为恶性胸膜间皮瘤(PET/CT确诊16例,漏诊1例),2例良性病变（PET/CT确诊1例,误诊1例）。¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像判断胸膜间皮瘤的符合率为89%（17/19）,敏感度为94%（16/17）,假阴性率为6%（1/17）,特意度为50%（1/2）。恶性胸膜间皮瘤SUVmax（11.88±5.39）与良性组SUVmax（4.10±0.85）相比,其差异具有统计学意义（P=0.005 8,P＜0.01)。恶性胸膜间皮瘤病理包括上皮型、肉瘤型、混合型及非典型4种,在各不同病理类型间,非上皮型SUVmax（15.88±3.94）较上皮型（7.40±2.82）高,其差异具有统计学意义（t=4.56,P＜0.01)。在不同临床分期中,Ⅳ级SUVmax（19.83±3.57）较Ⅱ、Ⅲ分级患者放射性摄取明显增高,其差异具有统计学意义（F=7.69,P<0.01)。胸膜间皮瘤¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像中,病灶摄取类型可分为结节形、线形、环形及混合形4种,其中环形放射性摄取（SUVmax=16.63±4.51）与其他三种摄取类型（SUVmax=10.61±4.85）相比,其差异具有统计学意义(t=3.64,P＜0.01)。以血清中癌胚抗原（CEA）≥5 μg/L为标准,患者SUVmax(14.19±5.15)明显高于CEA＜5 μg/L组SUVmax(8.60±4.04),其差异具有统计学意义( t=2.39,P＜0.05)。以上结果提示,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对于恶性胸膜间皮瘤的诊断的敏感度较高;不同组织病理学类型中,上皮型预后好于其他类型;随着临床分期的进展,SUVmax递增,提示与肿瘤恶性程度加剧相关。不同类型¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像中,环形摄取类型常提示肿瘤恶性程度较高。血清中CEA升高,也提示肿瘤恶性程度增加,预后不良。综上所述,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像在临床分期、疗效评价、监测复发及预后评估等方面将发挥重要作用。     

18FDG-PET在直肠、结肠癌诊断中的价值初探

对24例经肠镜检查初步诊断为直肠、结肠癌的患者进行18FDG-PET显像研究,评价18FDG-PET对大肠癌诊断、分期及治疗计划的价值。结果表明,24例病理证实为大肠癌的患者,23例局部18FDG摄取增高(SUVmax=7.09±3.26,2.98~12.2)1。8FDG-PET对于肿瘤原发病灶诊断准确率为95%(23/24),假阴性1例,8例远处转移全部检出;对于单纯局部(主要为第1站)淋巴结转移灵敏度为50%(8/16),特异性为100%;改变了33%(8/24)患者的治疗方案。因此,18FDG-PET对大肠癌原发病灶诊断灵敏度高,假阴性率低,但鉴别原发病灶早期局部侵犯程度作用有限;18FDG-PET对于淋巴结、肝、骨骼等远处转移探测效率高;18FDG-PET对大肠癌的分期和治疗计划制定有一定的价值。     

肿瘤细胞端粒酶活性在放免治疗中的意义

采用不同给药方式对实验动物进行放免治疗(RIT),观察其抑瘤效果,并检测各组实验动物治疗后原发和转移灶肿瘤细胞的端粒酶活性.结果显示,各治疗组抑瘤效果均优于对照组;多次小剂量效果更佳(P<0.05);实验小鼠原发肿瘤组织和肺转移瘤组织肿瘤细胞均具有较高的端粒酶活性;治疗后均引起端粒酶活性下降(P<0.05),且多次小剂量组比单次大剂量组下降明显(P<0.05).     

18F-FDG PET/CT早期监测小剂量顺铂在体化疗敏感性的实验研究

42只双侧前胸壁荷瘤的VX2兔模型(共计84个肿瘤)随机分为治疗组(n=32)和对照组(n=10).治疗组静脉给予4mg/kg顺铂前(Pre-therapy)和给药后95-100min(Day 0)、Day 1、Day7、Day 14行PET/CT显像;对照组不给化疗药物,其余与实验组相同.取葡萄糖摄取最大值(SUVmax)进行分析,CT测量肿瘤大小.按肿瘤体积分组,Day 7时治疗组肿瘤体积增长>1倍则为不敏感,反之为敏感.结果显示:(1)Day 0敏感组SUVmax减低率为(-48.96±12.27)%,而不敏感组和对照组为(21.26±18.26)%和(7.16±13.47)%,三组SUVmax变化有显著差异(P<0.05).(2)Pre-therapy、Day 0、Day 1、Day 14两组肿瘤体积无显著性差异(P>0.05),但Day 7敏感组肿瘤体积小于不敏感组及对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05).(3)Day 7、Day 14敏感组肿瘤坏死率大于不敏感组及对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05).(4)HE染色观察不同时间点切除的肿瘤标本发现:Day 7、Day 14时敏感组肿瘤细胞数少而炎性和坏死细胞数增加.表明根据化疗药物给予后FDG减低程度,18F-FDG PET/CT能在体、早期、灵敏检出肿瘤对化疗药物的敏感性.     

肺癌特异性靶向小分子多肽在肺腺癌放射治疗中的实验研究

在固相合成小分子肽的过程中完成酪氨酸与cNGQGEQc的连接,采用氯胺-T法进行131I标记,构建肺腺癌NCI-H1975细胞株荷瘤裸鼠模型,随机分成4组,分别为:131I-cNGQGEQc治疗组、131I-cNAQAEQc治疗组、131I治疗组和生理盐水对照组,每组5只。尾静脉注射相应药物后,连续30天观测荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤移植物的大小,计算各组荷瘤裸鼠的肿瘤抑制率。研究结果表明:小分子多肽的131I标记率均大于90%,放化纯度均大于95%。131I-cNGQGEQc对肺腺癌NCI-H1975细胞移植瘤具有明显的抑制作用,治疗后第30天移植瘤肿瘤抑制率为60.93%。阴性多肽131I-cNAQAEQc治疗组的肿瘤抑制率为11.63%。131I治疗组的肿瘤抑制率为10.70%。实验结果表明,131I-cNGQGEQc对肺腺癌NCI-H1975细胞具有良好的亲和力及明显的靶向抑制作用,对非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗具有潜在应用价值。     

188Re-CL58多次小剂量RIT初探

采用放射免疫治疗(RIT)法治疗荷肺腺癌小鼠,观察RIT时多次小剂量给药方式的药物分布特点和抑瘤效果.结果显示,在总剂量相同的条件下,多次小剂量RIT组的放射性标记抗体在肿瘤部位的摄取量(总的累积活度)比单次大剂量RIT组高,且更能减轻肿瘤负荷并明显抑制肿瘤转移.多次小剂量RIT组小鼠体重减少及瘤重均明显小于对照组和单次大剂量RIT组(P<0.05);多次小剂量RIT组肺转移结节数明显低于对照组和单次组(P<0.05).因此,在不增加总剂量的情况下,多次小剂量RIT能提高肿瘤部位的照射剂量.多次小剂量RIT疗效优于单次大剂量RIT.     

甲状腺核素显像、血清TSH及超声检查对甲状腺结节的诊断价值

探讨甲状腺核素显像、血清TSH及超声检查对甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断价值。以术后病理结果为标准,回顾性分析89例患者的141个甲状腺结节,将核素显像、血清TSH水平及超声检查结果进行比较。结果表明,核素显像冷结节恶性率为35.3%,实性冷结节恶性率达57.1%,核素显像与血清TSH水平相关,热结节TSH水平低,冷结节TSH水平高(P0.05)。TSH水平升高伴随着恶性率增高(P0.05)。冷结节中恶性结节TSH水平显著高于良性结节(P0.05),TSH诊断甲状腺癌最佳界值为1.695mIU/L,灵敏度、特异性分别为83.8%、77.3%。实性冷结节中TSH诊断甲状腺癌最佳界值为1.675mIU/L,灵敏度、特异性分别为83.3%、100%。热、温、凉结节中良恶性结节的TSH水平无明显差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明,核素显像有助于评价甲状腺结节的功能状态和形态特点,结合血清TSH检测及超声检查,对鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性有重要价值。     

分化型甲状腺癌的18FDG PET显像及血清TSH水平的影响

甲状腺乳头状癌和滤泡状癌术后病人共32例进行了18FDG PET显像.为评价血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平对18FDGPET显像的影响,根据患者血清TSH浓度,将患者分为TSH水平抑制组(TSH≤0.3μIU/mL)和TSH水平非抑制组(TSH＞0.3μIU/mL)2组,并进行阳性检出率和转移病灶的18FDG摄取程度比较.32例18FDG PET受检者中,17例临床确诊为转移性甲状腺癌患者有14例阳性(82.4%),其中TSH水平抑制组6例(33.3%),TSH水平非抑制组8例(57.1%),两组间无明显的显著性差异(x2=1.814,P=0.178).TSH水平抑制组中有3例患者,临床确诊为复发,但18FDG PET显像未能显示病灶.18FDG PET显像的14例阳性患者共有24个甲状腺癌转移灶,分别位于甲状腺床、颈部、骨骼和肺部.转移灶的18FDG摄取程度,TSH水平非抑制组的转移灶明显高于抑制组(P＜0.05).本研究表明,分化型甲状腺癌进行18FDG PET显像时,高TSH血清水平有可能有利于发现甲状腺癌转移灶.     

小肠原发恶性肿瘤18F-FDGPET/CT显像及诊断方法

44例小肠原发疾病患者(恶性25例,良性19例)18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料经组织学、诊断性治疗和/或临床随访证实;采用目测法、定量方法(测病变肠壁的厚度)及半定量方法[测平均标准摄取值(SUVmean)]分析PET/CT影像特点,以最大约登指数(YImax)时的SUVmean及肠壁厚度作为判断良恶性的阈值;以最后诊断结果为标准进行诊断学试验评价。结果显示:(1)小肠恶性肿瘤PET/CT表现为小肠局部肿块形成、局部肠壁增厚、肠管狭窄、肠梗阻及肠系膜淋巴结肿大等征象,而良性病变仅显示小肠肿块形成(χ2=10.40,p<0.01)、局部肠壁增厚(χ2=3.90,p<0.05),二征象有显著性差异。(2)小肠良、恶性病变肠壁厚度分别为(7.53±3.24)mm、(14.24±2.02)mm(t=2.66,p<0.01);YImax=0.589时,肠壁厚度为9.5 mm,诊断灵敏度、特异性和准确度分别为80.00%、78.95%和79.55%。(3)小肠良、恶性病变的SUVmean分别为3.55±1.84、6.98±3.62(t=3.77,p<0.01);YImax=0.379时,SUVmean=3.65,诊断灵敏度、特异性和准确度分别为80.00%、58.85%和70.45%。(4)以小肠肿块形成作为恶性的判断标准,诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确度分别为84.00%、78.95%和81.82%,YImax=0.630。(5)以小肠局部肿块形成及病灶SUVmean≥3.65、局部肠壁增厚及厚度≥9.50 mm为主要依据,诊断灵敏度、特异性和准确度分别为96.00%、89.47%和93.18%,YImax=0.855。表明18F-FDG PET/CT显像提示小肠局部肿块形成及病灶SUVmean≥3.65、局部肠壁增厚及厚度≥9.50 mm的定性定量征象对准确诊断小肠原发恶性肿瘤具有重要的临床价值。     

LIG4和HSPB1基因多态性与非小细胞肺癌放疗肿瘤退缩率的相关性

2009年12月至2011年12月中国医科大学附属第一医院对137名有明确病理诊断的非小细胞肺癌患者行胸部病灶三维适形放射治疗,放疗前及放疗20次后测量肿瘤大小,评价放疗肿瘤退缩率,外周血标本酚-氯仿法提取DNA,采用Taqman real-time PCR方法行单核苷酸多态性的基因分型。采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行t检验和方差分析,p0.05时认为有统计学差异。137例患者,平均年龄60.1±5.33岁,肿瘤平均退缩率0.3474±0.191,鳞癌87例,腺癌50例,男102例,女35例,Ⅰ期9例,Ⅱ期26例,Ⅲ期70例,Ⅳ期32例。实验结果显示,吸烟者(95例)放疗肿瘤退缩率明显高于非吸烟者,分别为0.3755±0.1775和0.2840±0.2068,t=2.643,p=0.009。LIG4rs1805388的CC、CT和TT基因型放疗肿瘤退缩率分别是0.3395±0.1802、0.342±0.2106和0.5038±0.1892,经LSD法比较发现,TT基因型放疗肿瘤退缩率明显高于CC基因型,p=0.041。HSPB1rs2868371 GG、CG和CC基因型放疗肿瘤退缩率分别是0.3454±0.1932、0.3487±0.1998和0.3487±0.1652,未发现3种基因型之间有统计学差异。吸烟和LIG4rs180538TT基因型患者放疗肿瘤退缩率明显高于其他患者。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.