酒糟处理方式在细菌酒精全回流发酵中的研究

酒精生产过程中，产生了大量的酒糟废液。若不进行适当处理，将会对环境造成严重的污染。研究了酒糟直接回流、酒糟滤液回流和酒糟离心回流的情况以及不同的营养组合对细茵酒精全回流发酵的影响。结果表明：过滤后的酒糟废液，代替原来的拌料用水，循环用于酒精生产，可以实现酒糟的全回流。在回流发酵进行了八批后，酒精产量稳定在67．1g／L以上，比没有回流时的65．2g／L略有提高。而且在回流中，并不需要每次都添加氮源，这样可以减少发酵有害物质的积累，有利于实现酒糟滤液全回流。     

酒精大罐发酵技术的应用与研究

作者通过对酒业大罐发酵技术的应用研究，总结了大罐发酵技术要点，在玉米酒精发酵是否需加营养盐方面，提出了自己的看法。对酒糟离心液的回用进行了研究。从理论上分析了大罐连续发酵的可行性和优越性，建议推广应用酒精大罐发酵技术。     

酒精-沼气双发酵耦联工艺中酒精发酵生酸原因解析与控制

在酒精-沼气双发酵耦联工艺中,将沼液和酒糟的混合水回用于酒精发酵过程,可有效解决传统酒精生产工艺存在的能耗大、废水处理成本高的问题。但是产业化应用中,该工艺会引起酒精发酵生酸较高。本文对造成这一问题的原因进行了研究,并探索了相应的解决方案。结果表明,沼液和酒糟混合、储存过程中,沼液中的产酸菌能够吸收利用酒糟中的营养物质快速生长并生成大量挥发性有机酸。产酸菌会对酿酒酵母产生竞争性抑制作用,而挥发性有机酸则会对酿酒酵母产生毒害作用。通过向沼液中加入适量的克菌灵可有效杀灭产酸菌,延缓混合水的酸化,从而消除对酒精发酵的影响。     

滤液全回流在细菌酒精连续发酵中的试验

研究了用酒精滤液代替原来的工艺用水进行细菌酒精连续发酵试验的可行性;建立了单级无回流连续发酵系统,在稀释率为0.35h-1时,酒精产量为64.0g/L,发酵强度达到22.4g/(L·h);考察了回流比分别为0.5,1.0,稀释率为0.3,0.35,0.4h-1时,滤液回流对连续发酵系统的影响.结果表明:进行一定时间的酒糟滤液全回流的连续回流发酵是可行的,但最大稀释率不宜大于0.35h-1,此时连续发酵的生产强度为22.1g/(L·h),酒精产量为63.1g/L.     

淀粉质原料无酸发酵生产酒精新技术

传统工艺中 ,以淀粉质为原料发酵酒精的生产过程 ,控制不染菌是首要的问题 ,这一问题如果处理不当 ,很容易造成发酵失败。但在大生产中要使发酵过程达到完全无菌条件是不现实的 ,只能做到相对无菌。通常 ,人们总是在发酵醪中加入一定量的浓硫酸以调节 p H值 ,利用酵母菌对溶液中氢离子的耐受性强于常见杂菌这一特性 ,达到抑制杂菌的生长繁殖。但是大量使用浓硫酸 ,不仅容易造成设备腐蚀严重 ,而且还会增加废液处理难度 ,特别是在酒精废液厌氧处理过程中 ,会对甲烷菌造成影响 ,并使环保资金投入增加。针对传统的淀粉质原料生产酒精工艺中 ,…     

副产物对运动发酵单胞菌酒精发酵的影响

研究了乙酸、乳酸、糠醛作为酒精发酵副产物 ,对细菌酒精发酵的影响。在发酵培养基中 ,当乙酸浓度为 1 5 g/L ,糠醛浓度为 4g/L时 ,细菌酒精产量开始减少。在乳酸浓度为 0～ 2 g/L的范围内 ,没有观察到其对细菌酒精发酵的抑制作用。运用化学渗透假说 ,对酸在细菌酒精发酵中的抑制作用进行了解释 ,同时对糠醛在细菌酒精发酵中的抑制作用进行了理论探讨     

酶制剂废液促进木薯酒精生产的发酵工艺

为实现木薯酒精发酵中原材料利用的降本增效,该研究将木薯作为原料进行酒精发酵条件实验,确定液化温度为95.0℃时,液化时间为70.0 min;糖化温度为60.0℃时,糖化时间为40.0 min;在上述条件下木薯淀粉最高产酒率为54.01%,淀粉的利用率达89.25%。在此基础上,研究了酶制剂废液(包括糖化酶废液、淀粉酶废液)应用于木薯酒精生产。结果表明,添加糖化酶废液后,每吨酒精可以节省淀粉酶1320 mL,糖化酶316.8 mL,同时可免去尿素、硫酸镁等营养盐的添加,出酒率提高至54.64%。因此,采用酶制剂废液可大大减少木薯酒精生产中新鲜糖化酶和淀粉酶的用量,降低了营养盐的添加,同时原料出酒率也得到了有效提高。本研究不仅为酶制剂工业生产中酶制剂废弃资源的有效利用提供了新途径,也为木薯酒精发酵工业发展提供了新的理论支持。     

利用酒糟处理液作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的发酵工艺优化

为降低发酵培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的成本,以酱香型白酒酒糟为实验材料,将其简单预处理后作为裂殖壶菌发酵培养基氮源,首先分析了酒糟处理液与胰蛋白胨的游离氨基酸组成与含量,然后以生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量为指标,对酒糟处理液、胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物和牛肉膏作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA进行了比较,优化了酒糟处理液作为氮源时的发酵工艺条件,并对发酵废液进行三次循环利用。结果表明：酒糟处理液可以作为满足裂殖壶菌生长的氮源;与酵母提取物、牛肉膏相比,酒糟处理液作为氮源有明显优势;利用酒糟处理液作为氮源的最佳发酵工艺条件为酒糟（含水量约10%）与水质量比1∶ 9、酒糟处理液添加量70%（与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例）、初始pH 7.0、培养时间108 h,在此条件下裂殖壶菌生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量分别达到22.14、8.88 g/L和284 g/L;最佳条件下三次循环添加15.0%（与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例）发酵废液于酒糟处理液培养基中,裂殖壶菌DHA产量分别为4.27、3.70 g/L和2.75 g/L。综上,利用酒糟处理液培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA是酒糟资源化利用的新方法。     

利用酒糟处理液作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的发酵工艺优化

为降低发酵培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的成本，以酱香型白酒酒糟为实验材料，将其简单预处理后作为裂殖壶菌发酵培养基氮源，首先分析了酒糟处理液与胰蛋白胨的游离氨基酸组成与含量，然后以生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量为指标，对酒糟处理液、胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物和牛肉膏作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA进行了比较，优化了酒糟处理液作为氮源时的发酵工艺条件，并对发酵废液进行三次循环利用。结果表明：酒糟处理液可以作为满足裂殖壶菌生长的氮源；与酵母提取物、牛肉膏相比，酒糟处理液作为氮源有明显优势；利用酒糟处理液作为氮源的最佳发酵工艺条件为酒糟(含水量约10%)与水质量比1∶9、酒糟处理液添加量70%(与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例)、初始pH 7.0、培养时间108 h,在此条件下裂殖壶菌生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量分别达到22.14、8.88 g/L和2.84 g/L;最佳条件下三次循环添加15.0%(与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例)发酵废液于酒糟处理液培养基中，裂殖壶菌DHA产量分别为4.27、3.70 g/L和2.75 g/L。综上，利用酒糟处理液培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA是酒糟资源化利用的新方法。     

高粱生料酒精发酵植酸酶的应用研究

研究植酸酶在高粱酒精生料发酵工艺中的应用。结果表明：在高粱酒精生料发酵中添加植酸酶,不仅可以促进发酵、提高酒精产量、减少杂质生成,还能显著降低蒸馏清液和酒糟中的植酸含量,进而提高酒糟饲料蛋白营养价值,同时减少有机磷排放。     

Development of Efficient Shochu Production Technology with Long‐term Repetition of Sashimoto and Reuse of Stillage for Fermentation

In traditional shochu production with a long‐term repetition of sashimoto, the activity of yeast cells decreases, generally resulting in bacterial contamination problems. In this study, a pilot scale study was carried out to demonstrate a technique developed with a laboratory scale test, which improved the activity of the yeast in the first‐stage fermentation and the possibility of reuse of stillage for the fermentation to reduce the quantity of stillage from the distillation by 50%. The yeast cells were activated by aeration and stirring for several hours after sashimoto. The yeast cells maintained a high activity level during the entire test period. The ethanol concentration of the second‐stage fermented mash was improved and an ethanol concentration of more than 17.5% (v/v) was achieved when stillage was reused in place of water for the fermentation. Comparing the flavour compounds of shochu produced by the traditional process with the long‐term repetition of sashimoto, 0.2 ppm of furfural was detected in the shochu produced from the stillage reuse process. No other significant differences were found in the concentrations of the low‐, middle‐ and high‐boiling flavour compounds examined, nor in the concentrations of isoamyl acetate and β‐phenethyl acetate, which are desired flavour compounds in shochu.     

Effect of different fermentation parameters on l-lactic acid production from liquid distillery stillage

Expansion of lactic acid applications, predominantly for the preparation of biodegradable polymers increased the research interest for new, economically favourable production processes. Liquid stillage from bioethanol production can be an inexpensive, valuable source of nutrients for growth of lactic acid bacteria. Utilisation of residual biomass with spent fermentation media as a functional animal feed can greatly influence the process value and its ecological aspect. In this paper, the kinetics of lactic acid and biomass production on liquid stillage by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 was studied. In addition, the impact of temperature, inoculum concentration, shaking and pH control by addition of CaCO₃ was evaluated. Maximal lactic acid yield of 73.4%, as well as high biomass production (3 × 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹) were achieved under selected conditions (41 °C, 5% (v/v) of inoculum, 1% (w/v) of CaCO₃, initial pH of 6.5 and shaking rate of 90 rpm). These results were achieved without supplementation of the stillage with nitrogen or mineral sources.     

酒糟滤液回用技术在酒精生产中的应用研究

酒精糟液中含有大量可供酵母吸收利用的物质,经过滤处理后的上清液可以回用至酒精生产.该文以河南省某发酵酒精生产企业酒精生产线为例,通过对影响酒精糟液回用的因素进行分析,确定了最佳回流比和新鲜水添加比例,当回流比为50％,过滤液与清水的比值在1∶2.33左右时,发酵效果最好,提高了酒精糟液的回收利用率.酒精糟滤液回用技术的实施,将减少污染、合理利用资源、实现经济效益和环境效益相统一.     

THE RE-USE OF STILLAGE WATER IN THE MASHING OF GRAIN AS A MEANS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION

The rise in the cost of energy is a major factor in increasing the costs of such distillery processes as the pre-concentration and drying of stillage. Most of the stillage water (70–80%) that would have to be evaporated can instead be separated and used again for mashing, with only the remaining 30–20% being made up with fresh water. Experiments were performed on both laboratory and production scales. The energy saving resulting from this reduced evaporation of water has been calculated to be 3000 t/a heavy fuel oil in the production of 5000 t/a 100% ethanol in a grain distillery.     

基于膜滤法处理的预发酵椰子水促进细菌纤维素合成机理

研究预发酵椰子水（fermented coconut water,FCW）促进细菌纤维素（bacterial cellulose,BC）合成的原因,采用膜过滤法处理FCW得到膜滤上清液和菌体,分别配制培养基并接种椰冻驹形杆菌（Komagataeibacter nataicola）Y19至培养基中30 ℃静置培养7 d。结果显示,上清液组的BC产量达到5.65 g/L,是对照组新鲜椰子水（natural coconut water,NCW）的10 倍,而菌体沉淀组仅为其2.8 倍,促进作用弱于上清液组和FCW组,说明膜滤上清液对BC合成的促进作用显著。通过对膜滤上清液进行气相色谱-质谱分析以及利用高效液相色谱法对预发酵过程中有机酸的变化分析,发现上清液中能检出的挥发性成分总量约为NCW的5 倍,醇类相对含量最高,约占62%,其中乙醇和乙酸含量分别是NCW的4.5 倍和48 倍。预发酵过程中,乙酸和乳酸的含量逐渐增加,经过1～2 d预发酵后葡萄糖酸含量显著降低,其他有机酸在预发酵过程中变化不显著。因此推测椰子水预发酵过程中微生物代谢产物对后期BC合成起到重要作用,且预发酵后变化较大的醇类和酸类物质有可能是通过参与驹形杆菌Y19的代谢调节作用而影响BC的合成。     

膜分离技术在生物发酵法生产燃料乙醇中的应用进展

膜分离作为一项高新技术可应用于生物发酵法生产燃料乙醇,在解决乙醇抑制微生物发酵、脱水制备高纯度燃料乙醇、对发酵液的处理及废水处理回用等方面具有重大作用,因而成为目前的研究热点。文中将传统发酵法生产燃料乙醇工艺和其他改进的发酵法生产燃料乙醇工艺进行了比较,对渗透汽化在生物发酵法制备燃料乙醇中的应用现状和膜技术对乙醇发酵废液的处理回用现状进行了详细的综述,并对膜技术在该领域中的发展趋势作了展望。     

Continuous ethanol fermentation from non-sulfuric acid-washed molasses using traditional stirred tank reactors and the flocculating yeast strain KF-7

Waste molasses is one of the most important feedstock for ethanol production in Brazil as well as in many Southeast Asian countries, including China. Sulfuric acid pretreatment is employed in most ethanol distilleries in China to control bacterial contamination, which results in difficulties in the treatment of wastewater containing high levels of sulfate ions. In this study, a high efficiency, non-sterilized, continuous ethanol fermentation process without sulfuric acid pretreatment was developed using the flocculating yeast strain KF-7 and the widely utilized, traditional, stirred tank reactors. An alternative molasses medium feeding method, which differs from traditional methods, is proposed that effectively controls bacterial contamination. Separate feeding of 1.2-fold diluted molasses and tap water into the reactor proved to be effective against bacterial contamination during long-term continuous fermentation. By feeding yeast cells with high metabolic activity to the second reactor, a two-stage continuous fermentation process that yielded a high ethanol concentration of 80 g/l as well as high ethanol productivity of 6.6 g/l/h was successfully operated for more than one month. This fermentation process can be applied to ethanol distilleries in which traditional tank reactors are used.     

膜过滤酒糟滤液回用的研究

运用陶瓷膜过滤酒精浓醪发酵后产生的酒糟，滤液全部回用进行下一批酒精浓醪发酵。结果表明淀粉利用率和发酵醪酒精度在回用5批后达到动态平衡。酒精发酵的主发酵期来得快，36h巳基本结束。运用数学方法地全回用过程固形物含量进行动态分析，其理论值与实验值近似，固形物含量在第5批基本达到动态平衡，整个过程回用次数较高，效果理想。     

酒精蒸馏废液全循环工艺研究

研究了酒精蒸馏废液全循环对玉米粉液化、糖化和发酵的影响,结果表明,当液化酶用量达到14U/g、糖化酶用量为120U/g(玉米粉)时,蒸馏废液对液化无影响,而对糖化有促进作用;蒸馏废液能一定程度地促进酵母的生长,提高酵母耗糖速率;蒸馏废液经过25次循环发酵,酒精平均浓度在15.07%,平均糖利用率91.7%。蒸馏废液全循环工艺,解决了发酵法酒精生产中的污染问题,实现了发酵法酒精清洁生产。