涂层材料的断裂分析

和基体厚度相比，涂层很薄，因此细观力学模型可把基体作为半无限弹性体，由于涂层和基体材料的膨胀系数及弹性系数不匹配，涂层材料中残余热应力的解析解为Ｅｃ／（１－ｙｃ）·（αｓ－αｃ）△Ｔ。用有限元法校核，该应力和解析解吻合得好，通过对涂层产生裂纹驱动力和断裂韧性的讨论，提出了抗裂涂层厚度公式。     

316L不锈钢基体表面钨功能梯度涂层残余应力的模拟分析

在钢基体(EUROFER、F82H、CLAM、316L)上喷涂钨涂层已成为制备面向等离子体材料的一个重要方法.为了防止钨涂层与钢基体间由于材料热膨胀不匹配而开裂失效,采用热应力缓和型功能梯度涂层是一种行之有效的解决方案.利用有限元分析软件(ANSYS 10.0)分析了梯度涂层厚度对W/316L功能梯度涂层残余应力的影响.模拟结果表明,纯钨层厚度确定时,制备厚的梯度涂层可降低残余应力.当顶层厚度为1mm、梯度涂层厚度为100～200μm时,将产生较大的轴向应力,制备涂层时应当避免此厚度范围.此模拟结果可为该涂层设计和制备提供理论依据和指导.     

放电等离子烧结技术制备 Ti合金表面 HA活性涂层

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术，低温、快速地在Ti合金表面制备HA活性涂层。研究了涂层成分和厚度对涂层与基体结合强度的影响，观察了断口形貌。结果表明：随着涂层厚度的减小，结合强度提高；梯度涂层能提高涂层与基体的结合强度；特别是经钝化处理后烧结的试样，涂层与基体的结合强度显著提高，最高达到了64MPa，超过目前使用的生物涂层种植体材料的指标。     

扫描电镜能谱数据异常原因分析

在SiO_2基体上电化学沉积400nm厚度银涂层,然后用扫描电镜能谱仪进行成分表征时,结果出现异常现象。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo Simulation)软件对该异常现象产生原因进行了分析。结果表明:氧元素的特征X射线能量K_α=05.25keV,该能量能级较低难以穿透400nm厚度的银涂层,硅元素的特征X射线能量K_α=17.4keV,K_β=18.38keV,能级较高,能够穿透该厚度的银涂层。     

Y-TZP/LZAS微晶玻璃功能梯度涂层残余应力的有限元分析

设计了Y-TZP/LZAS微晶玻璃功能梯度涂层,使用有限元软件分析了成分分布指数、梯度层数目和梯度层厚度等参数对涂层/基体界面残余热应力的影响。结果表明:功能梯度材料的最佳成分梯度指数为m=1;涂层最佳层数为3-5层;涂层最佳厚度为1-1.5 mm;涂层表层主要分布为径向压应力;在涂层/基体界面的边缘区域应力集中较为严重;涂层/基体界面处的径向应力、轴向应力和剪切应力与成分分布指数、梯度层数目和梯度层厚度有密切的关系。用涂搪法制备了梯度涂层,用X射线衍射法(XRD)测试了涂层表面残余应力,验证了有限元结果的准确性。     

涂层基体条件对梯度涂层残余应力影响研究

采用有限元法，对结构一定的Al/Ni-ZrO2梯度涂层在基体条件改变时涂层的残余应力进行了分析，结果表明，基体材料的热膨胀系数对涂层的残余应力有显著的影响，对于基体为圆柱形的涂层，其基体与涂层界面的残余应力梯度，最大轴向拉应力均随热膨胀系数的增大而线性增大，表面纯陶瓷层与次层界面残余应力梯度则随之减小，增大基体的直径和厚度，可缓和涂层残余应力，并在基体直径为36mm,厚度为20mm时各残余应力基本稳定。     

Ta-10W/Ti的高温界面反应研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在金属钛表面成功制备出连续致密且厚度均匀的α-Ta相Ta-10W涂层。在900℃下分别对涂层进行高温氧化和真空扩散处理,通过XRD、SEM、EDS等分析测试手段对涂层的抗氧化性能及元素扩散行为进行研究。结果表明:在高温氧化过程中,存在氧化和扩散双重作用,涂层与基体间发生相互扩散且涂层表面形成氧化膜,致使涂层脆化,但涂层/基体界面处氧化不明显,说明Ta-10W涂层对基体起到了有效的抗氧化作用;在真空扩散过程中,Ta向基体中扩散较为剧烈且沿着逐渐趋直的α-Ti晶界进行扩散。     

等离子喷涂Sm2Zr2O7/8YSZ热障涂层热冲击应力的数值模拟

热障涂层的热冲击应力对其热冲击性能有重要影响,有关其热冲击应力的研究鲜见报道.采用有限单元法研究了基体材质、厚度对等离子喷涂Sm2Zr2O7/8YSZ热障涂层水淬热冲击应力的影响,并与8YSZ涂层比较.结果表明:涂层内存在较大径向冲击热应力,其值随基体热膨胀系数增加而增大;随基体厚度增加,径向应力逐渐增加,厚度超过25 mm后对径向应力无影响;剪切压应力的绝对值随基体厚度增加而增大,基体厚度超过20mm后趋于稳定;基体厚度对轴向应力无影响;该涂层的抗热冲击性能优于传统8YSZ涂层.     

Fe/Al2O3陶瓷梯度涂层的微观结构与性能

采用喷涂法和溶胶-凝胶法相结合的工艺,以FeAlNi混合粉体为过渡层材料在钢基体表面制备了Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层,并对其微观结构与性能进行分析.结果表明:当烧结温度为1220℃时,梯度涂层与钢基体的界面结合强度达到25.3MPa,涂层主要由α-Al2O3,AlFeO3和NiFe2O4等物相组成.Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层与钢基体的结合主要通过吸附与扩散化合两种方式共同起作用.涂层中没有明显的孔洞和平整的界面,且有树枝状组织生成,涂层与钢基体实现良好的结合,这表明涂层成分的梯度化设计能够有效地缓和界面处的应力集中,改善涂层与钢基体的界面结合状态,提高涂层材料的使用性能.     

对金属表面有机氟涂层的一点认识

本文主要研究了在钢磷化基体和铝合金微弧氧化基体上涂覆聚四覆乙烯的工艺过程、质量欠佳的原因和一些力学性能。我们可以观察得到,对于同一涂覆层数,铝合金微弧氧化基体上的涂层厚度要远大于钢磷化基体上涂层的厚度。用压痕法测定涂层的维氏硬度,我们可以得出,随着涂覆层数的增多,涂层的硬度逐步减小,塑韧性增强。而对于同一涂覆层数,钢磷化基体上覆塑料涂层硬度要大于铝合金微弧氧化基体上的涂层硬度[1]。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.