傅里叶变换数字全息图的记录与 再现及实时化研究

为了有效的记录和再现物体的数字全息图,搭建了以液晶光阀(LCD)为透镜的傅里叶数字全息装置。根据全息理论,分析了傅里叶数字全息的记录、再现及实验原理,并进行了相应的数字图像处理,结果表明,傅里叶变换数字全息再现算法简单,缩短了再现周期,可实现准实时化。并成功应用傅里叶变换全息来对字母和数字进行实时相干识别。     

基于椭圆形滤波器的三维数据逆向建模技术

本文提出一种基于新滤波的算法——基于椭圆形滤波器的傅里叶变换轮廓术(EFTP),用于提取携带重构三维表面轮廓必不可少的相位信息的载频信号。与传统Bartlett、Blackman-Harris、Hamming和Hanning滤波窗函数相比,椭圆形滤波器滤波窗函数(Elliptical)能更好地滤出携带有物体高度信息的载频信号。通过传统滤波器与椭圆滤波器的滤波对比试验可知,基于椭圆滤波傅里叶轮廓测量技术的高度均方根误差略小于其它滤波算法,使用椭圆滤波器能有效减少误差,提高轮廓测量的精度,试验证明了该滤波方法的有效性和可行性。     

统计最优柱面近场声全息

由于全息声压测量点的离散性,在基于空间傅里叶变换的柱面近场声全息中会引入混叠误差;另一方面,由于测量面尺寸的有限性,会在该种全息技术中引入窗效应和卷绕误差。为了克服窗效应及卷绕误差,提出了统计最优柱面近场声全息技术,它通过空间域中全息柱面上复声压的线性叠加来反演重建面上的声学量,不需要借助空间傅里叶变换来实现全息重建,故可以克服窗效应和卷绕误差。数值分析的结果表明,统计最优柱面近场声全息要优于基于空间傅里叶变换的柱面近场声全息。     

基于微透镜阵列的三维数字成像

基于微透镜阵列多视角成像特点, 利用几何光学原理,提出一种对物体进行三维数字成像的重构算法.利用这种算法,对CCD相机捕获到的基元图像阵列进行重构.与传统的利用光学系统对物体进行重构的方法相比,该算法不再受到重构过程中遇到的杂光以及衍射效应等因素的影响,具有实时性好、清晰度高的优点.搭建了基于微透镜阵列的三维数字成像系统实验平台,利用此算法对实验中获得的骰子基元图像阵列进行重构,成功地重构出原始物体的三维立体图像,在理论上和实验上证明了这种重构算法的有效性和可行性,并对实验中影响成像质量的因素进行了分析.     

光学全息的数字实现

研究光学全息的数字模拟,探讨数字全息的数字重构方法,以菲涅耳衍射积分的实现方法为基础,采用MATLAB软件实现菲涅耳全息图的数字记录和数字重构模拟,给出模拟结果.利用离散菲涅耳衍射积分方法完成数字全息图的数字重构.利用数字图像处理方法对所得的数字全息图进行适当滤波处理,有利于消除零级像和孪生像,获得清晰的数字再现像.引入全息变换,根据全息图的不可撕毁性,研究了全息变换在数字图像压缩中的应用,对给定的二值化图像实现压缩存储及解压缩处理.     

基于波数域外推方法的近场声全息

在基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)法的近场声全息技术中,为了减小算法误差对结果的影响,要求测量面(全息孔径)至少为声源面积的2倍。由于要求的全息孔径较大,该技术测量工作异常繁琐以及在大尺寸结构上应用困难。分析基于FFT法的近场声全息技术中算法误差产生的机理,并引入声压外推过程予以克服,得到基于波数域外推方法的近场声全息。该方法能有效抑制重建过程中算法误差的影响,不再须要靠增大全息孔径来减小误差,因此在小全息孔径条件下仍具有较高精度。仿真和试验结果表明,该方法在小全息孔径条件下取得了良好效果,显著减小了对全息孔径大小的要求,从而方便了工程运用。     

数字全息三维显示关键技术与系统综述

三维全息显示能够表现出与真实物体一样的深度和视差,是一种理想的三维显示方法.但是,三维物体计算全息图计算复杂且计算量巨大,因此,如何快速生成三维物体计算全息图是数字三维全息动态显示中的关键问题之一.本文首先论述了数字全息三维显示的关键技术,包括物点散射法、体视全息法、层析法等三种三维物体计算全息图实现方法,一种RGB分离的真彩色全息显示实现方法和若干提高全息再现像质的方法;然后对几种最新典型的数字三维全息显示系统进行了技术分析;最后总结了数字全息三维显示领域的发展动态,指出三维全息显示技术会朝着实时、动态、更大尺寸、更高分辨率方向发展.     

红外层析成像重构算法比较

光学层析成像具有分辨率高、无损伤性、便携性、连续性等特点,本文研究了光学层析成像图像重构两种常用的算法——直接傅里叶算法（DF）和滤波反投影算法（FBP）的理论方法。通过对在不同扫描投影角度数目下的图像进行模拟层析后,采用这两种算法进行了图像重构,比较了重构图像和原图像的均方差、重构时间和行像素值,结果证明DF算法的重构时间短、效率高,但重构图像的质量较低,而FBP算法重构结果的均方差低、质量好,但存在重构时间长、效率低的缺点。     

射线源平移扫描 CT 解析重建算法研究

微焦CT通过圆周扫描可对处于视场内的物体实现高分辨力成像。针对超出视场的大物体CT成像,一种射线源平移扫描CT(STCT)被提出。STCT采用射线源直线运动的方式采集投影数据,具有结构简单、应用灵活等特点。由于在STCT扫描过程中,每个位置的射线只能照射到部分物体,投影数据存在截断。为了提高重建效率和处理截断投影数据,提出了基于数据重组的滤波反投影重建算法(rFBP),该算法基于STCT扫描特性和X射线衰减性质,通过对置射线源采样点与探测器像元,将截断投影数据重组为全局投影数据,并在此基础上推导了rFBP算法表达式。仿真和实物实验结果验证了rFBP算法的有效性与实用性,重建时间综合缩短至SIRT算法的0.6%。rFBP算法能避免截断伪影,准确、高效地重建STCT图像。     

基于矢量阵测量的振速重构近场声全息技术

近场声全息技术是一种声源识别和声场可视化技术,它通过在辐射体的近场测量声压数据可以重建和预测出整个三维空间声场的声学量.针对水中声源的振速重构问题,采用质点振速测量来进行声全息重构,推导基于振速重构的平面近场声全息技术的重建公式.利用所编制的程序进行仿真验证,采用矢量水听器进行水中全息试验,验证矢量阵应用于水中近场全息测量的可行性和准确性.试验结果表明,该技术在水中声源辐射声场的噪声源识别和定位中有着明显的优势.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.