毒重石尾矿钡渣制取高纯氯化钡的研究

通过改进的两次盐酸浸取法将毒重石尾矿钡渣中的钡转化为氯化钡实现二次回收,考察了包括液固比、盐酸浓度、浸取时间、浸取温度等因素对除杂提钡效果的影响。实验结果表明,第一步盐酸洗渣能将铁、钙、锶等杂质酸化为相应的氯盐,并将其大部分转入液相,所得含钡滤渣进行第二步盐酸浸取,得氯化钡溶液。实验优化工 艺条件：第一步盐酸洗渣,液固质量比为1∶2,盐酸浓度为1 mol/L;第二步盐酸浸取,液固质量比为7∶1,盐酸浓度为 2 mol/L,浸取时间为2 h,浸取温度为70 ℃,钡的回收率可达95%;第三步氯化钡粗品精制,用草酸进一步沉淀钙、锶,调节滤液pH为3,滤液蒸发浓缩结晶,晶体经无水乙醇洗涤后烘干,所得氯化钡产品纯度可达99.9%。     

溶剂萃取法分离锌锰金属离子的实验研究

以软锰矿和锌精矿同槽酸浸取得到硫酸锌、硫酸锰混合液,研究了从混合溶液中萃取分离锌离子、锰离子的萃取剂的选择以及适宜的萃取条件.实验结果表明,磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(P204)萃取锌的能力优于磷酸三丁酯(TBP),在室温、相比A/O=2∶ 1、萃取时间10 min、萃取级数5级、溶液pH为4.0,P204的体积分数为40%时,萃取率达到95%,萃取相锌质量浓度为27.15 g/L.反萃液为0.8 mol/L的稀硫酸,4级反萃,反萃液锌质量浓度可达到89.9 g/L,在此基础上提出了从软锰矿和锌精矿同槽酸浸取液中用P204萃取锌的工艺.     

从废弃防腐涂料中回收锌的工艺研究

以废弃防腐涂料为原料,在湿法冶金工艺的基础上,结合原料特点,提出酸浸-萃取-电积的湿法冶炼清洁生产工艺回收废料中的金属锌。结果表明,最佳工艺条件:用浓度2 mol/L的硫酸溶液,浸取时间为2 h,浸取温度为25℃,液固比为15∶1的条件下,锌的浸出率为62.36%;在pH值为4,有机相配比为2∶8(质量分数20%的P204与80%煤油),油水相比为1∶1的条件下,萃取率可达48.48%。然后经过萃取和反萃可获得符合锌电积要求的硫酸锌溶液,最后电积得到锌粉(质量分数99.99%),回收率可达96.5%,是一种节能、经济、环保的新工艺。     

锌灰制备活性氧化锌工艺

以炼锌厂废锌灰为原料,经硫酸浸取,考察了不同工艺条件对锌的浸出率的影响.实验结果表明:锌灰在50℃下浸取,pH值为1.5时,可使锌灰中锌的溶出率达92.9%.碱式碳酸锌最佳水解温度为40℃,水解时间为2h,pH值为7.5时,溶液中锌含量为10g/L,得到96%以上的水解率.     

从含铜电镀污泥中回收铜和铁的工艺研究

为了回收电镀污泥中的有价金属,提出了以含铜电镀污泥为原料,制备硫酸铜和氧化铁红的工艺流程,并确定了从含铜电镀污泥中回收铜和铁的工艺参数。试验采用硫酸浸取含铜污泥,铜和铁的浸取率分别为98.73%,97.91%;采用N902-磺化煤油-硫酸萃取分离体系萃取分离浸取液中的铜和铁,工艺条件为：水相pH为1.5～1.7,萃取剂体积分数为30%,相比O/A=1∶1,反萃液硫酸浓度为4 mol/L。试验结果表明,通过该工艺处理含铜电镀污泥,铜的回收率大于92%,铁的回收率达到88%以上。     

高炉瓦斯泥中有价金属锌和铋的回收利用

以高炉炼铁瓦斯泥为原料，采用湿法浸取回收其中的有价金属锌、铋以制备氧化锌和氯氧化铋。考察了一些主要因素对锌、铋浸取过程的影响，确定了浸取的最佳工艺条件。锌浸取过程最佳工艺条件：浸取温度50℃，氨水质量浓度0．1406g／mL，碳酸氢铵质量浓度0．0998g／mL，液固比3mL／g，浸取时间120min。铋浸取过程最佳工艺条件：浸取温度50℃，硫酸质量浓度0．1292g／mL，氯化钠质量浓度0．0361g／mL，液固比8．2mL／g，浸取时间60min。在此条件下，锌、铋的收率分别为70．0％和72．0％，产品氧化锌、氯氧化铋的质量分数分别达98％和92％以上。开发出一种从钢铁冶金企业瓦斯泥中回收利用有价金属锌和铋的二次资源综合利用的方法。     

溶胀/溶解法回收HTPB推进剂中AP组分的实验研究

采用溶胀/溶解法回收报废HTPB推进剂中的AP。研究了浸取时间、浸取温度、四氢呋喃质量分数、液料比(四氢呋喃溶液体积与HTPB推进剂的质量比)、试样厚度及搅拌速率对AP回收率的影响。通过扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪对回收得到的AP进行表征,并对其纯度进行了检测。结果表明,AP的最佳回收工艺参数为:浸取时间6h、浸取温度60℃、四氢呋喃质量分数80%、液料比10∶1(mL/g)、试样厚度3mm、搅拌速率500r/min。其中,浸取时间、浸取温度和四氢呋喃质量分数对AP回收率的影响较大。在最佳工艺条件下,AP的回收率为95.0%,纯度为96.1%,表明此方法可用于报废HTPB推进剂中AP组分的回收。     

电解锰渣盐酸浸取钙的动力学研究

以电解锰加工过程中产生的酸性废渣为原料,以盐酸为浸取剂,对电解锰渣中的钙进行浸取实验研究。结果表明：盐酸浓度为3 mol/L、液固体积质量比为6 mL/g、反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为60 min的条件下,钙的浸取率为94.2%。酸浸过程的动力学分析表明,锰渣中钙的酸浸反应过程符合收缩核模型,受化学反应控制,其反应的表观活化能Ea为43.96 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.872 5。     

锌灰制备活性氧化锌工艺的研究

以冶炼厂废锌灰为原料,经硫酸浸取,考察了不同工艺条件对锌的浸出率的影响。实验结果表明:锌灰在50℃下浸取,pH值为1.5时,可使锌灰中锌的溶出率达93.5%。碱式碳酸锌最佳水解温度为40℃,水解时间为2 h,pH值为7.5时,溶液中锌含量为12 g/L,得到96%以上的水解率。     

采用盐酸溶液从废旧锂离子电池正极还原浸取钴

采用盐酸和双氧水体系为浸取液对废旧锂离子电池正极进行还原处理。正交实验表明,影响Co2+浸出率几种因素强度顺序为:HC l浓度>固液比>H2O2-HCl体积比>反应温度>反应时间。最佳浸取条件为:HCl浓度为3 mol/L,H2O2-HCl体积比为1∶15,反应时间90 min,反应温度80℃,固-液比(g/mL)为1∶50。此时,Co2+浸出率达到99.6%。     

The rate of zinc deposition at zinc Amalgam and zinc metal

The reduction of Zn²⁺ ions in KCl (pH 3.0) has been investigated at Hg, Zn(Hg) and solid Zn. A reaction scheme is suggested by analogy with Cu(su2+) reduction     

Comparative electrochemical studies of zinc chromate and zinc phosphate as corrosion inhibitors for zinc

The anticorrosive performance of two inhibitive pigments, zinc chromate and zinc phosphate, was compared using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) in pigment extracts in 0.1 M NaCl. It was observed that zinc was protected from corrosion in both extracts. In tests using hot dip galvanised steel painted with an epoxy primer incorporating the pigments, the SVET detected the anodic and cathodic distribution along the scribes, although no significant differences were observed among the various primers. On the contrary, EIS was able to distinguish processes occurring on the metal surface exposed by the scribe in different samples. For primers with anticorrosive pigment, a time constant at high frequencies was attributed to a layer of protective nature, probably formed by metal ions from the substrate and inhibitive ions leached from the anticorrosive pigments.     

用锌渣制备高纯氧化锌

介绍了利用锌渣为原料生产高纯氧化锌的方法。采用黄铁矾法除去大部分铁，通过控制ｐＨ值进一步除铁，用锌粉或锌屑还原除去重金属，用氨水为沉淀剂，最终可使氧化锌的含量达９９．８６％以上。     

电镀锌及锌合金发展现状

综述了近年来锌电镀、锌舍金电镀、锌基复合电镀、锌合金基复合电镀的研究与应用现状，并对纳米技术在锌及锌合金电镀中的应用提出了展望。     

锌灰制备碱式碳酸锌和超细氧化锌及表征

室温下采用氨浸出锌灰制得碱式碳酸锌,再经煅烧制得超细氧化锌。研究了在合成碱式碳酸锌过程中表面活性剂对碱式碳酸锌和氧化锌颗粒尺寸与形貌的影响。结果表明,聚乙二醇（PEG20000）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP-K30）这两种表面活性剂对颗粒的分散效果最好,制得的碱式碳酸锌颗粒为无定形片状且分散均匀,平均粒径为1 μm,煅烧后的氧化锌颗粒为六方晶系纤锌矿结构,粒径约为0.7 μm。添加PVP-K30比添加PEG20000的碱式碳酸锌热分解温度高。添加PEG和PVP的碱式碳酸锌反应活化能分别为139.9 kJ/mol和146.8 kJ/mol。     

Growth of zinc dendrites in acidic zinc chloride solutions

The heights and widths of zinc dendrites were measured in pure zinc chloride solutions in the concentration and pH range prevailing in zinc-halogen load leveling batteries.At constant overpotential the height increases linearly with time, indicating a constant growth rate. The higher the concentration and the overpotential, the faster is the growth. The critical overpotential for initiation of dendrite growth is 14 mV independent on the concentration. The growth rate increases when the pH decreases. The influence of hydrogen gas evolved at low pH on the growth rate is discussed. Propagation rate is discussed in terms of an extended Barton-Bockris model. When the height of the dendrite is smaller than the diffusion layer thickness, mass transport to the tip is linear and the dendrite propagates in an exponential manner. When the height is larger than the diffusion layer, mass transport to the tip is spherical and the propagation is linear with time. At constant overpotential the widht is a linear function of the square root of the height, indicating that the dendrite has a shape which is preserved during the growth and the tip radius is maintained constant as predicted by the theory.     

Electrodeposition of zinc from high acid zinc chloride solutions

Electrowinning of zinc from zinc chloride solutions, acidified by HCl, was conducted in a cation exchange membrane cell. The current efficiency was correlated with the deposit morphology. The deposits having lesser surface defects, which act as active sites for hydrogen adsorption, exhibited higher current efficiency. The (1 1 0) preferred texture was observed on the deposits grown in high acid solution containing gelatin. High temperature (40 ºC) and high current density decreased the current efficiency and the preferred texture.     

The electrodeposition of zinc from acidified zinc sulphate solution

In the electrodeposition of zinc from acidified zinc sulphate solutions the loss in current efficiency (CE) due to evolution of hydrogen at the cathode has often been attributed to the presence of metal impurities, and it has been thought that in a pure solution the CE would be 100%. In this paper it is argued that, whatever the degree of purity achieved, hydrogen must always be produced simultaneously with zinc. At the start of electrolysis the CE is determined solely by the zinc/acid ratio, but when impurities are present the CE falls progressively as electrodeposition proceeds. Further, colloid silica which is always present in plant solutions is not responsible for the CE falling below 100%, nor are the lead anodes that are used in practice. Some effects of manganese, both at the anode and the cathode, are reported. The deleterious influences of cobalt and manganese together are also discussed.     

Relative yield and zinc uptake by rice from zinc sulphate and zinc oxide coatings onto urea

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is prevalent worldwide and is a barrier to achieving yield goals in crops. It is also now recognized as a leading risk factor for disease in humans in developing countries. In general, soil application of 5–17 kg of Zn ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ as zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) or more is recommended. However, in developing rice growing countries of Asia, ZnSO₄ of desired quality is not readily available and is also quite expensive, so the farmers generally fail to apply Zn, resulting in rice crop yield loss. Availability of Zn-coated urea guarantees not only the availability of quality Zn but also ensures its application. Field experiments were therefore conducted during the rice seasons of 2005 and 2006 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the relative efficiency of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% Zn as ZnSO₄- or zinc oxide (ZnO)-coated ureas for rice. Soil application of ZnSO₄ was also compared in 2006. Rice grain and straw yields, Zn concentrations in grain and straw, and Zn uptake by rice increased with the level of Zn coating onto urea. Crop response was the highest with 2.0% ZnSO₄-coated urea, and higher than with the same rate of ZnO-coated urea, possibly related to the higher water solubility of Zn in ZnSO₄. Crop response with ZnSO₄-coated urea was also higher than with the same rate of ZnSO₄ and urea applied separately to the soil. However, apparent recovery data suggest that 1.0% coating with ZnSO₄ may be a better choice from the point of view of the utilization of applied Zn. Increased Zn concentrations in rice grain due to application of Zn-coated urea is important from the point of view of Zn nutrition of humans, since rice is the staple food in developing countries of Asia. Also, increased Zn concentrations in rice straw is of importance as regards cattle nutrition since in developing countries of Asia rice straw is the major feed for farm cattle.     

机械镀锌过程锌球产生的原因分析

采用体视显微镜观察了机械镀锌镀层及锌球和玻璃珠介质的表面形貌,采用ICP-AES和XRD分析了所产生锌球的化学成分及物相组成,并给出了预防锌球产生的措施.结果表明,锌球由锌,锡、铁3种单质构成,其产生原因是冲击介质表面存在较多的凹坑或麻点,或镀桶内添加的Sn过量.