An antiknock additive of the new generation

An antiknock additive which is a mixture of an aromatic amine, an antioxidant, the straight-run naphtha cut of naphthene-aromatic base crude oil, and chloro-and isoparaffins, is proposed. The additive is given antiknock activity by passing it through a catalyst — manganese — at the boiling point and atmospheric pressure. In a concentration of 0.03–0.2 wt. %, the additive increases the motor octane number of low-octane motor fuels by 5–14 points. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 17–19, January–February, 2008.     

Petroleum Binder — A Foundry Binder for Production of Molds and Rods

A new petroleum product — foundry binder — which has been successfully tested in pilot-industrial conditions and is recommended for industrial production, was obtained from asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid using a narrow naphtha cut as diluent. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 2005.     

Adsorption of hydrocarbon sorbates

Sorption of the hydrocarbon components of motor fuels on silica gel sorbents was investigated. The results of the study form the basis for recommending medium-pore industrial silica gels KSS-3 and KSS-4 for use as effective sorbents for recovery of hydrocarbon sorbates-components of motor fuels. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 30–32, March–April, 2006.     

Physicochemical principles of preparation of emulsion fuels

The basic physicochemical principles of preparation of emulsion fuel compositions based on heavy and extra-heavy crude cuts were analyzed with consideration of the nature and content of the phases constituting the emulsion, type of chemical additives — emulsifiers and stabilizers, and type of equipment for production of emulsion fuels. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 51–56, September–October, 2007.     

In the interdepartmental committee on approval and use of fuels, oils, and special fluids

An article by N. A. Usakova, N. N. Grishin, and V. A. Okruzhinov entitled “State testing, certification, and standardization of new fuels and oils” was published in issue No. 2 of the journal in the “Current Problems” section; it discussed problems and achievements in quality control of petroleum products — fuel and lube materials and special fluids from the stage of development to the final stage — organization of industrial production. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 10 – 11, September – October, 1999.     

By-products from production of fuels and lube oils. New possibilities for utilization

The possibility of using by-products from production of fuels and lube oils for manufacturing new coolants to replace the high-quality ceresin-wax products and synthetic resins supplied from abroad — substitutes of products of natural origin (vegetable oils, colophony), and expensive and scarce petrochemical products (indene-coumarone, styrene-indene resins, etc.) was examined.. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 3–5, November–December, 2007.     

Experience in Operating Type 43-102 Cat Crackers on Ts-100 Catalyst

Two-years of experience in operating two type 43-102 cat crackers on the new Ts-100 industrial catalyst, which replaced Ts-10 catalyst without changing the conditions, are generalized. The yield of naphtha cut increased by 3–4 wt. % in this period, the sum of light cuts increased to 75–76 wt. %, and the motor octane number (MON) of the naphtha cut increased from 78 to 79.5 %. The catalyst consumption rate decreased from 1.9 to 1.6 kg/ton and the servicing interval increased to 1.5 years. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 12 – 14, November – December, 2005.     

Stabilization of distillate fuels in storage

Research on the search for and development of highly efficient stabilizers for distillate hydrocarbon fuels based on nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with two and three heteroatoms and derivatives of sterically hindered phenols is generalized in the present review. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 34 – 36, March — April, 2000.     

Motor oil for heavily loaded diesel engineering

A new motor oil — AZMOL GARANT M-4042 VT — was developed for two-and four-cycle heavy-duty, heavily loaded diesel engines. A distinctive feature of this oil is the complex zinc-and barium-containing additives of the dithiophosphate type it contains — MASMA-1606, which ensured high lubricant and antioxidant properties. The oil was approved for production and use after testing with positive results. Ukraine specifications were developed for the oil: TU U 23.2-00152365-229:2006. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 26–28, May–June, 2008.     

Membrane Separation of Stable Gas Condensates

Essentially new, environmentally clean technology for production of motor fuels from stable gas condensate using membranes that separate the feedstock on the molecular level is examined. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 10 – 11, November – December, 2005.     

Fuel additives. Development and use in 2001–2005

The situation in development and use of fuel additives in 2001–2005 was examined based on published and patent data. The basic types of additives that satisfy the increasing requirements for motor fuels were characterized. The additives market in Russia was especially examined. Production of modern fuels at Russian oil refineries is dependent on importing foreign additives to a great degree. However, in the last five years, domestic development of additives corresponding to the current level and capable of replacing imports has occurred. The most important promising directions in development of additives in the near future were formulated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 47–56, March–April, 2007.     

Determination of the cloud and solid points of diesel fuels on the Fazafot photocolorimeter

A method for determining the cloud and solid points of summer and winter diesel fuels on a Fazafot photocolorimeter is described. The instrument was calibrated with solutions of individual waxes in naphtha to determine the absorption coefficient and calculate the wax content in diesel fuels based on their optical density. The temperature range of clouding of the solution is directly proportional to the distillation range of the waxes in the fuel and the hysteresis between the cooling and heating curves is inversely proportional to the width of the wax cut. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 48–52, July–August, 2007.     

The carcinogenicity of wood tars

In 1932–1933 when chemical carcinogens—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)—first began to be manufactured, studies were begun concerning their separation from coal tar [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2000.     

Principles for selection of extraction systems and combined processes for separation and treatment of petroleum products

The parameters and results of extraction and combined processes for separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from reformates, production of environmentally clean motor fuels, and increasing the quality of vacuum gasoils and atmospheric resid as feedstock for hydrocatalytic processes are reported. Principles are formulated for selecting extraction systems and combined methods that will increase the selectivity and efficiency of separation of petroleum products and expand the assortment of feedstock used. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 12–14, May–June, 2007.     

Kazakhstan crude oils as sources of feedstock for asphalt production

The results of a study of the physicochemical properties of West Kazakhstan crudes — from the Karaturun, Karsak, and Kara-Arna fields — are reported. The possibility of using these crudes for asphalt production is demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 34–36, May–June, 2008.     

Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

Petroleum impregnating and protective materials for railroad cross ties

Almost all wood materials — for construction and repair of railroads, for the mining industry, for telephone and electric power poles — must be protected from rotting, that is preserved to increase the lifetime. The Russian economy is suffering enormous material losses because of the insufficiently serious attitude toward this problem. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8 – 9, September – October, 1999.     

Conversions of hydrocarbons on ACM catalyst at atmospheric pressure

Aluminum—cobalt—molybdenum catalyst (ACMC) is used for hydrotreating platforming feedstock. Due to the tendency toward gradual replacement of this catalyst by more efficient aluminum—nickel—molybdenum catalyst, the problem of use of ACMC can arise. As demonstrated here, it can be used in reforming of naphtha cuts of gas condensates at atmospheric pressure in small units directly in the fields. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 39 – 41, July – August, 2000.     

Manufacture of Motor Fuels on IK-30-BIMT Catalyst

The possibility of manufacturing high-octane gasolines and winter diesel fuel with a low n-alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon content from high-sulfur petroleum distillates with an endpoint under 350°C in one stage was demonstrated. The octane number of the gasolines is regulated by the mass feedstock space velocity. The catalyst used allows obtaining environmentally clean high-octane gasolines and diesel fuels without additional hydrotreating. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 20 – 22, September – October, 2005.     

Deoiling of slack waxes using a pulsed crystallizer

A process was developed for deoiling of slack waxes with a pulsed crystallizer which proposes totally eliminating scraper crystallizers — regenerative and evaporative — from the process scheme. Exhaustively deoiled waxes are obtained with significantly simplified implementation of the process and reduced operating costs. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8–9, September–October, 2008.