TA15钛合金筒-锥复合曲母线构件旋压成形工艺研究

TA15钛合金作为一种高比强度结构材料具有良好的室温和高温强度、热稳定性能,广泛应用于飞机、导弹和发动机等飞行器,实现关键受力构件的减重要求.本文针对钛合金筒-锥复合曲母线构件的特点,重点开展了TA15钛合金薄壁曲母线构件热旋压成形技术的研究,采用剪切旋压预成形,强力旋压/普通旋压多道次复合旋压终成形的工艺方案,获得了成形质量较好的TA15钛合金筒-锥复合曲母线旋压件.建立了多道次曲母线构件的有限元模型,结合旋压实验解释了强旋/普旋复合成形过程中出现的典型缺陷产生机制.对热旋压过程坯料的显微组织观察分析发现,剪切旋压对显微组织具有一定程度的晶粒破碎作用,多道次强旋/普旋复合旋压成形后显微组织沿构件轴向和切向都发生伸长.经历剪切旋压和多道次强旋普旋复合旋压成形后,坯料的微观组织更加细化,且均匀性得到改善.TA15钛合金旋压成形工件的单向拉伸实验结果表明,相对于原始坯料旋压件强度明显提高,塑性略有下降.     

大尺寸薄壁LF6铝合金筒体旋压成形技术

目的研究大尺寸薄壁LF6铝合金流动旋压成形工艺的可行性。方法采用锻件毛坯反向流动旋压技术,通过设计高精度的旋压模具,将模具与旋压机床采用法兰结构形式固定,模具与产品采用固定卡槽形式固定。旋压过程分三道次进行,以控制每道次减薄率,同时每道次采用不同的进给速度和旋压转速;三道次减薄率分别采用24.3%,32.2%,28.6%,进给速度分别采用1.4,1.2,1 mm/r,旋压转速分别采用200,200,100 r/min。结果实现了锻件壁厚由8.2 mm分别减薄到6.2,4.2,3 mm,锻件长度由650 mm增长到840,1250,1800 mm,同时旋压产品的圆度达到了0.2 mm,整个长度方向壁厚公差为±0.07 mm,母线方向直线度为0.2mm。结论采用流动旋压技术实现了大尺寸薄壁LF6铝合金筒体的加工,解决了大尺寸薄壁LF6铝合金筒体成形的技术难题,同时生产的产品已在型号上得到了应用。     

合金钢旋压塑流变形稳定性试验研究

中碳合金钢退火状态可旋性良好,累计变薄率为80%,未见裂纹出现.强力旋压属局部连续塑性成形工艺,很适宜大直径筒形件塑性成形.变薄旋压中碳合金钢筒形件,与卷焊成形相比,可强化组织性能,降低筒体重量,提高使用效果.试验旨在探讨中碳合金钢筒形件旋压成形的稳定性,通过变形区三向接触面积塑流试验研究,筒体变形体积与力能的分析,以及优化工艺参数和确定合理工艺过程,旋出了高精度筒形件,同时进行了批量旋压生产.     

2024铝合金异形孔渐进成形工艺研究

目的 研究材料的渐进成形翻边性能。方法 使用一种硬铝合金AA2024-O,进行渐进成形圆孔翻边实验和异形孔翻边实验,并且研究了不同成形路径的多道次渐进成形对异形孔翻边零件的影响。结果 AA2024-O渐进成形翻边的极限翻边系数是0.89,材料渐进成形的翻边成形性能高于冲压翻边成形性能;异形孔翻边零件各段的高度和减薄率存在差异。结论 压缩类翻边区域和直线段翻边区域的翻边高度较高,减薄率较小,不易发生破裂;而内曲圆弧部分属于伸长类翻边,在厚度方向减薄严重,容易破裂;内曲圆弧半径越小,变形越大,越容易破裂;成形角改变的多道次异形孔翻边件破裂严重,而成形深度改变的多道次异形孔翻边件质量比单道次翻边的翻边件质量要好。     

大型薄壁铝合金半球壳体旋压成形工艺研究

为满足航天用大型薄壁球形贮箱壳体整体成形需求,采用冲压预成型和旋压相结合的工艺方法,通过对预成形件形状、旋压轨迹、道次等工艺参数的研究,获得了合理的大型薄壁铝合金球形壳体整体成形工艺,制造出精度符合使用要求的薄壁贮箱壳体。工艺研究结果表明,冲压预成型件的形状、尺寸精度及旋压过程中普旋道次、强旋减薄率均对最终产品成形精度有显著影响。采用冲压预成型与旋压结合的工艺方法能够提高生产效率,发挥旋压工艺和设备的优势,使大型薄壁球形贮箱壳体的整体成形得以实现。     

基于 AUTOFORM 的汽车前围横梁连接板的数值分析与实验研究

目的分析汽车前围横梁连接板的冲压成形过程。方法以板料成形非线性分析软件AUTOFORM为平台,对汽车前围横梁连接板的冲压成形过程进行CAE分析。根据模拟结果(成形极限图、材料流动分布及材料变薄率),对拉延型面及工艺参数进行了优化。结果所得零件材料最大减薄率为14.6%,在B340LA(t=1.0 mm)材质减薄率安全范围内(16.9%),零件型面球化处角部无暗伤及拉裂,翻边处材料流动均匀,无开裂风险,成形结果得到大大改善。结论 CAE仿真能够预测零件成形过程中存在的缺陷,优化工艺参数,指导模具设计工作。最后将优化结果用于指导实际生产,得到了符合质量要求的零件。     

铜合金厚板封头零件的旋压加工

目的加工出8 mm厚的较大尺寸铜合金封头零件。方法利用卧式数控旋压机,采用普旋成形进行封头零件的制备。结果通过工艺试验摸索采用卧式数控强力旋压机进行普旋,加工出厚度8 mm的铜合金球形封头零件,拓宽了设备的加工范围,开创了厚板普旋成形的先例,为铜合金球形零件的旋压加工增添了一条新方案。结论采用普旋加工厚板铜合金材料封头类零件是可行的,相对其他加工方案具有一定的成本优势,应对材料的减薄、解决零件贴模是旋压加工成败的关键。     

双辊夹持板料旋压成形过程塑性变形行为的研究

双辊夹持式板料旋压成形是用来加工薄壁回转体法兰零件的新工艺。为了研究其旋压成形过程中的塑性变形行为,利用ABAQUS软件建立了双辊夹持旋压成形过程的三维有限元模型,并进行了薄壁回转体法兰零件的旋压成形过程的数值模拟,获得了成形过程中等效应力、应变及壁厚的分布。研究了翻边长度对成形件应力应变及壁厚减薄率的影响规律。结果表明等效应力、应变及最大壁厚减薄率均随着翻边长度的增大而增大,由此根据不同的毛坯材料可以确定相应的最大翻边长度。     

三旋轮缩旋时金属变形规律研究

利用三旋轮自动错距旋压机对管坯进行缩旋成形实验,分别研究了缩径量和旋压道次等工艺参数对缩旋成形的影响规律,并探讨了其变形机理,结果表明,三旋轮缩旋时变形区坯料的壁厚减薄,轴向长度增加,壁厚减薄量与总的缩径量成正比,在缩径量相同的条件下,旋压道次增多,坯料壁厚减薄的程度也增大。     

耐热粉末铝合金筒体热旋成形试验

介绍了喷射沉积耐热铝合金管坯经挤压变形,变薄旋压筒体的研制过程;重点论述了热旋成形筒体的工艺路线.试验探讨了耐热铝合金的旋压温度为350～450℃,道次变薄率约为20%,累计变薄率约50%,需中间退火,退火温度宜取350℃.热旋结果认为,喷射沉积耐热粉末铝合金铸坯直接热旋成形困难,需经挤压比大于4的变形致密,有助于热旋成形.耐热粉末铝合金挤压坯加热变薄旋压,应采用小压下量多道次的变形过程,逐渐细化晶粒组织,才能旋出综合性能良好的筒形件.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.