ZrB2高温陶瓷钎焊接头的界面组织和性能

采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料对ZrB2-SiC陶瓷的真空钎焊工艺进行研究。借助SEM,EDS和XRD等分析测试手段,分析了接头的界面组织结构及性能。实验结果表明:接头界面产物主要有TiC,ZrC,Ti5Si3,Zr2Si,Zr(s,s),(Ti,Zr)(Ni,Cu)等。随着钎焊温度和钎焊保温时间的增加,钎焊接头中的Zr(s,s)层厚度不断增加,焊缝两侧灰色相Ti5Si3+Zr2Si的体积和数量逐渐增加并向焊缝中部生长伸展,焊缝接头中的黑色相TiC+ZrC的体积和数量明显增加,其分布贯穿整个焊缝。当钎焊温度为920℃,钎焊时间为10min时,钎焊接头的抗剪切强度最高,达到143.5MPa。     

钎焊工艺参数对C/C复合材料/Cu/Mo/TC4钎焊接头微观组织的影响

在钎焊温度为820～940℃,钎焊时间为1～30min的条件下,采用TiZrNiCu钎料、Cu/Mo复合中间层对C/C复合材料和TC4进行了钎焊实验。利用扫描电镜及能谱仪对接头的界面组织进行了研究。结果表明:在较低工艺参数下,Cu/C/C复合材料界面结构为Cu/Cu51Zr14/Ti2(Cu,Ni)+Ti(Cu,Ni)+TiCu+Cu2TiZr/TiC/C/C复合材料。随着工艺参数的提高,TiCu和Cu2TiZr反应相逐渐消失,Ti(Cu,Ni)2新相生成,此时的界面结构为Cu/Cu51Zr14/Ti2(Cu,Ni)+Ti(Cu,Ni)+Ti(Cu,Ni)2/TiC/C/C复合材料。钎焊工艺参数较高时界面结构为Cu/Cu51Zr14/Cu(s.s)+Ti(Cu,Ni)2/TiC/C/C复合材料。随着钎焊温度的增加以及保温时间的延长,界面反应层Cu51Zr14和TiC反应层厚度增加。     

SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢真空活性钎焊北大核心CSCD

采用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料,通过真空钎焊方法进行了SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢的连接,研究了接头的界面组织、特征点成分和物相,并探讨了钎焊温度(800～930℃)、保温时间(0～30 min)对接头界面组织和连接强度的影响。结果表明,SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢钎焊抗剪断口均发生在SiC陶瓷与钎料连接界面处,由于活性元素Ti的作用,在陶瓷与钎料的界面处形成了连续的反应层,反应生成了Ti C和Ti5Si3;在316L不锈钢与钎料的界面处,生成了Fe-Ti化合物和Cu-Ti化合物。随着钎焊温度升高及保温时间延长,接头强度均呈现出一个峰值,在温度为900℃,保温20 min的工艺条件下可获得最大接头抗剪强度。     

SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢真空活性钎焊

采用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料,通过真空钎焊方法进行了SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢的连接,研究了接头的界面组织、特征点成分和物相,并探讨了钎焊温度(800～930℃)、保温时间(0～30 min)对接头界面组织和连接强度的影响。结果表明,SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢钎焊抗剪断口均发生在SiC陶瓷与钎料连接界面处,由于活性元素Ti的作用,在陶瓷与钎料的界面处形成了连续的反应层,反应生成了Ti C和Ti5Si3;在316L不锈钢与钎料的界面处,生成了Fe-Ti化合物和Cu-Ti化合物。随着钎焊温度升高及保温时间延长,接头强度均呈现出一个峰值,在温度为900℃,保温20 min的工艺条件下可获得最大接头抗剪强度。     

SiO2陶瓷与TC4钛合金的钎焊研究

采用AgCu共晶钎料钎焊SiO2陶瓷与TC4钛合金,形成了良好接头.通过扫描电镜(SEM),能谱分析(EDS)以及X射线衍射分析(XRD)明确了接头生成物,确定了接头界面结构为TCA/Ti2Cu Ti(s,s)/Ti2Cu/TiCu Ti3Cu4 Ag(s.s)/Ag(s.s) Cu(s.s) TiCu/TiCu Cu2Ti4O/Al2(SiO4)O TiSi2/SiO2.研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对界面的影响,结果表明:当钎焊温度为850℃,保温时间为5min时,接头抗剪强度最高,其值为30MPa.     

采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料真空钎焊SiO2f/SiO2复合陶瓷与C/C复合材料

分别在880℃/10min和880℃/60min规范下,采用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料实现了SiO2f/SiO2复合陶瓷与C/C复合材料的真空钎焊连接,通过电子探针(EPMA)、能谱仪(XEDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了接头微观组织,室温下测试了接头的抗剪强度。结果表明:两种规范下所得接头界面结合良好,接头中靠近两侧母材均形成了一层扩散反应层,钎缝基体主要由均匀的共晶组织组成。880℃/10min规范下钎焊接头界面产物依次为:SiO2f/SiO2→Ti4O7→Ti5Si4+Cu(s,s)+Ag-Cu共晶合金→TiC→C/C;对于880℃/60min规范下的接头,界面组织结构与保温10min的接头基本类似,但是不存在Cu(s,s),并且接头反应层明显增厚。880℃/60min条件下所得钎焊接头剪切强度平均值为16.6MPa。     

SiC陶瓷真空钎焊接头的组织及性能分析

采用BNi-5钎料对SiC陶瓷进行真空钎焊,获得了力学性能良好的SiC钎焊接头,并对焊缝的微观结构和形成过程进行了分析。研究结果表明,Ni基钎料与SiC母材发生反应生成层状界面反应层结构,所形成的SiC钎焊接头钎缝微观形貌可以表述为:SiC母材/石墨+Ni_2Si/Ni_2Si/石墨+Ni_2Si/Cr_3Ni_2SiC/Ni+Cr_3Ni_5Si_2/Cr_3Ni_2SiC/石墨+Ni_2Si/Ni_2Si/石墨+Ni_2Si/SiC母材。所得SiC钎焊接头常温力学性能较好,平均钎焊接头剪切强度可达到124 MPa。Ni基钎料钎焊SiC陶瓷接头的断裂位置位于钎料与陶瓷基体间的界面反应层,主要原因是界面反应层中Ni_2Si和Cr_3Ni_2SiC等脆性化合物在钎焊接头拉伸变形过程中会产生应力集中,在残余钎焊应力的共同作用下钎焊接头发生断裂。     

用Ti50Cu＋W钎料连接Si／SiC复相陶瓷与殷钢的研究

采用真空钎焊方法,以Ti50Cu W钎料连接Si/SiC复相陶瓷与殷钢.观察分析了获得接头显微组织结构,测定了接头的力学性能,研究了工艺参数和增强相W含量对接头组织结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:采用Ti50Cu W钎料连接Si/SiC复相陶瓷与殷钢,可获得连接良好、组织致密的接头,W含量30%(体积分数),钎焊温度970℃,保温时间5rain时,接头室温剪切强度达到最大值106MPa.     

Al2O3陶瓷与金属镍的活性钎焊研究

由于物理和化学性质的差异,实现陶瓷与金属的连接比较困难.本实验使用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料钎焊镍与Al2O3陶瓷.对钎焊后的试件进行剪切试验,确定接头强度最高时的温度为1000℃,而温度低于960℃时无法成功钎焊镍与陶瓷,温度高于1000℃会使钎焊接头强度下降.采用材料测试分析方法对钎焊接头组织进行分析,发现Cu在接头内平均分布,Ag呈聚集态,而Ti分布在接头的两侧.反应产物中的元素包括Cu,Ti,Al,Zr,O等,Ti,Cu与Al2O3陶瓷发生反应在界面处生成复杂化合物,从而实现陶瓷与金属的连接.     

钎焊参数对Al2O3陶瓷/304不锈钢接头组织和性能的影响

本工作采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎焊了Al₂O₃陶瓷和304不锈钢,分别研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对Al₂O₃陶瓷/304不锈钢接头组织和性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：接头组织为Al₂O₃/Cu₃Ti₃O+TiCu/Ag(s, s)+Cu(s, s)+TiCu/Cu0.8Fe0.2Ti/Fe-Cr/304。当钎焊温度较低、保温时间较短时,Cu₃Ti₃O反应层较薄,Al₂O₃陶瓷与钎缝的结合较弱;在900℃保温10 min时,Cu₃Ti₃O反应层厚度为2.5μm,接头最大剪切强度为130.54 MPa;继续提高钎焊温度和延长保温时间,Cu₃Ti₃O反应层过厚,降低了钎缝的塑性变形能力。Cu₃Ti₃O反应层厚...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.