光束准直性对星间相干光通信外差效率的影响

以本振光为高斯光,信号光为艾里斑分布为前提,建立了空间相干光通信系统外差效率的理论模型.分别在信号光垂直入射和存在角失配入射的情况下,对外差效率进行了仿真分析.结果表明,当光敏感面半径与高斯光束腰半径之比为1.53,且高斯光束腰半径与系统F数之比为0.8时,能得到最佳的外差效率为83.3%;信号光与本振光在光敏感面混频时的非准直对外差效率的影响较大,随着失配角的增大外差效率逐渐降低,几毫弧度的失配将使外差效率减小到50%以下.     

基于阵列探测器的空间失配角匹配外差探测研究

空间失配角是影响外差探测的主要因素之一,很小的角度失配就会导致中频信号极为微弱。通过分析提出,外差信号的振幅可以视为探测器量子效率分布函数的傅里叶变换,基于此提出一种单元增益可调的阵列探测器接收方法。该方法通过设置阵列中探测单元的增益系数,使阵列有效量子效率分布函数的频谱特性匹配信号光与本振光形成的干涉光场,以此提高存在失配角时的中频信号的强度。通过对有效量子效率分布函数的调整,匹配不同角度入射的信号光,即可达到高速扫描探测的目的。     

声光偏转系统光束准直及探测效率研究

针对声光偏转效应相干探测信号光斑随射频信号变化的偏移特性,利用光斑重叠物理模型,研究了光斑结构与探测效率的关系,分析了光束准直、探测器有效光敏面半径以及本振光能量匹配等因素对相干光探测效率的影响。计算机仿真和实验测试验证表明,以能量分布均匀的光斑作为本振光斑,对信号光斑在一定范围内漂移的光斑重叠相干探测效率改善十分有利,空间失配角在±0.5 rad内,重叠效率下降不到5%;采用光斑压缩准直处理能有效保证系统混频光束准直性,并且重叠光斑能量利用率高,系统光学匹配好。     

基于标量衍射的星间相干激光通信外差效率研究

针对本振光为高斯分布,接收信号光经望远镜聚焦后为艾里分布的情况,首先对高斯和艾里函数用数值计算的方式得到两种光斑最大外差效率:当艾里斑直径和高斯光束束腰直径之比为1.719时,最大外差效率为81.45％;然后介绍了光的标量衍射和Zernike像差理论,分析了夫琅禾费衍射适用于相干聚焦光场的条件,计算了平面、高斯、艾里光场和Zernike像差的采样要求,对存在各种像差的光学系统的外差效率进行了仿真,分析了倾斜、离焦、像散、慧差、球差等基本像差及组合像差对外差效率的影响,结果表明:各种像差对外差效率的影响从低到高分别为像散、倾斜、离焦、慧差和球差;3 dB外差效率损失对应相干系统的指标为跟踪误差优于1μrad (RMS),组合波像差优于0.1λ.研究结果对相干激光通信系统的链路损耗分配和光机系统的工程设计具有指导意义.     

一种基于AODV的链路质量与能效优先的跨层路由协议

针对本振光为高斯分布, 接收信号光经望远镜聚焦后为艾里分布的情况, 首先对高斯和艾里函数用数值计算的方式得到两种光斑最大外差效率: 当艾里斑直径和高斯光束束腰直径之比为1.719时, 最大外差效率为81.45%; 然后介绍了光的标量衍射和Zernike像差理论, 分析了夫琅禾费衍射适用于相干聚焦光场的条件, 计算了平面、高斯、艾里光场和Zernike像差的采样要求, 对存在各种像差的光学系统的外差效率进行了仿真, 分析了倾斜、离焦、像散、慧差、球差等基本像差及组合像差对外差效率的影响, 结果表明: 各种像差对外差效率的影响从低到高分别为像散、倾斜、离焦、慧差和球差; 3dB外差效率损失对应相干系统的指标为跟踪误差优于1μrad(RMS), 组合波像差优于0.1λ。研究结果对相干激光通信系统的链路损耗分配和光机系统的工程设计具有指导意义。     

激光外差探测中的空间失配问题研究

基于高斯本振光与高斯信号光的激光外差探测系统物理模型,利用数值模拟的方法研究了空间失配角、偏移失配、本振光与信号光的光程差、探测器相对位置以及探测器光敏面直径等因素对外差效率及外差信号幅值的影响.结果表明:外差效率及外差信号幅值受空间失配角和偏移失配的影响较大;并针对实际激光外差探测系统中空间失配角及偏移失配等因素对外...     

合成孔径激光雷达外差探测的影响研究

现阶段合成孔径雷达(SAR)都采用外差探测,因其外差相干探测的优越性,成为研究和应用的热点。然而,在实际探测中,雷达接收系统接收到的回波激光信号与本地振荡光信号进行相干外差时,匹配具有一定难度。文中分析了信号光宇本振光的夹角对外差信号的影响。     

CO2激光脉冲外差信号偏振匹配研究

设计一个CO2激光脉冲外差中的脉冲信号光和连续本振光偏振匹配研究实验，从理论和实验上，分析了偏振态匹配程度对脉冲外差信号的影响，当两束光严重失配时，不仅降低脉冲外差效率，而且还将导致激光脉冲畸变，产生很强的连续波外差背景噪声，抑制脉宽内外差信号。     

基于点阵照明的APD阵列外差激光雷达外差效率的提高

当前研制的快速成像无扫描激光雷达系统由于激光器功率和信号损耗的限制,遇到了无法增大作用距离的瓶颈。结合光外差体制和APD阵列探测器设计的APD阵列外差探测激光雷达系统可以有效地解决这个问题。鉴于光学系统的外差效率能够直接影响外差激光雷达的性能,因此照明方式的设计是该套激光雷达系统的一个关键。经过分析,传统的直接扩束照明模式下系统的平均外差效率仅为10-5量级,远无法打到使用要求;因此提出了采用改进的点阵照明,并采用在阵列探测器前置微透镜阵列实现匹配接收的方式来解决这一问题。计算结果显示,经过优化后的点阵照明模式下的系统外差效率可达0.82,进而证明了采用点阵照明设计的APD阵列外差激光雷达系统的性能可以达到实用要求,为进一步开展APD阵列外差激光雷达的研究工作奠定了理论基础。     

新型声光通信激光多普勒信号的鉴频电路

根据激光多普勒测振技术进行声光通信的工作原理,设计一种新型、小型激光多普勒测振信号鉴频电路。该电路根据外差探测原理,本地振荡器输出信号与探测信号混频得到一路信号,经90°移相后的本地振荡器输出信号再与探测信号混频得到另一路信号,利用这两路信号得到了多普勒频移量和声源振动的频率。利用扬声器激发的水面模拟振源进行实验,表明该电路可有效测量的振动频率范围为300 Hz~10 kHz,证明可用于水下光声通信。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.