The indirect ultrasonic vibration process for rheo-squeeze casting of A356 aluminum alloy

The semisolid slurry of A356 Al alloy was prepared by indirect ultrasonic vibration (IUV) method and then formed by direct squeeze casting (SC). The effects of squeeze pressure and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rheo-squeeze casting (RSC) A356 Al alloy were investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of squeeze pressure, the average diameter of primary α-Al particles decreased, while the densities and mechanical properties of the samples increased. The effect of T6 heat treatment on the mechanical properties is more significant in RSC samples than in conventional SC samples. The tensile strength and elongation of T6 heat treated RSC samples under 100 MPa pressure are 338 MPa and 8%, respectively.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of melt-conditioned high-pressure die-cast Mg-Al-Ca alloy

A new shape casting process, melt-conditioned high-pressure die-casting （MC-HPDC） was developed. In this process, liquid metal was conditioned under intensively forced convection provided by melt conditioning with advanced shear technology （MCAST） unit before being transferred to a conventional cold chamber high-pressure die-casting （HPDC） machine for shape casting. The effect of melt conditioning was investigated, which was carried out both above and below the liquidus of the alloy, on the microstructure and properties of a Mg-Al-Ca alloy （AZ91D＋2%Ca （mass fraction）, named as AZX912）. The results show that many coarse externally-solidified crystals （ESCs） can be observed in the centre of conventional HPDC samples, and hot tearing occurs at the inter-dendritic region because of the lack of feeding. With the melting conditioning, the MC-HPDC samples not only have considerably refined size of ESCs but also have significantly reduced cast defects, thus provide superior mechanical properties to conventional HPDC castings. The solidification behaviour of the alloy under different processing routes was also discussed.     

Effects of combined addition of Y and Ca on microstructure and mechanical properties of die casting AZ91 alloy

A series of die casting heat-resistant magnesium alloys based on Mg-Al system were developed for automotive application by adding Y and various amounts of Ca. The mechanical properties and microstructures of die casting AZ91 alloy with combined addition of Y and Ca were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and mechanical property test. The results show that the combined addition of Y and Ca can refine the as-die-cast microstructure, result in the formation of Al2Ca phase and Al2Y phase, and inhibit the precipitation of Mg17Al12 phase. The combined addition of Y and small amount of Ca has little influence on the ambient temperature tensile properties, but increasing the content of Ca can improve significantly the tensile strength at both ambient and elevated temperatures. It is found that for AZ91-1Y-xCa alloy, the hardness and the elevated temperature tensile strength increase, while the elongation decreases with increasing the addition of Ca. The mechanism of mechanical properties improvement caused by the combined addition of Y and Ca was also discussed.     

Effects of magnesium and copper additions on tensile properties of Al-Si-Cr die casting alloy under as-cast and T5 conditions

Aluminum high pressure die casting(HPDC) technology has evolved in the past decades, enabling stronger and larger one-piece casting with significant part consolidation. It also offers a higher design freedom for more mass-efficient thin-walled body structures. For body structures that require excellent ductility and fracture toughness to be joined with steel sheet via self-piercing riveting(for instance, shock towers and hinge pillars, etc.),a costly T7 heat treatment comprising a solution heat ...     

Sn对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Ｓｎ对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,纯镁中加入Ｓｎ后能使纯镁铸锭中粗大的柱状晶转化为均匀的等轴晶,并有效地细化晶粒,同时在显微组织中形成具有立方Ｃ１结构的Ｍｇ２Ｓｎ颗粒相。由于Ｍｇ２Ｓｎ颗粒相显微硬度和熔点高,热稳定性好,因而对基体具有有效的弥散强化作用,提高了ＭｇＳｎ二元合金的室温及高温强度。在Ｍｇ９Ａｌ０．８Ｚｎ基合金中加入少量的Ｓｎ便能有效地提高合金的耐热性,而加入过多的Ｓｎ反而会导致合金高温强度下降。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA62 based magnesium alloys with calcium addition

As-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-2Al-0.3Mn (ZA62) alloys with calcium addition were investigated.The as-cast microstructure of the base alloy ZA62 consists of the α-Mg matrix and eutectic phase Mg51Zn20.The Mg51Zn20 eutectic was gradually replaced by MgZn phase and Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase when calcium is added into the base alloy.Further addition of calcium leads to the increase of grain boundary phases and formation of a new quaternary Mg-Zn-Al-Ca eutectic compound.In comparison with the base alloy,the increase of calcium addition to the base alloy results in the reduction of both strength and ductility at ambient temperature,but increase at elevated temperatures due to the thermal stability of Ca-containing phases.At elevated temperatures,the creep resistance of ZA62 based alloys containing calcium is significantly higher than that of AZ91 which is the most commonly used magnesium alloy.     

Influence of high pressure and manganese addition on Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al−Si alloy with rheo-squeeze casting

The influence of high pressure and manganese addition on Fe-rich phases (FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al?14Si?2Fe alloy with rheo-squeeze casting (RSC) was investigated. The semi-solid alloy melt was treated by ultrasonic vibration (UV) firstly, and then formed by squeeze casting (SC). Results show that the FRPs in as-cast SC alloys are composed of coarse β-Al₅(Fe, Mn)Si, δ-Al₄(Fe, Mn)Si₂ and bone-shaped α-Al₁₅(Fe, Mn)₃Si₂ phases when the pressure is 0 MPa. With RSC process, the FRPs are first refined by UV, and then the solidification under pressure further causes the grains to become smaller. The peritectic transformation occurs during the formation of α phase. For the alloy with the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of RSC sample is higher than that of the SC sample. With the same forming process, the UTS of Al?14Si?2Fe?0.8Mn alloy is higher than that of Al?14Si?2Fe?0.4Mn alloy.     

耐热Mg-Zn-Si-Ca合金的显微组织和力学性能

开发了一种新型的Mg Zn Si Ca合金 ,研究了新合金的组织与力学性能之间的关系。研究结果表明 ,Mg 6Zn 1Si合金有较好的综合力学性能。但是由于合金中的主要强化相Mg2 Si呈粗大的汉字状 ,分布于晶界周围 ,在受到应力作用时 ,这种汉字状相与基体的界面处容易产生微裂纹 ,降低合金的抗拉强度、塑性等力学性能。在Mg 6Zn 1Si合金中加入微量Ca后 ,合金的组织得到明显细化 ,并使Mg2 Si强化相形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为细小、弥散分布的颗粒状。由于显微组织的改善 ,使得Mg 6Zn 1Si合金的室温和高温力学性能均有一定的提高     

铸造镁合金旋转喷吹除气的试验研究

研究了旋转喷吹技术在AZ91镁合金熔体除气净化处理上的应用。采用减压凝固法考察了旋转喷吹的除气净化工艺的净化效果，确定了最佳的除气时间。利用金相显微镜观察了除气前后合金的微观组织。对除气前后的合金，进行了金属型和低压砂型铸造试验浇注，并对其力学性能进行了测试和比较。研究结果表明，经过30min旋转喷吹除气处理后，能快速显著地降低镁合金中的含气量，AZ91合金金属型和低压砂型试样的力学性能都明显地得到提高，特别是合金的伸长率得到大幅度的提高。     

Effects of erbium on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-7Zn-3Al alloy

Mg-7Zn-3Al-xEr(x=0.1,0.4,0.7) magnesium alloys were prepared by permanent mould casting.The effects of rare earth element of erbium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-7Zn-3Al alloy at both room temperature and elevated temperatures were investigated with optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,and tensile testing.The results show that the quasi-continuous grain boundary networkedτ(Mg_(32)(Al,Zn)_(49)...     

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Age-Hardening Behavior of an Al-Si-Fe-Mn-Cu-Mg Alloy Produced by Spray Deposition

It has been recognized generally that the spray-deposited process is an innovative technique of rapid solidification. In this paper, Al-20Si-5Fe-3Mn-3Cu-1Mg alloy was synthesized by the spray atomization and deposition technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the spray-deposited alloy were studied using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile tests. It is observed that the microstructure of spray-deposited Al-20Si-5Fe-3Mn-3Cu-1Mg alloy is composed of the α-Al,Si and the particle-like Al₁₅(FeMn)₃Si₂ compounds. The aging process of the alloy was investigated by microhardness measurement, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and TEM observations. The results indicate that the two types of precipitates, S-Al₂CuMg and σ-Al₅Cu₆Mg₂ precipitate from matrix and improve the tensile strength of the alloy efficiently at both the ambient and elevated temperatures (300 °C).     

Mg对反重力铸造ZL116合金组织和性能的影响

通过OM、XRD以及室温拉伸试验等手段,分析了Mg对反重力铸造ZL116合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Mg含量提高,ZL116合金的抗拉强度有所提高,伸长率基本没有变化。反重力铸造方式中差压铸造的ZL116合金力学性能最优,低压铸造次之,调压铸造的力学性能差于重力铸造。随着Mg含量提高,ZL116合金中的强化相Mg2Si含量也随之增加,最终导致ZL116合金抗拉强度提高。     

工艺参数对连续流变轧制成形Mg-3Sn-1Mn合金板材组织和力学性能的影响

开发了Mg-3Sn-1Mn合金板材倾斜板连续流变轧制成形工艺,并研究工艺参数对合金板材微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着轧辊转速的增加,板材的初生晶粒平均直径增大;随着倾斜板振动频率增加,板材的初生晶粒平均直径先减小后增大,板材的抗拉强度和伸长率先增加后降低.随着浇注温度的升高,板材的初生晶粒平均直径逐渐增大,板材的抗拉强度和伸长率逐渐降低.当浇注温度为670℃、轧辊转速为52mm/s、倾斜板振动频率为60 Hz时,制备了组织性能较好的Mg-3 Sn-1Mn合金板材,其力学性能优于添加0.87％Ce(质量分数)的Mg-3Sn-1Mn合金热轧板材的力学性能.     

Cu和Mg含量对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与性能的影响

通过力学试验及透射电镜研究了不同Cu和Mg含量对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金室温、高温力学性能以及显微组织的影响.结果表明,提高Cu和Mg的含量可以提高合金在室温及高温条件下的屈服强度和抗拉强度,但伸长率下降.透射电子显微分析表明,增加Cu和Mg的含量将提高时效过程中强化相的形核密度与体积分数,从而提高合金的强度.     

Effect of mold temperature and casting dimension on microstructure and tensile properties of counter-gravity casting Ti-6Al-4V alloys

The cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy bars with different section sizes were fabricated by investment casting at counter-gravity condition with the mold temperatures of 300 °C and 650 °C, respectively. The microstructure of the alloy was observed by means of OM and SEM, and the effect of mold temperature and casting dimension on tensile properties was studied. Results show that equiaxed grains are obtained regardless of the casting dimension. β grain size tends to increase with an increase in mold temperature. Hot isostatic pressing of the alloy was carried out for tensile properties' comparison. Room temperature tensile test results show that Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced via counter-gravity casting has good balance of strength and ductility after hot isostatic pressing(HIP). The alloy shows higher ductility due to the elimination of porosity. In both cast and HIP status, the tensile strength is inclined to decrease with an increase in mold temperature, while the ductility is prone to slightly increase. Both the strength and ductility tend to decrease with an increase in the casting dimension.     

混合稀土对压铸AZ91D合金的组织及力学性能的影响

研究了不同添加量的混合稀土对压铸AZ91D合金的组织和力学性能的影响。添加混合稀土后,常温力学性能没有明显改善。在100℃时,混合稀土含量为0.4%的压铸AZ91D合金的力学性能与不含混合稀土的试样几乎相等。在170℃时,混合稀土含量为0.4%的压铸AZ91D合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率分别为206MPa、142MPa、26%,比不含混合稀土的压铸AZ91D试样的力学性能分别提高15.7%、10%及30%。这是因为添加适量的混合稀土后,形成热稳定性较高的强化相,增加了位错滑移阻力并阻碍裂纹扩展,镁基体中稀土元素起到固溶强化作用,从而提高镁合金的高温抗拉强度。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy by expendable pattern shell casting with different mechanical vibration amplitudes and pouring temperatures

To refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of AZ91 D alloy by expendable pattern shell casting(EPSC),the mechanical vibration method was applied in the solidification process of the alloy.The effects of amplitude and pouring temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 D magnesium alloy were studied.The results indicated that the mechanical vibration remarkably improved the sizes,morphologies and distributions of the primaryα-Mg phase andβ-Mg17 Al12 phase,and the densification and tensile properties of the AZ91 D alloy.With an increase in amplitude,the microstructures were gradually refined,resulting in a continuous increase in mechanical properties of the AZ91 D alloy.While,with the increase of pouring temperature,the microstructures were continuously coarsened,leading to an obvious decrease of the mechanical properties.The tensile strength and yield strength of the AZ91 D alloy with a vibration amplitude of 1.0 mm and a pouring temperature of 730℃were 60%and 38%higher than those of the alloy without vibration,respectively.     

混合稀土对Mg-5Al-1Si组织及性能的影响

研究了不同组分含量的混合稀土对Mg-5Al-1Si合金高温蠕变性能的影响，对析出相进行了鉴定。研究结果表明，分别加入富镧及富铈混合稀土以后，合金中Mg2Si相得到细化；力学性能检测结果表明，室温及150℃拉伸性能均明显提高。同时，在微量混合稀土及Mg2Si相的综合作用下，含不同混合稀土的Mg-5Al-1Si合金的抗高温蠕变性能均超过AE42。     

Effect of thermal exposure on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy produced by different casting technologies

The effect of thermal exposure at 350 °C for 200 h on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy, which was produced by permanent mold casting (PMC) and high pressure die casting (HPDC). The SEM and IPP software were used to characterize the morphology of Si phase in the studied alloys. The results show that the thermal exposure provokes spheroidization and coarsening of eutectic Si particles. The ultimate tensile strength of the HPDC alloy after thermal exposure is higher than that of the PMC alloy at room temperature. However, the TEPMC and TEHPDC alloys have similar tensile strength around 67 MPa at 350 °C. Due to the coarsening of eutectic Si, the TEPMC alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the TEHPDC alloy under studied creep conditions. Therefore, the alloys with small size of eutectic Si are not suitably used at 350 °C.