基于GOCAD的三维地质模型构建

阐明了利用GOCAD进行三维地质建模的思路及主要建模步骤。以哨牌矿区为例,利用GOCAD模拟了该区从震旦系灯影组到第四系地层及断裂。在模拟地形、地层及构造面时通过离散光滑插值技术（DSI）很好地消除了单纯的由克里金插值产生的畸变。由面模型向体模型转化时选用GOCAD的SGrid代替SOLID功能,更加方便准确的反应了真实地质情况。最后分析了GOCAD生成三维地质模型的实际应用并绘制Slicer法剖面图。     

三维地质建模技术在油田基础地质研究中的应用

基于钻井资料的三维地质建模技术,通过在留楚油田建立精细的三维地质模型,使油藏研究达 到较高的精确性。在建模过程中,将三维建模软件特有的技术手段与基础地质研究相结合,在构造精细 落实、地层精细对比等基础地质研究方面发挥重要作用,解决了许多通过常规方法难以解决的问题。精 细地质模型在C2020井开发措施调整及C2945井注采关系分析等方面取得了良好的效果。由于三 维地质模型是地质体的一种数字化表述,因此,它还在数字化油藏方面起到了重要作用。     

3D integrated modeling approach to geo-engineering objects of hydraulic and hydroelectric projects

Aiming at 3D modeling and analyzing problems of hydraulic and hydroelectric en-gineering geology,a complete scheme of solution is presented. The first basis was NURBS-TIN-BRep hybrid data structure. Then,according to the classified thought of the object-oriented technique,the different 3D models of geological and engi-neering objects were realized based on the data structure,including terrain class,strata class,fault class,and limit class;and the modeling mechanism was alterna-tive. Finally,the 3D integrated model was established by Boolean operations be-tween 3D geological objects and engineering objects. On the basis of the 3D model,a series of applied analysis techniques of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering geology were illustrated. They include the visual modeling of rock-mass quality classification,the arbitrary slicing analysis of the 3D model,the geological analysis of the dam,and underground engineering. They provide powerful theoretical prin-ciples and technical measures for analyzing the geological problems encountered in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering under complex geological conditions.     

TSP隧道超前地质预报技术在宽大断层内部的应用

当前借助隧道超前地质预报技术对小规模断层的探测及对断层破碎带范围界限的判定在业界已取得了一定的成果,但实际隧道工程中往往也面临着地质条件复杂多变的宽大断层,而在宽大断层内部准确开展超前地质预报探测是当前亟需进一步应用研究的工作.本次研究采用TSP法(一种弹性波反射法)对宽大隧道断层内部的地质情况进行探测,通过资料处理、...     

矿井灾害的地质及巷道集成三维模型研究

针对目前地质和巷道独立建模给矿井灾害救援带来的问题,建立基于面模型的多层三维地质与巷道集成模型,并结合可视化技术为救援决策提供技术支持。研究复杂地质体的三维模型和巷道三维模型的关键技术,综合三维巷道网络的弧-节点模型与地层岩性、节点相互关联的拓扑关系,实现二者的集成建模。在此基础上,采用启发式路径搜索的A*算法,实现应急救援路线的智能快速选择。     

基于GPR试验数据和CATIA的三维地质建模

地质雷达(GPR)在水利水电工程地质勘探中得到了越来越广泛的使用,并且目前地质雷达勘探产生的地质解释图多被处理为二维图片.以湖南某工程坝址处5个剖面的地质雷达二维地质解释图为基础资料,使用Visual Basic语言以及三维建模软件CATIA的逆向工程模块,建立了研究区的三维地质模型,并实现了地质模型的数字钻孔与切片.首先用Visual Basic语言编程提取CAD地质解释图中的有用信息,然后将信息输入CATIA,使用CATIA中Part Design、GSD、DSE、QSR等工作台,建立研究区的三维地质模型,最后在GSD工作台中实现三维地质模型的数字钻孔与切片.数字切片与原地质解释图的对比显示,基于CATIA的三维地质建模与实际情况较为相符,CATIA在水利水电工程的三维可视化以及全过程的协同设计方面将有广阔的应用前景.     

Framework system and research flow of uncertainty in 3D geological structure models

Uncertainty in 3D geological structure models has become a bottleneck that restricts the development and application of 3D geological modeling.In order to solve this problem during periods of accuracy assessment,error detection and dynamic correction in 3D geological structure models,we have reviewed the current situation and development trends in 3D geological modeling.The main context of uncertainty in 3D geological structure models is discussed.Major research issues and a general framework system of uncertainty in 3D geological structure models are proposed.We have described in detail the integration of development practices of 3D geological modeling systems,as well as the implementation process for uncertainty evaluation in 3D geological structure models.This study has laid the basis to build theoretical and methodological systems for accuracy assessment and error correction in 3D geological models and can assist in improving 3D modeling techniques under complex geological conditions,     

水利水电工程3维地质建模系统一体化设计

针对水利水电三维地质建模软件在地质信息数据库与建模系统分离的弱点,提出结合三维地质数据库与三维建模软件交互设计的方法,并在CATIA软件上开发了适用于水利水电工程的三维地质建模平台。利用Microsoft SQL 8.0软件建立了三维地质建模数据库,能实现数据录入、查询、删除、EXCEL模版导入导出等功能,利用Visual Basic.net软件搭建了三维地质建模平台,包括三维地质建模中所需的覆盖层、地质层、水文层、模型分析等基本模块,并将三维地质建模数据库嵌入到三维地质建模平台中,实现钻孔数据导入、虚拟钻孔、以及三维地质模型的任意剖切出图等功能。实现了三维地质建模数据库与三维建模平台一体化的设计理念。     

CATIA-FLAC 3D耦合建模方法及其应用

针对FLAC3D面向复杂的地质模型建模存在的技术困难和不足,提出CATIA-FLAC3D耦合建模新方法.先利用CATIA强大的三维地质体建模功能进行三维地质建模,再利用其有限元模块对地质体进行网格划分;基于对两类软件中单元、节点数据关系的差异分析,应用Visual Basic语言编写CATIA-FLAC3D接口程序,实现了将CATIA环境下建模生成的单元、节点信息导入FLAC3D.以某已建成偏压隧道工程为例,验证了CATIA-FLAC3D耦合建模方法的可行性和有效性,为FLAC3D构建三维复杂工程模型提供了新的思路.     

会泽铅锌矿床成矿地质条件及找矿方向

会泽麒麟厂矿床是赋存于早石炭世摆佐组碳酸盐岩中的层控富铅锌矿床。研究表明,早石炭世摆佐组地层及其有利岩性和北东向断层与成矿关系密切。在分析地层、岩相古地理、构造成矿地质条件的基础上,提出了找矿标志,指出了今后的找矿方向。     

三维点云数据采集与拼合技术的研究与应用

激光三维扫描技术在工程地质勘察领域的广泛应用,使得三维地质建模的过程中不免要处理大量复杂的点云数据,因此,如何对点云数据进行有效处理,是影响建模质量的关键。介绍了逆向工程的基本思想和激光三维扫描技术的应用方法,以及三维地质点云数据的采集方法和过程。在此基础上,重点阐述了对点云数据进行拼合过程的数值原理和实现方法,讨论了点云数据处理的发展现状、应用前景和推广价值。分析认为．综合应用曲面数值模拟、三维数字重构、图像算法分析、程序可视化等方法,可以有效完成点云数据的处碑和分析,满足三维地质建模的要求。     

面复原技术在潜在断层预测中的应用

受分辨率限制,现有地震解释方法难以准确识别和预测一小部分潜在的小型断层。通过面复原技术,可以在三维构造建模基础上对目的层进行三维构造恢复,获得构造稳定指数、K-max和拉张系数。在这些系数图谱上,潜在断层表现为线性构造,利用线性构造异常可进行潜在断层预测。     

大跨径拱桥施工缆索锚碇三维数值模型的构建

以酉水大桥为背景工程,研究复杂地质结构高效构建三维数值模型技术。充分利用大型分析制图软件AutoCAD、Surfer、ANSYS和FLAC3D各自的优点,提出一种多软件耦合的构建方法。本文详细阐述了建模方法的具体步骤,并对建模中存在的单元体数量划分较多及锚索轴力分布不均等问题进行分析,通过对比多种改进方案,优化了该耦合建模方法。结果表明:多软件耦合建模方法能有效地应用于复杂地质结构,并高效、精准地构建三维数值模型,为复杂组合结构的力学特性研究探索出一条有效途径,为类似工程采用数值方法解决方案积累成功案例。     

裂缝孔隙性气藏储层地质建模研究

综合运用Petrel地质建模软件和FracFlow裂缝建模软件,以四川新场气田须家河组须二气藏为例,探讨裂缝孔隙性气藏储层（双重介质）地质建模方法.利用Petrel地质建模软件完成储层构造模型、沉积微相分布模型,利用相控建模方法完成储层基质模型的建立;将模型导人Frac Flow裂缝建模软件,在基于地震解释的宏观断层、构造解释成果和基于单井解释得到的微裂缝两者之间相关性分析的基础上,将地震信息和测井解释结果有机的结合起来,建立断层和裂缝三维地质网格模型.     

3D GIS支持下的城市三维地质数据管理与服务系统研究

城市地质数据的数字化管理与服务是“数字城市”工程的重要内容．3D GIS将在未来的城市数字化建设中扮演核心角色．介绍了3D GIS的发展现状及应用前景．详细讨论了基于3D GIS构建的城市地质数据管理与服务系统的设计思路和结构功能，在分析城市三维地质数据多种建模方法的基础上，采用一种基于TIN和TEN的混合数据结构来构建城市三维地质数据建模系统．另外，针对城市三维地质数据的特点，探讨了城市三维地质海量数据的采集与管理、城市三维地质数据信息的Web发布等重要问题，力求为系统的最终实现提供完整的解决方案．     

陶厂石膏矿地质构造三维模拟及分析

为了掌握安徽陶厂石膏矿地质构造的分布规律,借助大型建模软件,在钻孔资料基础上建立了研究区三维地质模型,直观地展现了地质构造的三维形态特征以及断裂构造内部之间复杂的交切错断关系。通过分析矿层的空间变化规律来指导矿井生产及后期进一步的勘探开发工作。     

Effect of faulting on coal burst——A numerical modelling study

Coal burst occurrence on roadways has always been a major concern in deep underground coal mines,especially under complex geological conditions. To evaluate the effect of faulting on coal burst, the stress concentration in the vicinity a reverse fault was analysed considering the geological history of the fault formation where high horizontal stresses led to the initiation and propagation of the reverse fault.Various in situ stresses and mechanical parameters of the fault, including the ratio of horizontal stress to vertical stress were used to analyse the state of fault. Numerical modelling was conducted using two and three dimensional distinct element models(UDEC and 3 DEC) based on a geotechnical conditions of an Australian underground coal mine. The formation process of reverse fault was simulated to evaluate the stress characteristics in the coal seam and the immediate roof and floor near the fault. The results show that, both the horizontal and vertical stress in footwall were higher than those in hanging wall after the formation of the reverse fault. The stress condition near fault was complicated due to complex geology in the coal measures, and the vertical stress peaked in the footwall at a distance of about 160 m from the fault. When a roadway was excavated, stress concentration occurred at both the roadway face and ribs, which reached as high as 38 MPa in the ribs at a depth of 500 m. This will significantly elevate the risk of dynamic instability of the roadway such as coal burst. The stress concentration zone in the footwall can be considered as a hazardous zone near the reverse fault. This study provides a general reference for analysis of roadway stability affected by faults.     

薄板样条函数在城市三维地质建模中的应用

介绍了薄板样条函数的基本原理。以湖南省长株潭地区地形数据为例,在Windows平台下用VC6.0实现城市三维地质的可视化。将薄板样条函数应用于空间插值,通过与测试样本点的交叉验证以及其它插值算法的比较,证明了薄板样条函数可以应用在城市三维建模中。     

基于钻孔数据的三维地层建模软件的实现

介绍了基于钻孔数据三维地层可视软件的实现过程及系统总体设计、相关数据库的设计,提出了基于钻孔数据三维地层建模的总体思路及其实现步骤,并从整体上介绍了系统的模块组成．建立的软件可实现对钻孔数据的三维建模、可视化分析,具有丰富的二维成图和三维显示功能．     

Layer-Constrained Triangulated Irregular Network Algorithm Based on Ground Penetrating Radar Data and Its Application

In this paper,a layer-constrained triangulated irregular network (LC-TIN) algorithm is proposed for three-dimensional (3D) modelling,and applied to construct a 3D model for geological disease information based on ground penetrating radar (GPR) data.Compared with the traditional TIN algorithm,the LC-TIN algorithm introduced a layer constraint to the discrete data points during the 3D modelling process,and it can dynamically construct networks from layer to layer and implement 3D modelling for arbitrary shapes with high precision.The experimental results validated this method,the proposed algorithm not only can maintain the rationality of triangulation network,but also can obtain a good generation speed.In addition,the algorithm is also introduced to our self-developed 3D visualization platform,which utilized GPR data to model geological diseases.Therefore the feasibility of the algorithm is verified in the practical application.