基于BP神经网络辅助的车载组合导航算法研究

针对INS/GPS组合导航系统在GPS信号被遮挡时,GPS接收机失锁导致导航精度迅速下降的问题,提出了基于BP神经网络辅助的组合导航算法。即在GPS信号锁定的时候,采用卡尔曼滤波对INS/GPS信号进行数据融合得到实时的精确位置,同时利用组合导航输出信息对BP神经网络进行实时在线训练;一旦GPS失锁,利用之前训练好的神经网络对INS系统进行误差补偿,解决精度迅速下降问题。通过跑车实验证明,速度精度在0.2m/s以内,位置精度为25m以内,该算法对INS/GPS组合导航系统有效。     

INS辅助GNSS高动态捕获跟踪技术研究

在高动态的环境下,由于载体的运动速度及加速度非常大,卫星与载体之间的相对Dopple很大,超出了常规全球卫星导航(GNSS)收机的捕获搜索范围与跟踪门限,因此会造成搜索不到卫星或失锁。针对这一问题开展了利用惯导测量系统(INS)辅助GNSS接收机捕获与跟踪技术研究,GNSS接收机利用INS提供载体的速度、加速度和位置参数,预测载体的多普勒(Dopple)频移,结合接收机的星历及环路信息,共同调节环路中的NCO,及时重新设定环路搜索中心频率,从而解决了高动态引起大的Dopple频移这一问题。仿真结果表明,相比传统的接收机,通过INS辅助的GNSS接收机可以在超高动态模拟环境下,加速度100 g和速度为4 000 m/s时仍可以快速捕获及稳定跟踪信号。     

基于双OD修正的GNSS/MIMU导航算法研究

为提高车载组合导航系统的导航精度和可靠性,在全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号正常工作的情况下,该文建立了一种双天线GNSS/微惯性测量单元(MIMU)/轮速里程计(OD)组合导航模型,实现了对MIMU和OD传感器误差特性的在线估计。在GNSS信号短期失锁的情况下,基于双OD轮速比例修正(WRC)算法建立了MIMU/双OD组合导航模型。车载实验结果表明,与无WRC组合模型相比,该文设计的组合导航模型在120 s的GNSS信号失锁路段,最大定位误差减小了63.9%,定位误差标准差减小了80.1%;在200 s时GNSS信号频繁中断路段,最大位置误差为0.55 m。验证了所建立的导航模型和算法在复杂路况下工作的有效性。     

面向弱光流环境的惯性/光流组合导航方法研究

惯性导航系统(INS)与光流组合导航方法在众多场合拥有极为广泛的应用,其中,光流信息的准确与否直接影响导航参数的优劣。为解决光照极弱或者光流传感器离地高度小于摄像头焦距所导致的光流信息误差较大使导航参数严重失真而无法连续导航的问题,提出一种基于Elman神经网络的速度预测方法。环境适宜的情况下,在线训练神经网络模型,而处于特殊环境使光流信息信任价值很小时,使用训练完成的神经网络对载体速度进行预测。另外,基于INS动态误差模型的卡尔曼滤波器(KF)通过融合INS以及速度数据得到误差向量使之对导航参数进行补偿修正。小型四轴飞行器飞行试验表明,神经网络的预测值能够在较短时间内高精度地逼近真实值,证明了上述算法的正确性和有效性。通过与真实值相比较,平均姿态误差为0. 1%,平均速度误差为1%,平均位置误差为2.4%。     

基于惯性导航与无线测距组合的车载定位方案

车载导航中,使用无线测距与惯性导航系统(INS)组合定位,可有效改善系统定位精度。针对定位中全球卫星定位系统(GPS)失锁时,由INS长时间独立工作造成的定位误差,该文从理论上论证了用无线测距所得精确距离修正INS定位数据方案的可行性,给出组合定位具体原理,并分析了定位误差与INS误差的关系,从而用来改善定位精度。仿真结果表明此方案可有效提高定位精度。     

GNSS干扰及抗干扰技术

全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)提供的低能级射频(RF)导航信号,易受到RF干扰的影响而导致导航精度的降低或者接收机的完全失锁.本文介绍了GNSS干扰的类型、技术手段和实施方式.针对不同干扰所采用的抗干扰技术,分析了其优缺点和适用范围.利用多种抗干扰技术初步设计了一个抗干扰方案.     

惯性/天文/卫星组合导航技术的现状与展望

本文首先介绍了INS/CNS/GNSS组合导航的原理,然后分析了INS/CNS/GNSS组合导航技术的发展和应用现状。在上述基础上,提出了INS/CNS/GNSS组合导航技术的几个重点研究方向,包括INS/CNS/GNSS组合导航系统的信息融合与先进滤波方法,INS/CNS/GNSS组合导航方法的实时性研究和基于集成一体化的INS/CNS/GNSS组合导航系统技术。随着捷联惯性导航技术、小型天体敏感器技术、高性能卫星导航技术的快速发展,以及先进信息融合技术、组合算法优化和系统集成技术研究的深入,INS/CNS/GNSS组合导航技术将获得进一步发展并在多种应用领域发挥重要作用。     

G NSS／INS 组合导航接收机技术

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS ）的一个非常重要的应用是与惯性导航系统（INS ）进行组合导航。介绍了GNSS／INS组合导航接收机的工作原理,对接收机的关键技术进行了重点分析,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

基于图优化的INS/GNSS深组合导航系统研究

为充分考虑历史信息对未来导航结果的影响,并充分利用更深层次的组合导航信息进行信息融合,提出了一种基于图优化的INS/GNSS深组合导航方法.通过将量测信息和状态传播作为约束信息,在时间域上构建优化代价函数,利用列文伯格-马夸尔特法求解状态的最优估计.通过INS/GPS深组合导航系统仿真实验对该方法进行了评估和分析,仿真...     

基于伪距/伪距率双差的INS/GNSS紧组合相对导航算法研究

随着惯导/卫导组合导航技术的发展,将其应用于编队相对导航的研究越来越多。结合卫导差分相对定位、INS/GNSS 组合导航技术,本文将编队成员中主节点和从节点伪距、伪距率的两次差分量直接作为观测量,研究了一种 INS/GNSS 紧组合相对导航新算法。该算法通过两次差分操作可以消除大部分传播路径误差以及公共时钟误差;利用惯导的平滑特性能够消除测量量中的部分随机噪声。仿真结果表明：该算法能够提供精度更高,更加平稳的相对导航信息。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.