新型抗静电剂TF-4816

以混合短链脂肪醇、多聚磷酸、五氧化二磷、氢氧化钾等为原料合成新型抗静电剂TF-4816,抗静电效果可以达到TF-480AA、TF-481效果。与防水剂TG-5672、XF-5001配伍性良好,对防水效果影响小。对涤纶织物,抗静电剂TF-4816质量浓度在10 g/L时,布面接触角、氟含量最高,防水效果最好;对尼龙塔丝隆,抗静电剂质量浓度在15 g/L时,抗静电效果最好,防水效果略有下降。抗静电剂TF-4816与硅油配伍性良好,处理后布面抗静电效果可达到A级。     

工艺和助剂对涤纶织物抗静电效果的影响

探讨去油剂、退浆剂、匀染剂、表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠和平平加O对涤纶织物抗静电性能的影响。去油后织物抗静电效果明显提升;退浆后,非离子抗静电剂TF-480AA效果下降比阳离子抗静电剂TF-480CA大;匀染剂可提升涤纶纤维抗静电效果,对TF-480AA影响不大,还原清洗剂对TF-480CA影响大;表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠和平平加O对抗静电效果不产生影响。     

抗高温黄变整理剂TF-621

研究了抗高温黄变整理剂TF-621在棉织物和锦纶织物上的应用工艺和效果,以及与增白剂、防水剂、硅油柔软剂和抗静电剂的相互影响。试验结果表明,TF-621用量为30~40 g/L时,整理棉织物和锦纶织物可获得较好的抗高温黄变效果;TF-621可与增白剂或抗静电剂同浴整理,相互之间影响较小;与氨基硅油类柔软剂同浴整理时,可降低此类柔软剂的高温泛黄性,但对锦纶织物的最终手感有一定影响。     

涤纶和锦纶织物的抗静电整理

为提高合纤织物抗静电性,选择抗静电剂TF-480分别对染色涤纶和锦纶织物进行整理,探讨整理剂用量、焙烘温度、时间、交联剂的加入及其用量对抗静电性能效果的影响,优化整理工艺.通过测量静电电压峰值和半衰期,分析织物抗静电性能;检测经20次洗涤后织物抗静电性能的耐久性;测定整理前后及水洗前后织物的K/S值,观察色变情况.结果表明:抗静电剂TF-480质量浓度为30～40 g/L,焙烘温度为170～180℃,时间为30～40 s时,抗静电整理效果较好;尤其是整理的涤纶织物,经多次洗涤后抗静电性能保持良好,色泽变化小,在整理锦纶织物中加入交联剂可提高抗静电性能.     

涤纶和锦纶织物的抗静电整理

为提高合纤织物抗静电性,选择抗静电剂TF-480分别对染色涤纶和锦纶织物进行整理,探讨整理剂用量、焙烘温度、时间、交联剂的加入及其用量对抗静电性能效果的影响,优化整理工艺。通过测量静电电压峰值和半衰期,分析织物抗静电性能;检测经20次洗涤后织物抗静电性能的耐久性;测定整理前后及水洗前后织物的K/S值,观察色变情况。结果表明：抗静电剂TF-480质量浓度为30~40g/L,焙烘温度170~180℃,时间30~40s时,抗静电整理效果较好,尤其是整理的涤纶织物,经多次洗涤后抗静电性能保持良好,色泽变化小,在整理锦纶中加入交联剂可提高抗静电性能。     

耐久型抗静电剂TF-4830的应用研究

介绍了耐久型抗静电剂TF-4830及其应用工艺,考察了TF-4830对织物抗静电效果、耐洗性、亲水性、色变及色牢度的影响。试验证明,耐久型抗静电剂TF-4830可赋予涤纶面料优异的耐久抗静电效果,能耐10次水洗,且具有较好的亲水性,对织物色变及色牢的度影响较小。     

非离子抗静电剂TF-480的应用

研究比较了非离子抗静电剂TF-480与传统阳离子抗静电剂SN的抗静电效果，及其对织物颜色、白度、剥色性、手感、色牢度的影响。在与防水剂、固色剂、柔软剂、增白剂的复配中，发现TF-480具有优异的配伍性，可与它们同浴浸轧处理。     

增效剂TF-2341在全棉色织物上的应用性能

增效剂TF-2341是一种有机胺类聚合物,可用于提升活性染料染色全棉色织物的色牢度。全棉色织物浸轧含TF-2341的工作液后发现:增效剂TF-2341可明显提升全棉色织物的色泣牢度,对织物的色变影响小。在有效的用量范围内,增效剂TF-2341能与柔软剂同浴使用,并具有较好的协同作用,在提升全棉色织物色泣牢度的同时还能降低硅油对织物纰裂的影响,并进一步提升织物的亲水性。     

抗静电剂LD-5的性能研究

针对涤纶纤维在穿着或生产中易产生静电问题,文中采用聚醚酯、表面活性剂与亲水硅油的复配物抗静电剂LD-5对纯涤纶针织物进行整理。采用浸轧整理方法,探讨了抗静电剂LD-5用量、p H值、焙烘温度对织物性能的影响,测试了整理后织物抗静电性能、透气性、悬垂性和弯曲性。结果表明,抗静电剂LD-5对纯涤纶针织物最佳整理工艺为:抗静电剂LD-5用量20 g/L,p H值为6,烘焙温度160℃,整理后涤纶织物的抗静电性、悬垂性有了明显的改善,且织物透气率没有明显降低。     

莫代尔与涤纶交织双面针织物开纤工艺研究

莫代尔与涤纶交织双面针织物开纤工艺一般通常采用浓硫酸,对纤维损伤大,且工艺时间长、污染严重、废水处理难。开纤剂TF-1051是改性生物酸且使用条件温和,文中使用开纤剂TF-1051对莫代尔与涤纶交织双面针织物进行开纤处理,探讨了开纤工艺条件对开纤效果及织物顶破强力的影响,运用单因素试验方法对开纤工艺进行优化,并探讨开纤剂TF-1051对织物进行开纤、染色一浴法处理的可行性。结果表明,开纤剂TF-1051 6 g/L,在温度110℃条件下处理120 min,处理后织物具有良好的开纤效果,同时满足服用强度要求;另外,开纤剂TF-1051可对莫代尔与涤纶交织双面针织物进行开纤染色一浴处理,处理后织物具有较好的开纤效果,同时涤纶染色不受开纤剂TF-1051的影响。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.