柠檬酸络合sol-gel法原位合成rGO-La~(3+)/TiO_2及其光催化性能

首先采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),然后用柠檬酸络合溶胶-凝胶法原位合成GO-La~(3+)/TiO_2,再经硼氪化钠还原得到石墨烯-La~(3+)/TiO_2(rG0-La~(3+)/TiO_2)复合材料;利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、荧光光谱(PL)对其进行表征分析。研究了GO加入量对复合材料光催化效率的影响及复合光催化剂投入量对甲基橙降解率的影响。结果表明:柠檬酸络合法可以有效改善纳米La~(3+)/TiO_2在rGO表面的分散情况;rG0-La~(3+)/TiO_2复合光催化剂的光催化活性明显高于La~(3+)/TiO_2,GO加入量对复合材料光催化性能影响很大;降解甲基橙时,复合光催化剂最佳投入量为0.10g。     

石墨烯-硒化银纳米复合材料的制备、表征及光学性能研究

运用简单的一步反应水热法制备了石墨烯-硒化银(G-Ag2Se)纳米复合材料。用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对所得产物进行了系统的表征。结果表明,反应体系中,硒化银纳米粒子的形成与氧化石墨烯的还原同时进行。石墨烯氧化物被充分地还原为石墨烯,并且Ag2Se纳米粒子均匀地分布在石墨烯的片层上,形成纳米复合材料。对所制备的G-Ag2Se纳米复合材料的光学性质也进行了研究。     

PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维的制备及其催化、原位SERS监测性能研究

负载型贵金属纳米催化剂是提高贵金属催化剂利用率,降低经济成本的一种有效途径,也是一种新型的有潜力的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的基底材料。本文首先利用静电纺丝技术构建了还原的氧化石墨烯(rGO)增强的聚丙烯腈/聚苯胺复合纤维(PAN/PANI/rGO),然后采用原位还原的方法在其表面生长金纳米颗粒得到了PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维,通过SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman和UV-Vis光谱等手段对复合纤维进行了结构和形貌表征,最后以NaBH₄还原四硝基苯酚(4-NP)为模型,研究了复合纤维的催化性能和原位SERS检测该催化还原反应的过程,并将其与同种方法制备的PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维进行比较。结果表明,rGO增强的PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维具有优于PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维的催化活性、原位增强拉曼检测的能力和循环性能。     

PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维的制备及其催化、原位SERS监测性能

本研究首先利用静电纺丝技术构建了还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)增强的聚丙烯腈/聚苯胺复合纤维(PAN/PANI/rGO),然后采用原位还原的方法在其表面生长金纳米颗粒得到了PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维,通过SEM,FTIR,XRD,XPS,Raman和UV-Vis光谱等手段对复合纤维进行了结构和形貌表征,最后以NaBH4还原四硝基苯酚(4-NP)为模型,研究了复合纤维的催化性能和原位SERS检测该催化还原反应的过程,并将其与同种方法制备的PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维进行比较。结果表明,rGO增强的PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维具有优于PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维的催化活性、原位增强SERS检测的能力和循环性能。     

石墨烯/铜复合材料的制备与摩擦性能测试

以化学镀结合粉末冶金法制备石墨烯/铜基复合材料(Cu@r GO/Cu)。为了改善石墨烯(r GO)在铜基体中的分散性以及两者之间的可润湿程度,首先采用化学镀工艺制备镀铜石墨烯(Cu@r GO),并通过SEM和XRD对镀层形貌和物相组成进行检测分析。为了检验Cu@r GO/Cu复合材料的摩擦性能,对Cu@r GO/Cu复合材料摩擦性质进行测试。结果表明:Cu@r GO表面均匀镀覆一层铜并附着粒径约为50 nm的纳米铜颗粒,rGO的褶皱结构以及化学镀的预处理过程有利于纳米铜颗粒长大。呈网状结构的镀铜rGO可以很好的释放掉因摩擦而产生的应力集中,形成C—Cu力转移体系,保护摩擦表面;同时散落在r GO表面的纳米铜颗粒,在摩擦过程中类似于许多"滚动轴承",有效地改善复合材料的摩擦性能。     

还原氧化石墨烯的发光性能

利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等测试方法表征了还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)的结构及成分,用紫外可见分光光谱仪和荧光光谱仪表征还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)水分散液的光学性能.光学性能分析表明:205～345nm激发下,rGO的发光主要集中在350～500nm的...     

原位一步法合成Ag/Fe2O3磁性核壳纳米粒子

采用原位法在低温下一步合成Ag/Fe2O3磁性核壳纳米粒子,并采用XRD,TEM和UV光谱研究了Ag-Fe2O3核壳纳米复合材料的结构。结果表明,纳米银粒子表面被Fe2O3层包覆,Ag核的平均粒径大约为35nm,Fe2O3壳层平均厚度约为7.5nm或15nm,形成了核壳结构的电磁复合纳米粒子。在室温下,饱和磁化强度达到0.98(A·m2)·kg-1,矫顽力8.48×103A/m;Ag/Fe2O3核壳粒子的导电率达到0.62S/cm。通过此法可以比较容易的控制核和壳的尺寸以及复合粒子的单分散性,并得到较高的产率,在催化剂、医药、光电等领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料的结构及抗菌性能研究

采用化学氧化法在金属Ti表面制备出了多孔纳米TiO2,通过离子束溅射在TiO2表面沉积纳米Ag,最终在Ti表面制备出Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM),电子探针(EPMA)等分析手段分析了500℃热处理条件下,不同Ag含量对TiO2晶型转变的影响及结构变化.同时,采用细菌生长的抑菌圈法进行测试,研究了Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料对不同菌种的抗菌性能的影响.结果表明:通过化学氧化法和离子束溅射相结合的方法可以得到具有优异抗菌性能的Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料.     

聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒复合材料的制备及其对葡萄糖催化性能的研究

采用静电吸附的方法制备出氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒复合物,再利用原味聚合的方法在氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒(GO/CuO-NRs)复合物上原味聚合上吡咯单体。通过对复合材料进行XRD、TEM、SEM和FT-IR的表征,说明制备了聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒(PPy/GO/CuO-NRs)复合材料,并对复合材料电极催化葡萄糖进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料对葡萄糖有良好的催化性能。     

具有增强光催化和抗菌活性的TiO2@Ag-GO复合材料

光催化降解环境中的污染物被认为一种理想的清洁方法,其中二氧化钛(TiO₂)是目前最有前途的光催化材料之一。但由于能带宽、光生电子与空穴快速复合等特点,限制了其利用效率和范围,开发一种高效的TiO₂基光催化复合材料具有重要意义。通过简单的溶胶-凝胶法和一步Marangoni法,将TiO₂和Ag纳米颗粒(AgNPs)和氧化石墨烯(GO)有效结合,制备出显著增强光催化活性和抗菌能力的复合材料TiO₂@Ag-GO。氧化石墨烯(GO)具有多个催化活性中心,可以高效地进行光催化反应降解污染物。同时,还能提高电荷分离程度,抑制光生电子和空穴复合,提高TiO₂光催化活性。AgNPs具有存储电子和促进电荷分离的能力,同时释放的Ag⁺,赋予材料广谱的抗菌性能。光催化试验抑菌试验结果表明,复合材料能高效降解亚甲基蓝染料,2 h降解率达到74.5%,同时对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿杆菌有较强的杀灭作用。这种简易制备的高催化和杀菌功能的TiO₂基复合材料在光催化清洁...     

PDA@Ag纳米复合材料的制备及抑菌性能研究

以多巴胺为原料,在碱性条件下通过自聚合制备聚多巴胺(PDA)亚微球,将银离子(Ag+)原位还原为银(Ag),负载在亚微球表面合成核壳型纳米PDA@Ag复合材料。采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热重分析(TGA)对其进行表征,结果表明合成了核壳型PDA@Ag复合材料,吸附在亚微球表面的纳米银尺寸约为25nm。以金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)和大肠杆菌(E. coli)为模式菌,用纳米银作参比,比较其抑菌活性。结果表明,PDA@Ag比纳米银具有更优异的抑菌性能,且对细胞壁中含有少量的磷脂双分子层的大肠杆菌更为敏感。     

Ag/AgCl-decorated polypyrrole nanotubes and their sensory properties

A facile method to prepare Ag/AgCl-decorated polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy/Ag–AgCl nanocomposites) has been demonstrated. PPy nanotubes were assembled on the reactive self-degraded template of a fibrillar complex of FeCl₃ and methyl orange (MO). By introducing PPy nanotubes into AgNO₃ solution, Ag and AgCl nanoparticles could be uniformly decorated onto the PPy nanotube surface in situ by the reaction of PPy and AgNO₃. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The possible application of PPy/Ag–AgCl nanocomposites as a vapor sensor has also been reported. The responses of these nanocomposites were observed to be reversible by monitoring the change in the resistance of the nanocomposites upon exposure to ammonia vapor. PPy/Ag–AgCl composite nanotubes sensors showed enhanced chemiresistor sensitivity compared with PPy nanotubes.     

Design of best performing hexagonal shaped Ag@CoS/rGO nanocomposite electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitor application

The mixed metal/metal sulphide (Ag@CoS) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (Ag@CoS/rGO) was synthesized for the possible electrode in supercapacitors. Ag@CoS was successfully deposited on the rGO nanosheets by hydrothermal method, implying the growth of 2D Ag and CoS-based hexagonal-like structure on the rGO framework. The synthesized nanocomposite was subjected to structural, morphological and electrochemical studies. The XRD results show that the prepared nanocomposite material exhibits a combination of hexagonal and cubic phase due to the presence of CoS and Ag phases together. The band appearing at nearly 470.33 cm⁻¹ in FTIR spectra can be ascribed to the absorption of S–S bond in the Ag@CoS/rGO nanocomposite. The clear hexagonal structure was analysed by SEM and TEM with the grain sizes ranging from nanometer to micrometer. The electrode material exhibits excellent cyclic stability with a specific capacitance of 1580 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g without any loss of capacitive retention even after 1000 cycles. Based on the electrochemical performance, it can be inferred that the prepared novel nanocomposite material is very suitable for using as an electrode for electrochemical supercapacitor applications.     

Ag-decorated 3D flower-like Bi_2MoO_6/rGO with boosted photocatalytic performance for removal of organic pollutants

A series of unique 3 D flower-like Bi_2 MoO_6(BMO)/reduced graphene oxide(rGO) heterostructured composites decorated with varying amounts of Ag nanoparticles(NPs) were fabricated.Their morphological characteristics,structural features,energy band structures and photoelectrochemical properties were systematically studied.All the Ag/BMO/rGO ternary composites(AgBGy;y=1%,2% and 3%) demonstrated greater photocatalytic activity towards efficient removal of our selected organic models [methyl orange(MO),rhodamine B(RhB)and phenol],as compared with the BMO/rGO binary composites(BG-x;x=0.25,2,4 and 5).Particularly,AgBG-2%,which was synthesized with the addition of 2 wt% rGO and 2 wt% Ag in BMO,possessed superior photocatalytic activity.The fitted rate constants(k) for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,MO and phenol using AgBG-2% were estimated to be 0.0286,0.0301 and 0.0165 min~(-1),respectively,which were over one order of magnitude greater than those obtained using pure BMO.Several factors may contribute to the observed enhancement,including greater specific surface area,enhanced light absorption,promoted spatial separation of electronhole(e~--h~+) pairs and their suppressed recombination,especially benefiting from the synergistic effects among BMO,rGO and Ag NPs.Our work suggests that the rational design of BMO/rGO/Ag ternary composite was an effective strategy to boost the photocatalytic activity of the resulting catalyst towards the highly efficient removal of organic pollutants from water.     

Conducting polymer functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with noble metal nanoparticles: Synthesis,morphological characteristics and electrical properties

We report the synthesis of conducting polyaniline-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-f-PANI) containing noble metal (Au and Ag) nanoparticles composites (MWCNTs-f-PANI-Au or Ag-NC). MWCNTs-f-PANI was initially synthesized by functionalizing acyl chloride terminated carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COCl) with 2,5-diaminobenzenesulphonic acid (DABSA) via amide bond formation, followed by surface initiated in situ chemical oxidative graft polymerization of aniline in the presence of the ammonium persulphate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. MWCNTs-f-PANI was then dispersed into an aqueous Au or Ag metal salt solution followed by the addition of sodium citrate, which acted as a reducing agent. The resulting composite contained a high level of well dispersed Au or Ag nanoparticles (MWCNTs-f-PANI/Au-NC or MWCNTs-f-PANI-Ag-NC). Morphological and structural characteristics, as well as electrical conducting properties of the hybrid nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques including high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and four-probe measurements. FT-IR spectra confirmed that PANI was covalently bonded to MWCNTs. TEM images revealed the presence of Au or Ag nanoparticles finely dispersed in the composites with a size of <15 nm. XRD analysis revealed the presence of strong interactions between the metal nanoparticles and MWCNTs-f-PANI, where the metal particles were present in a phase-pure crystalline state with face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The room temperature electrical conductivity of the MWNCTs-f-PANI/Au or Ag composites was 4.8–5.0 S/cm, respectively, which was much higher than that of CNTs-f-PANI (0.18 S/cm) or pure PANI (2.5 × 10^?3 S/cm). A plausible mechanism for the formation of nanocomposites is presented. We expect that the new synthesis strategy reported here will be applicable for the synthesis of other hybrid CNTs–polymer/metal nanocomposites with diverse functionalities. This new type of hybrid nanocomposite material may have numerous applications in nanotechnology, gas sensing, and catalysis.     

Mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of electrodeposited Cu–ZrO2 nanocomposites

Electrodeposited Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites were prepared by suspending ZrO₂ nanoparticles in an acid copper electroplating bath at pH ～1. The calculated average crystallite size of electrodeposited pure copper and Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites were ～32 and ～30?nm, respectively. The measured crystallite structure was fcc and the texture was (220) for both electrodeposited pure copper and Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites. The surface morphology and composition of electrodeposited pure copper and Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites were characterised by SEM with EDX analysis. The microhardness and wear resistance of the electrodeposited Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposite was higher than that of pure copper. The corrosion resistances of electrodeposited Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposite and pure copper were evaluated by electrochemical Tafel polarisation studies. This revealed that Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites have higher corrosion resistance than electrodeposited pure copper in 3.5% NaCl (w/v) solution.     

Facile sonochemical synthesis and photocatalysis of Ag nanoparticle/ZnWO_4-nanorod nanocomposites

A facile sonochemical method was developed to synthesize metallic Ag spherical nanoparticles on the surface of ZnWO_4 nanorods by forming heterostructure Ag/ZnWO_4 nanocomposites.The Ag/ZnWO_4 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The experimental results showed that fcc metallic Ag nanoparticles were supported on surface of monoclinic sanmartinite ZnWO_4 nanorods.The Ag3d_(3/2) and Ag 3 d_(5/2) peaks have well-separated binding energies of 6.00 eV,certifying the existence of metallic Ag.The Ag/ZnWO_4 nanocomposites were evaluated for photodegradation of methylene blue(MB)induced by ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)radiation.In this research,heterostructure 10 wt% Ag nanoparticle/ZnWO_4-nanorod composites have the highest photocatalytic activity of 99%degradation of MB within 60 min.The increase in photocatalytic activity was the result of photoinduced electrons in conduction band of ZnWO_4 that effectively diffused to metallic Ag spherical nanoparticles and the inhibition of electron-hole recombination process.     

Synthesis and Properties of Ag-doped Titanium-10 wt% 45S5 Bioglass Nanostructured Scaffolds

A new kind of biomedical Ti-45S5 Bioglass-Ag nanocomposites and their scaffolds with antibacterial function was developed by the introduction of 1.5 wt% Ag into the Ti-10 wt% 45S5 Bioglass matrix.The microstructure,hardness and corrosion resistance in Ringer solution of the Ag-doped Ti-45S5 glass were investigated.The Vickers hardness of the bulk Ti-10 wt% 45S5 Bioglass-1.5 wt% Ag nanocomposites reached 480 HV0.3.Contact angles of water on the microcrystalline Ti and nanostructured Ti-10 wt% 45S5 Bioglass-1.5 wt% Ag sample were determined and show visible decrease from 55.2° to 49.6°.In vitro tests culture of normal human osteoblast cells showed very good cells proliferation,colonization and multilayering.In vitro bacterial adhesion study indicated a significantly reduced number of bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus) on the bulk nanostructured Ti-10 wt% 45S5 Bioglass-1.5 wt% Ag plate surface in comparison with that on microcrystalline Ti plate surface.Development of porous Ti-10 wt% 45S5 Bioglass-1.5 wt% Ag scaffolds aims in enhancing bone ingrowth and prosthesis fixation.     

Influence of Ag doped graphene on electrochemical behaviors and specific capacitance of polypyrrole-based nanocomposites

In this work, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were deposited on graphene sheets by chemical reduction and Ag-doped graphene (Ag-GR)/polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites were prepared by oxidation polymerization. The effect of the Ag-GR incorporation on the electrochemical properties of the PPy nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles (2–5 nm) could be deposited onto the GR and that Ag-GR was successfully coated by PPy. From the cyclic voltammograms, Ag-GR showed higher electrocatalytic activity than that of pristine GR. Furthermore, the Ag-GR/PPy showed remarkably increased current density, quicker response, and better specific capacitance compared with GR/PPy. This indicates that, due to their high electrocatalytic activity, the Ag nanoparticles deposited onto the GR serve as an efficiency catalyst to improve electrochemical performance of the GR/PPy and that they resulted in the increase of the charge transfer between GR and PPy by bridge effect.