计算网格资源管理的并行实现

对网格资源的含义及目的作了介绍，给出了资源管理的实现过程。在计算网格资源管理模型Globus的基础上，提出了网格资源管理中作业管理的并行化，对各个管理部分做了具体的描述。提出了作业并行分析器，实现作业管理的并行化，在一定程度上缩短了作业管理的时间，提高了作业管理的效率。其中对作业并行分析器进行了详尽的描述，使其根据各任务的依赖关系将作业中的任务划分为不同的任务组，并对每个任务组进行适当描述后提交给资源分配器。     

志愿者计算环境下的应用

介绍志愿者计算环境下应用的研究现状,根据该环境下科学计算应用的类型,分析应用的任务关系图,包括静态任务关系图和动态任务关系图.描述了电力系统潮流计算和生物信息学的序列比对.提出这两个应用在志愿者计算环境下的任务划分方式、分析并行粒度和应用特点.通过在计算平台P2HP上对两个应用进行实验和性能分析,总结了适合在志愿者计算平台上运行并取得高性能的科学应用的特点及对平台的要求.     

桌面网格中面向资源可用性预测的任务调度算法

提出桌面网格平台下的一种面向资源可用性预测的任务调度算法.该算法充分考虑了计算资源在执行作业的过程中可能发生的行为,采用预测技术保证了任务的高效而合理的分配.当计算资源发生异常时,通过公平的转移权重预测方法估计资源在下一阶段可能的状态,计算出资源的可靠性概率,然后开始调度子任务给资源.通过建立实验环境,设置不同的可靠性域值T与历史检查资源天数N等参数,在桌面网格上进行了测试.最后把该调度算法的实验结果与PPS等调度策略进行比较,验证了本文的任务调度算法在子任务处理率与通信轮回时间上有比较好的性能.     

蛋白质序列比对算法在众核结构上的并行优化

在生物信息学中,蛋白质序列比对是最为重要的算法之一,生物技术的发展使得已知的序列库变得越来越庞大,这类算法本身又具有计算密集型的特点,这导致进行序列比对所消耗的时间也越来越长,目前的单核或者数量较少的多核系统均已经难以满足对计算速度的要求.Godson-T是一个包含诸多创新结构的众核平台,在该系统上实现了对一种蛋白质序列比对算法的并行化,并且结合蛋白质比对算法以及Godson-T结构的特征,针对同步开销、存储访问竞争以及负载均衡3个方面对算法进行了细致的优化,最终并行部分整体也获得了更优的、接近线性的加速比,并且实际性能远远优于基于AMD Opteron处理器的工作站平台.     

大规模CFD多区结构网格任务负载平衡算法

针对现有负载平衡算法的适应度低、可扩展性差、通信开销度量不准确的缺陷, 提出一种大规模CFD多区结构网格任务负载平衡算法。通过对网格块的分割、网格块之间的组合映射、进程上网格计算量的调整来实现并行CFD任务负载平衡。实验结果表明, 该算法既适应同构平台也适应异构平台, 既适应网格块数多于进程数的情况也适应网格块数少于进程数的情况, 该算法可使得整个计算空间分配到各进程上的计算量负载平衡, 同时使得各进程间的最大通信开销最小。     

基于网格的生物序列比对与分析系统

提出了一个基于网格的生物基因序列比对与分析平台BioSA,详细描述了BioSA系统的各个组成模块,通过各个模块的分工与合作,BioSA系统可以给计算密集型基因序列比对提供一个统一与可扩展的计算环境.使用网格平台中的Web Services技术、消息通知机制,序列比较分析与查询匹配也可以实现.BioSA不仅支持系统定义的序列比对和分析,而且支持用户定义的、远程的序列分析.通过对实际序列比对的案例实现,验证了BioSA系统的正确性与高效性.     

基于多策略人工蜂群的多序列比对算法

多序列比对是生物信息学中最重要和最具挑战性的任务之一.基于多序列比对是NP 完全组合优化问题,引入Tent 混沌初始化种群策略、不同蜂种的邻域搜索策略和锦标赛选择策略等,提出一种基于多策略人工蜂群的多序列比对算法.该算法应用Tent混沌初始化种群策略以使初始个体多样化并获取较好初始解;针对不同蜂种的特性设计不同的邻域搜索策略以平衡算法的全局探索和局部开发能力.同时引入序列比对的蜜源编码方法以适应多序列比对的离散性.实验结果表明,所提出算法的鲁棒性较强,能获取较好的比对性能和生物特性.     

多序列比对软件T-Coffee的并行化设计与实现

T-Coffee是广泛用于核酸或氨基酸的多序列比对工具.它通过生成基本信息库,扩展库,生成指导树,渐近式比对四个阶段来完成多序列的比对.分析了T-Coffee串行算法及其复杂度,并提出了基于SMP机的并行化版本.目标是使其充分并行化,实验结果表明它明显的提高了性能,并得到了很好的相对加速比.     

基于并行约束规划的最大团识别研究

为提高大数据平台下大规模图例的最大团问题求解效率,提出一种基于并行约束规划的最大团识别算法.通过BMT图划分策略将一个复杂图例分割为若干个可独立计算的子图,并将其分配给Spark集群中的计算节点,每个计算节点采用约束规划方法对分割产生的子问题分别进行建模和求解,实现最大团问题的并行化处理.引入时间预测模型,设计基于任务运行时间预测模型的并行图划分方法,从而有效解决计算节点的负载均衡问题.实验结果表明,与基于BMC图划分策略的最大团并行识别算法相比,该算法具有更高的求解效率,可取得近似线性的加速比.     

基于人工鱼群算法的网格任务调度策略

网格任务调度是一个NP-hard问题,而且是并行与分布式计算中一个必不可少的组成部分,特别是在网格计算环境中任务调度更加复杂。提出了一种基于人工鱼群算法的网络任务调度策略,通过鱼群的觅食、聚群、追尾等方式,实现网格任务的有效调度。     

EDGeS: Bridging EGEE to BOINC and XtremWeb

Desktop Grids, such as XtremWeb and BOINC, and Service Grids, such as EGEE, are two different approaches for science communities to gather computing power from a large number of computing resources. Nevertheless, little work has been done to combine these two Grid technologies in order to establish a seamless and vast Grid resource pool. In this paper we present the EGEE Service Grid, the BOINC and XtremWeb Desktop Grids. Then, we present the EDGeS solution to bridge the EGEE Service Grid with the BOINC and XtremWeb Desktop Grids.     

志愿者计算模型在电力系统潮流计算中的运用

提出了一种电力系统潮流计算并行处理的新方法,该方法使用基于协同服务器组的志愿者计算平台P2HP作为高性能编程环境和运行平台。分析了大规模电力系统潮流计算问题在P2HP计算平台上的任务划分、并行粒度和实现技术。使用对象序列化技术和本地接口调用技术可以使潮流计算应用程序跨平台运行。仿真计算结果证明,这种方法能够满足安全性、实时性要求很高的大规模潮流计算应用的需求,具有较好的加速比和运行效率。     

Multi-criteria and satisfaction oriented scheduling for hybrid distributed computing infrastructures

Assembling and simultaneously using different types of distributed computing infrastructures (DCI) like Grids and Clouds is an increasingly common situation. Because infrastructures are characterized by different attributes such as price, performance, trust, and greenness, the task scheduling problem becomes more complex and challenging. In this paper we present the design for a fault-tolerant and trust-aware scheduler, which allows to execute Bag-of-Tasks applications on elastic and hybrid DCI, following user-defined scheduling strategies. Our approach, named Promethee scheduler, combines a pull-based scheduler with multi-criteria Promethee decision making algorithm. Because multi-criteria scheduling leads to the multiplication of the possible scheduling strategies, we propose SOFT, a methodology that allows to find the optimal scheduling strategies given a set of application requirements. The validation of this method is performed with a simulator that fully implements the Promethee scheduler and recreates an hybrid DCI environment including Internet Desktop Grid, Cloud and Best Effort Grid based on real failure traces. A set of experiments shows that the Promethee scheduler is able to maximize user satisfaction expressed accordingly to three distinct criteria: price, expected completion time and trust, while maximizing the infrastructure useful employment from the resources owner point of view. Finally, we present an optimization which bounds the computation time of the Promethee algorithm, making realistic the possible integration of the scheduler to a wide range of resource management software.     

Grids and Grid technologies for wide‐area distributed computing

The last decade has seen a substantial increase in commodity computer and network performance, mainly as a result of faster hardware and more sophisticated software. Nevertheless, there are still problems, in the fields of science, engineering, and business, which cannot be effectively dealt with using the current generation of supercomputers. In fact, due to their size and complexity, these problems are often very numerically and/or data intensive and consequently require a variety ofheterogeneous resources that are not available on a single machine. A number of teams have conducted experimental studies on the cooperative use of geographically distributed resources unified to act as a single powerful computer. This new approach is known by several names, such as metacomputing, scalable computing, global computing, Internet computing, and more recently peer‐to‐peer or Grid computing. The early efforts in Grid computing started as a project to link supercomputing sites, but have now grown far beyond their original intent. In fact, many applications can benefit from the Grid infrastructure, including collaborative engineering, data exploration, high‐throughput computing, and of course distributed supercomputing. Moreover, due to the rapid growth of the Internet and Web, there has been a rising interest in Web‐based distributed computing, and many projects have been started and aim to exploit the Web as an infrastructure for running coarse‐grained distributed and parallel applications. In this context, the Web has the capability to be a platform for parallel and collaborative work as well as a key technology to create a pervasive and ubiquitous Grid‐based infrastructure. This paper aims to present the state‐of‐the‐art of Grid computing and attempts to survey the major international efforts in developing this emerging technology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The ShareGrid Peer-to-Peer Desktop Grid: Infrastructure,Applications, and Performance Evaluation

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Desktop Grids are computing infrastructures that aggregate a set of desktop-class machines in which all the participating entities have the same roles, responsibilities, and rights. In this paper, we present ShareGrid, a P2P Desktop Grid infrastructure based on the OurGrid middleware, that federates the resources provided by a set of small research laboratories to easily share and use their computing resources. We discuss the techniques and tools we employed to ensure scalability, efficiency, and usability, and describe the various applications used on it. We also demonstrate the ability of ShareGrid of providing good performance and scalability by reporting the results of experimental evaluations carried out by running various applications with different resource requirements. Our experience with ShareGrid indicates that P2P Desktop Grids can represent an effective answer to the computing needs of small research laboratories, as long as they provide both ease of management and use, and good scalability and performance.     

QoS guided Min-Min heuristic for grid task scheduling

Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing.With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing,new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security,quality of service,and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains.A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues.One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achivev high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources.This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS).In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced.The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS guidance.The algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment.The experimental results show that the nwe QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications.The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information.     

一种对象化并行计算框架

分布式计算、并行计算、内存计算是目前提高计算性能的关键技术和热点研究领域。在大数据环境下,针对数据型统计分析系统性能劣化明显、不能满足用户使用需求的问题,提出了一种轻量级高性能对象化并行计算架构,研制了该架构的对象服务组件、对象管理服务组件和客户端代理组件,并将该架构和组件在国家电网资产质量监督管理系统中进行了验证应用,其效果表明该框架能大幅提升大数据处理效率。     

ComBos: A complete simulator of Volunteer Computing and Desktop Grids

Volunteer Computing is a type of distributed computing in which ordinary people donate their idle computer time to science projects like SETI@Home, Climateprediction.net and many others. In a similar way, Desktop Grid Computing is a form of distributed computing in which an organization uses its existing computers to handle its own long-running computational tasks. BOINC is the main middleware that provides a software platform for Volunteer Computing and desktop grid computing, and it became generalized as a platform for distributed applications in areas as diverse as mathematics, medicine, molecular biology, climatology, environmental science, and astrophysics. In this paper we present a complete simulator of BOINC infrastructures, called ComBoS. Although there are other BOINC simulators, none of them allow us to simulate the complete infrastructure of BOINC. Our goal was to create a complete simulator that, unlike the existing ones, could simulate realistic scenarios taking into account the whole BOINC infrastructure, that other simulators do not consider: projects, servers, network, redundant computing, scheduling, and volunteer nodes. The outputs of the simulations allow us to analyze a wide range of statistical results, such as the throughput of each project, the number of jobs executed by the clients, the total credit granted and the average occupation of the BOINC servers. The paper describes the design of ComBoS and the results of the validation performed. This validation compares the results obtained in ComBoS with the real ones of three different BOINC projects (Einstein@Home, SETI@Home and LHC@Home). Besides, we analyze the performance of the simulator in terms of memory usage and execution time. The paper also shows that our simulator can guide the design of BOINC projects, describing some case studies using ComBoS that could help designers verify the feasibility of BOINC projects.     

GMarte: Grid middleware to abstract remote task execution

Grid computing technologies are now being largely deployed with the widespread adoption of the Globus Toolkit as the industrial standard Grid middleware. However, its inherent steep learning curve discourages the use of these technologies for non‐experts. Therefore, to increase the use of Grid computing, it is important to have high‐level tools that simplify the process of remote task execution. In this paper we introduce a middleware, developed on top of the Java Commodity Grid, which offers an object‐oriented, user‐friendly application programming interface, from the Java language, which eases remote task execution for computationally intensive applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.