提高西洋参细胞生长和皂甙生产的几种方法研究

以三年生西洋参根为材料进行了愈伤组织的诱导和细胞株系的筛选；同时探讨了不同培养基、不同碳源、不同添加物以及不同钙离子浓度对西洋参细胞生长和总皂甙生产的影响，试验结果发现；ＭＳ培养基有利于西洋参细胞的生长，而皂甙含量的Ｂ５培养基的培养结果为最佳。用白糖替代蔗糖（ＡＲ），可促进细胞生长及提高皂甙的产量，在ＭＳ培养基中添加２ｇ／Ｌ酵母提取物时，细胞生长速率显著提高，细胞生长的最佳Ｃａ２＋浓度为４．４９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，而皂甙生产的最佳Ｃａ２＋浓度为０．９０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

催化裂化丙烯增浓助剂MP031的工业应用

介绍了南阳石蜡精细化工厂催化裂化装置应用丙烯增浓助剂MP031提高催化裂化液化气中丙烯浓度和汽油辛烷值。试验结果表明,MP031助剂可以提高丙烯含量0.6％,对汽油产量、性质的影响和催化产品的分布影响不大,经济效益良好。     

催化裂化汽油裂解制丙烯

以催化裂化汽油为原料,水热处理后的HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,催化裂解制丙烯。比较了水热处理后的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上负载镧和未负载镧的催化裂化性能,并考察了镧的最佳负载量。结果表明,水热处理后负载镧提高了催化剂活性、稳定性和丙烯选择性,负载镧质量分数为8%时,催化裂化性能最佳。当反应温度550 ℃和空速4 h-1时,丙烯收率12.51%。     

聚酯型高分子表面活性剂临界胶束浓度的测定：紫外分光光度法

本文通过实验选出了适用于测定聚酯型表面活性剂临界胶束浓度的添加物二甲基偶氮苯，确定了最佳浓度区间，建立了简单，快速的测定方法。     

水合物法分离催化裂化干气的相平衡研究

石油炼厂副产大量的催化裂化干气,常规的深冷分离方法存在能耗高、投资大的问题。水合物分离法是实现低沸点混合气体分离的一种新技术,其操作条件温和,降低了操作工艺要求和设备费用。采用实验研究方法,选择典型催化裂化干气组分,进行油水乳液体系中水合分离催化裂化干气的相平衡研究,分别考察温度、压力、初始气液体积比、乳化剂浓度和油水体积比等因素对水合分离的影响。结果表明,温度、压力、初始气液体积比、乳化剂浓度和油水体积比对水合分离催化裂化干气具有显著影响,分离效果随系统温度的降低或系统压力的升高或初始气液比的降低而提高。水合分离催化裂化干气的最佳操作条件为:系统温度274.15 K,压力5.0 MPa,初始气-液比90(V/V),油水比1.0(V/V),最佳乳化剂浓度配比span20(0.1%(wt))+oπ(1.0%(wt))。研究表明,在油水乳液体系中,采用水合分离方法催化裂化干气方法可行,具有很好的分离效果和工业应用潜力。     

各种抗氧剂对催化裂化柴油氧化安定性的影响

为提高催化裂化柴油的氧化安定性,我们选取了10种商业抗氧剂,以考察抗氧剂的种类和添加量对催化裂化柴油氧化安定性的影响。实验结果显示,不同抗氧剂对催化裂化柴油氧化安定性有不同影响,大部分受阻酚类抗氧剂对催化裂化柴油的抗氧化效果要优于芳胺类抗氧剂,而且酯基的引入能够提高受阻酚类抗氧剂对催化裂化柴油的抗氧化效果。对抗氧化效果最佳的抗氧剂1010而言,其抗氧化效果随着添加量的增加逐渐提高并趋于平稳,其最佳添加量为0.2%。     

脱铝改性NaY催化剂催化裂化餐厨废油研究

首先采用草酸络合法对NAY分子筛进行脱铝改性,得到Oxalate-NaY分子筛催化剂,使用FTIR、BET和NH₃-TPD表征方法证明了催化剂的成功合成。然后以催化裂化餐厨废油反应为模型反应,分别考察了催化剂合成时草酸浓度、催化剂合成时间、催化剂合成温度对催化裂化产率的影响。结果表明,Oxalate-NaY分子筛催化剂形成了强酸中心,比表面积为560m²·g^-1,催化剂制备的最佳条件为草酸浓度0.08 mol·L^-1、反应温度40℃、反应时间40 min,此条件下得到的催化剂催化效果最佳。     

催化裂化干气中乙烯制乙苯绝热反应温升和去热方式

本文介绍催化裂化干气中乙烯与苯制乙苯过程反应热平衡,讨论了进料乙烯浓度和苯/乙烯比与反应温升的关系,并论述了烃化反应器分层注入催化干气或苯的取热方式。结果表明,能有效地降低温升,确保催化剂处于最佳温区操作。     

提高液化气中丙烯浓度的催化裂化助剂

由中国石化石科院、上海石化股份有限公司、高桥分公司和齐鲁石化公司催化剂厂共同承担的中石化股份公司合同项目“提高液化气中丙烯浓度的催化裂化助剂的开发”，日前，在北京通过了中石化股份公司科技开发部组织的技术鉴定。提高液化气中丙烯浓度的催化裂化助剂在高桥分公司1号催化装置和上海石化股份公司催化裂化装置上的工业应用结果表明，     

CGP-1催化剂的工业应用

介绍了CGP-1催化剂在重油催化裂化装置上的工业应用,结果表明,CGP-1催化剂能明显提高装置总液体收率,降低汽油烯烃含量,增加丙烯产量,实现装置效益最大化.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。