不同质量PET切片的非等温结晶动力学

用DSC方法研究了三种不同质量聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)切片非等温结晶动力学。结果表明，PET切片都很好遵循Avrami方程和Ziabicki方法描述冷却速率对聚合物结晶形态的影响。PET切片中增加二甘醇(DEG)含量，可降低切片结晶速率，使熔融结晶温度向低温方向移动。结晶速率小，结晶温度低的切片，不一定结晶能力小。     

阳离子染料可染共聚酯的等温结晶动力学

利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对阳离子染料可染共聚酯CDP及ECDP的等温结晶动力学进行研究,并与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)相比较,寻求其变化规律.结果表明,各共聚酯的实验教据同Avrami理论吻合较好,有明显的线性关系,但在结晶后期出现了偏离.随着第三及第四单体的加入,结晶速率G逐渐减小,且酯型ECDP的结晶速率要...     

新型耐高温聚酯PCT的等温结晶性能研究

聚对苯二甲酸1,4环己二甲醇酯(PCT)是一种新型的耐高温聚酯.用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了PCT的等温结晶性能,并进行了等温结晶动力学分析.结果表明,PCT比PET的结晶速度快;动力学计算表明,PCT在较高温度下的结晶以异相成核为主.     

等温结晶聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的晶体形态和熔融行为

采用偏光显微镜和原子力显微镜研究了在特定温度下聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的晶体形态和熔融行为。结果表明,聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)的结晶形态依赖于结晶温度,在不同等温结晶温度下球晶依照无环带→规则环带→锯齿形环带→无环带的规律逐渐改变;环带宽度也随结晶温度的升高而增加。环带球晶在加热过程中熔融并伴随着环带的变化,由于晶片的熔融再结晶,环带形态经历了清晰→模糊→清晰→融化的渐变过程。     

聚羟基丁酸酯的等温与非等温结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的等温与非等温结晶动力学。采用Avrami方程分析了等温结晶动力学,Avrami指数n≈2,表明PHB以异相成核的二维平面晶体方式生长,等温结晶活化能为82.4 kJ/min。采用Jeziorny法和莫志深法分析了PHB的非等温结晶动力学,Avrami指数n≈3,表明PHB非等温结晶过程以异相成核的三维球晶方式生长。     

PET/苯乙烯-丙烯酸钠离聚物的结晶及熔融行为

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了离聚物苯乙烯-丙烯酸钠对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)的结晶行为及熔融行为的影响。结果表明,苯乙烯-丙烯酸钠离聚物能够诱导PET异相成核,从而大幅度提高PET的熔融结晶温度和降低冷结晶温度,实现PET在高温区和低温区结晶速率的同时提高,并使PET在等温熔融结晶过程的Avrami指数n增加。同时,苯乙烯-丙烯酸钠的加入改变了PET的熔融行为,同等结晶温度下PET/苯乙烯-丙烯酸钠离聚物的多重熔融峰中的峰II温度值大于纯PET。     

PET-PEE/ATO纳米复合材料的非等温结晶动力学

采用无机纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)和有机聚醚酯(PEE)协同提高聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)的抗静电性能,合成了聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯-聚醚酯/锑掺杂二氧化锡纳米复合材料(PET-PEE/ATO)。使用Ozawa方程和Liu-Mo方程研究了PET-PEE/ATO纳米复合材料的非等温结晶过程。Ozawa方程研究发现,在非等温结晶过程中,PET、PET-PEE、PET/ATO、PET-PEE/ATO的成核性能依次提高。Liu-Mo方程发现,ATO和PEE的加入分别促进了异相成核作用和加快了结晶生长,PET-PEE/ATO结晶成核性能最好,结晶速率最快。     

利用Avrami和莫志深方法研究聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-聚丁二酸二甘醇酯多嵌段共聚物的非等温结晶动力学

高聚物的成型加工通常在非等温条件下进行。本工作研究了解聚合物的非等温结晶行为,对选择合适的加工方法、设备,设定合适的温度以及时间对制备综合性能优异的高分子产品具有十分重要的意义。利用Avrami和莫志深方法对可生物降解的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-聚丁二酸二甘醇酯(PBS-b-PDGS)多嵌段共聚物的非等温结晶动力学进行了详细研究。结果表明,Avrami和莫志深方法适用于该体系的非等温结晶行为,PDGS的引入没有改变共聚物的结晶机理。聚合物的结晶温度随降温速率增大而降低,相同降温速率下共聚物的结晶温度随PDGS含量增加而减小,PDGS的稀释作用是导致聚合物结晶速率减小的原因。PBSb-PDGS共聚物的非等温结晶动力学研究为其实际加工成型提供了理论依据。     

玻纤增强的PBT等温结晶过程的模拟计算

根据DSC等温结晶曲线和Avrami方程推导出计算结晶动力学参数的新公式,以回避结晶初期峰不完善的问题;并由瞬时传热模型对于200℃、197℃、195℃和190℃玻璃纤维增强的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)等温结晶的DSC曲线模拟计算,求得准确的结晶动力学参数和热焓值。     

聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T)的结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热仪详细研究了聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T)的等温与非等温结晶动力学。用Avrami方程描述了PA10T等温结晶动力学,发现PA10T在选定的结晶条件下晶体的生长模式是二维生长,成核方式为均相成核,并求出Avrami指数为2,结晶活化能为302.32 kJ/mol;研究PA10T非等温结晶动力学后,发现随着降温速率的增大,结晶峰值温度向低温移动,结晶度和结晶焓增加,结晶速率显著加快。用Mo方程描述了其非等温结晶动力学,F(T)值随着相对结晶度的增加而增加,α值基本保持在1.6,非等温结晶活化能为338.56 kJ/mol。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.