水平集的图像分割方法综述

图像分割是图像处理中的关键技术之一,Osher和Sethian提出的水平集方法有效地解决了以前算法不能解决在曲线演化过程中的拓扑变化问题。目前,基于水平集方法的图像分割算法很多,对于不同应用领域的图像处理问题,人们都提出了相应的解决方法,而且大量的研究者还在不断改进和提高这些算法的效率和有效性。因此,本文按照水平集算法在图像分割中应用的发展历程将其分为3种情况进行了综述,以此为该领域读者提供借鉴。     

参考1维光谱差异的区域生长种子点选取方法

目的 区域生长法是遥感影像分割中常用的算法,该算法首先选取适当的像元作为生长的起始点（种子点）。现有的种子点选取方法存在种子点数目较多、效率低以及地物细节种子点不足等问题。针对种子点选取存在的问题,提出一种基于1维光谱差异的区域生长种子点的选取方法。方法 首先计算像元间1维（水平、竖直）方向上的光谱差异,然后选取光谱差异的局部极小值作为种子点,最后对种子点进行优选,得到区域生长的起点。结果 应用本文方法选取种子点,对高分辨率的IKONOS遥感影像进行了区域生长。将实验结果与分形网络演化方法及Kernel Graph Cuts方法的分割结果进行了目视对比,并且分别计算了3种方法所得分割结果的基元内部同质性和基元间相关性的评价指数。目视比较的结果表明,本文的种子点选取方法能够为区域生长提供具有代表性的种子点,得到了精细的分割结果。在定量评价上,本文方法也表现出了数值优势,各波段分割质量指数均提高15%以上。结论 提出的种子点选取方法能够为高分辨率遥感图像的区域生长分割提供具有代表性的种子点,产生精细的分割图像,对于地物细节有良好的分割效果,具有较高的实用价值。     

结合分布度量统计建模的主动轮廓图像分割

图像分割是数字图像处理中不可或缺的关键步骤。为了解决传统主动轮廓模型针对非匀质图像分割结果不准确且分割效率低的问题,提出一种结合分布度量统计建模的主动轮廓图像分割算法。所提算法的能量驱动力兼顾了图像的全局统计建模信息和其他混合灰度分布信息,使得分割曲线能够更加精确地演化至目标边缘。分布度量能量驱动力定义为轮廓内外概率密度函数定义的比率距离的方差,该能量驱动力基于图像全局信息统计建模,能够更加精确地描述轮廓曲线内外的能量变化;混合灰度分布能量驱动力由图像灰度值与融合均值与中值的区域拟合中心的L2范数表示。将分布度量能量驱动力与混合灰度分布能量驱动力组合形成新的能量泛函,利用水平集方法和梯度下降法迭代求得该能量泛函的最小值,以获得最终的图像分割结果。与传统CV（Chan Vese）模型、LBF（Local Binary Fitting）模型等四种算法的图像分割结果相比,所提模型在主观视觉效果、对初始轮廓的敏感性、运行时间和迭次次数方面均具有较大优势。     

半导体器件图象阈值选取方法的研究及算法实现

图像分割是数字图象处理中的一个重要问题；基于阈值选取方法的半导体器件的图象分割，具有较高的运算效率；文中针对常见阈值选取方法的具体使用情况进行了比较研究，并提出了具体算法实现，最后提出最佳的处理算法；实验结果表明该算法能够有效提高图象分割的质量，从而提高了半导体器件检测的正确率和自动化程度。     

离散ADMM方法下像素与对象基元协同优化的遥感影像无监督语义分割

语义分割是遥感影像分析中的重要技术之一。现有的方法（如基于深度卷积神经网络的方法等）虽然在语义分割中取得了显著进展,但往往需要大量训练数据。基于图模型的马尔可夫随机场模型（Markov random field model,MRF）提出了一种不依赖训练数据的无监督语义分割思路,可以有效地刻画地物空间关系,并对地物空间分布的统计规律进行建模。但现有的MRF模型方法通常建立在基于像素或对象的单一粒度基元上,难以充分利用影像信息,语义分割效果不佳。针对上述问题,引入交替方向乘子法 （alternative direction method of multiplier,ADMM）并将其离散化,提出了一种像素与对象基元协同的MRF模型无监督语义分割方法（MRF-ADMM）。首先构建像素基元和对象基元两个概率图,其中像素基元概率图用于刻画影像的细节信息,保持语义分割的边界;对象基元概率图用于描述较大范围的空间关系,以应对遥感影像地物内部的高异质性,使分割结果中地物内部具有良好的区域完整性。在模型求解过程中,针对像素和对象基元的特点,提出了一种离散化的ADMM方法,并将其用于两种基元类别标记的传递与更新,实现像素基元细节信息和对象基元区域信息的协同优化。高分二号和航拍影像等不同数据库不同类型遥感影像的语义分割实验结果表明,相较于现有的MRF模型,提出的MRF-ADMM方法能有效地协同不同粒度基元的优点,优化语义分割结果。     

图像分割算法研究综述

图像分割是图像处理中的一个经典难题,也是图像处理和计算机视觉领域中的基本技术。目前,广大研究者在图像分割领域里已提出了上百种分割方法,每种分割方法只局限特定的分割对象,至今没有一种通用的方法。本文综述了近年在图像分割技术上出现的常用图像分割算法以及它们的优缺点,展望了图像分割的前景和面临的挑战。     

Images thresholding using ISODATA technique with gamma distribution

Image segmentation is a fundamental step in many applications of image processing. Many image segmentation techniques exist based on different methods such as classification-based methods, edge-based methods, region-based methods, and hybrid methods. The principal approach of segmentation is based on thresholding (classification) that is related to thresholds estimation problem. The ISODATA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique) method is one of the classification-based methods in image segmentation. We assumed that the data in images is modeled by Gamma distribution. The objective of this paper is to explain a new method that combines Gamma distribution with the technique of ISODATA. The algorithm has two phases: splitting using Gamma distribution then merging which are done based on some predefined parameters. Experimental results showed good segmentation for artificial and real images.     

3-D shape recovery using distributed aspect matching

An approach to the recovery of 3-D volumetric primitives from a single 2-D image is presented. The approach first takes a set of 3-D volumetric modeling primitives and generates a hierarchical aspect representation based on the projected surfaces of the primitives; conditional probabilities capture the ambiguity of mappings between levels of the hierarchy. From a region segmentation of the input image, the authors present a formulation of the recovery problem based on the grouping of the regions into aspects. No domain-independent heuristics are used; only the probabilities inherent in the aspect hierarchy are exploited. Once the aspects are recovered, the aspect hierarchy is used to infer a set of volumetric primitives and their connectivity. As a front end to an object recognition system, the approach provides the indexing power of complex 3-D object-centered primitives while exploiting the convenience of 2-D viewer-centered aspect matching; aspects are used to represent a finite vocabulary of 3-D parts from which objects can be constructed     

Coupled grouping and matching for sign and gesture recognition

Matching an image sequence to a model is a core problem in gesture or sign recognition. In this paper, we consider such a matching problem, without requiring a perfect segmentation of the scene. Instead of requiring that low- and mid-level processes produce near-perfect segmentation, we take into account that such processes can only produce uncertain information and use an intermediate grouping module to generate multiple candidates. From the set of low-level image primitives, such as constant color region patches found in each image, a ranked set of salient, overlapping, groups of these primitives are formed, based on low-level cues such as region shape, proximity, or color. These groups corresponds to underlying object parts of interest, such as the hands. The sequence of these frame-wise group hypotheses are then matched to a model by casting it into a minimization problem. We show the coupling of these hypotheses with both non-statistical matching (match to sample-based modeling of signs) and statistical matching (match to HMM models) are possible. Our algorithm not only produces a matching score, but also selects the best group in each image frame, i.e. recognition and final segmentation of the scene are coupled. In addition, there is no need for tracking of features across sequences, which is known to be a hard task. We demonstrate our method using data from sign language recognition and gesture recognition, we compare our results with the ground truth hand groups, and achieved less than 5% performance loss for both two models. We also tested our algorithm on a sports video dataset that has moving background.     

一种基于EM算法的图像分割改进技术

图像分割是计算机视觉的基础,该文结合EM算法和PCA降维技术,给出了一种有效快速的进行图象分割的方法。该方法利用高斯混合模型对原始图像进行建模,通过EM算法将分割问题转化为参数最大似然估计的问题,同时采用PCA降维技术和随机采样来降低计算量。通过人工合成图象及真实图象的实际测试结果,验证了该算法的有效性和快速性。     

结合特定理论工具的彩色图像分割技术

由于彩色图像提供了比灰度图像更为丰富的信息,因此彩色图像处理正受到人们越来越多的关注。彩色图像分割是彩色图像处理的重要问题,目前对彩色图像的分割已提出了许多种算法。对近年来通过结合模糊技术、马尔可夫随机场、神经网络、遗传算法、小波变换等特定理论工具和模型的彩色图像分割方法和策略加以介绍。     

Spatial context-based optimal multilevel energy curve thresholding for image segmentation using soft computing techniques

Neural Computing and Applications - Image segmentation using multilevel thresholding (MT) is one of the leading methods. Although, as most techniques are based on the image histogram to be...     

Color image segmentation: advances and prospects

Image segmentation is very essential and critical to image processing and pattern recognition. This survey provides a summary of color image segmentation techniques available now. Basically, color segmentation approaches are based on monochrome segmentation approaches operating in different color spaces. Therefore, we first discuss the major segmentation approaches for segmenting monochrome images: histogram thresholding, characteristic feature clustering, edge detection, region-based methods, fuzzy techniques, neural networks, etc.; then review some major color representation methods and their advantages/disadvantages; finally summarize the color image segmentation techniques using different color representations. The usage of color models for image segmentation is also discussed. Some novel approaches such as fuzzy method and physics-based method are investigated as well.     

图像分割新方法综述

图像分割是图像处理与计算机视觉的基本问题之一,是图像处理到图像分析的关键步骤.随着越来越多人的研究,近年来涌现了许多新理论、新方法.但是没有一种方法能满足所有图像分割领域.在总结国内外最近几年相关学者的论文及其著作的基础上,对图像分割方法进行分类和讨论.在综述其相关方法的同时阐述每类分割方法的特点,对其它研究者在分割方法的选择上有一定的指导作用.     

快速图像处理中阈值选取方法的比较研究

图像分割是图像处理中的一个重要问题。阈值法计算简单,具有较高的运行效率,这使得其在实时图像处理系统中得以广泛的应用。本文选取在实时性强的系统中使用较好的几种阈值化方法进行分析,阐述了各种方法的基本思想,以及各自的优缺点和适用范围,并对相应的改进算法进行了综述,对进行图像分割研究的科研人员具有一定的参考价值和启发作用。     

遥感应用分析中影像分割方法

影像分割是数字图像模式识别的基础, 是实现从影像上进行目标计算机自动提取的第一步工作, 在遥感应用分析中具有重要意义。近年来, 随着大量的高质量的高分辨率遥感影像出现, 其相关应用迫切需要有效的、考虑其高分辨率影像特点的影像分割方法。但由于高分辨率遥感影像本身的一些特点, 遥感应用分析中传统常用的分割方法难以达到满意的效果。对遥感应用分析中的影像分割方法进行了总结和分析, 并结合高分辨率遥感影像的特点, 分析了高分辨率遥感影像分割的技术难点, 说明了基于像素的传统影像分割方法的局限性, 着重阐述了数学形态学、面向对象分析等方法能更充分地利用影像中目标的色调、纹理、几何等属性, 因此在高分辨率遥感影像分割方面更具有优势。最后, 探讨了遥感应用分析中影像分割方法的发展趋势。     

A novel clustering-based image segmentation via density peaks algorithm with mid-level feature

Image segmentation is an important and fundamental task in computer vision. Its performance is mainly influenced by feature representations and segmentation algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering-based image segmentation approach which can be called ICDP algorithm. It is able to capture the inherent structure of image and detect the nonspherical clusters. Compared to the other segmentation methods based on clustering, there are several advantages as follows: (1) Integral channel features are used to clearly and comprehensively represent the input image by naturally integrating heterogeneous sources of information; (2) cluster number can be determined directly and cluster centers are able to be identified automatically; (3) hierarchical segmentation is easy to be achieved via ICDP algorithm. The PSNR and MSE are applied to quantitatively evaluate the segmentation performance. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our novel image segmentation algorithm.

     

A method for combining complementary techniques for document image segmentation

Image segmentation is a major task of handwritten document image processing. Many of the proposed techniques for image segmentation are complementary in the sense that each of them using a different approach can solve different difficult problems such as overlapping, touching components, influence of author or font style etc. In this paper, a combination method of different segmentation techniques is presented. Our goal is to exploit the segmentation results of complementary techniques and specific features of the initial image so as to generate improved segmentation results. Experimental results on line segmentation methods for handwritten documents demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed combination method.     

交互式流域算法在医学图像分割中的应用

图像分割是图像处理中的主要问题,而医学图像领域是图像分割的一个重要的应用领域,医学图像具有复杂性,因而医学图像分割一直是图像处理中的一个研究热点和难点,对于一般的图像分割方法很难得到满意的结果.首先介绍了流域算法的基本思想、基本步骤以及流域变换过程中所存在的过度分割问题,然后利用区域中的面积信息和平均灰度信息、结合交互式流域变换,用户有效地选择感兴趣区域分割医学图像,实验结果表明采用该方法分割区域个数明显减少,能有效地解决流域变换中的过度分割问题.     

医学图像分割方法

图像分割是图像处理和计算机视觉领域中的基本技术,是大多数图像分析及视觉系统的重要组成部分。医学图像分割是图像分割的一个重要应用领域,在临床诊疗中起着越来越重要的作用。到目前为止对医学图像的分割已有上百种方法,但还没有一个公认的最好方法,也没有一个判断分割是否成功的客观标准。总结了目前广泛应用的医学图像分割方法,讨论了每类分割方法的特点和其所适用的范围,说明了医学图像分割研究的目的及意义,展望了医学图像处理的发展前景和面临的挑战。