一种基于区域的图像检索方法的研究

针对目前基于全局特征的图像检索系统存在的局限性,提出了一种基于区域的检索方案.首先应用K均值聚类算法将图像中的像素按颜色进行聚类,每一类近似对应于图像中的一个一致性区域,在区域上提取颜色和纹理特征.这种方式将检索过程深入到图像内部的物体中去,在一定程度上体现了图像的语义特性;在相似性匹配阶段,提出了一种基于区域的相似性匹配算法,并在实验中证明了其有效性.     

基于改进的SLIC的岩心颗粒图像边缘分割算法

在岩心颗粒图像进行目标提取的过程中,由于颗粒颜色丰富,类别和大小不一,且存在边界模糊等情况,导致颗粒分割很困难.针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于改进的简单线性迭代聚类(SLIC)算法,首先对图像进行预处理,增强目标区域同时模糊背景部分,消除孤立的噪声点且保护边缘信息;其次,结合LBP纹理特征对图像进行超像素分割;最后,结合区域之间的颜色特征进行超像素合并.实验表明,与现有的其它算法相比,该算法能准确地分割颗粒的边界,更有效地提取目标颗粒,极大地降低了后续对提取目标进行分析的复杂度.     

一种具有平滑轮廓的指纹图像分割算法

针对指纹图像预处理过程中的需要,提出了一种有效实用的基于指纹轮廓线的指纹图像分割算法.首先,在基于像素水平的指纹图像预分割后,得到一块连通的前景区域.然后,用一种改进的近似凸壳算法修正轮廓线.实验证明,该算法具有较高的稳健性和精确度.     

基于特征融合的背景差分改进算法

背景差分法可完整快速地分割出目标图像,但其在背景扰动与光照变化等情况下检测效果不佳。文中提出一种基于特征融合的背景差分改进算法。该算法将时空局部二值模式纹理特征以及颜色特征相融合,同时考虑两特征的置信度和相似性得分得出背景概率,继而进行前景分割,并将当前检测出的背景像素用于背景模板更新,以便更好地解决复杂背景下的目标检测问题。实验结果表明,新算法的检测效果优于其他同类算法,在保持背景差分算法鲁棒性与复杂度的同时,在背景扰动与光照变化等情况下表现出了良好的检测效果。     

一种新的结合稀疏编码的红外图像聚类分割算法

聚类作为一种重要的图像分割方法得到了大量研究,提出了一种新的结合稀疏编码的红外图像聚类分割算法,扩展了传统的基于K-means聚类的图像分割方法。结合稀疏编码的聚类算法能有效融合图像的局部信息,而且易于利用像素之间的内在相关性,但是对于分割会出现过分割和像素难以归类的问题。为此,在字典的学习过程中,将原子的聚类算法引入其中,有助于缩减字典中原子所属类别的数目防止出现过分割;同时将稀疏编码系数同原子对聚类中心的隶属程度相结合来判断像素所属的类别。这种处理方式能更好地实现利用像素的内在相关性进行聚类分割,并在其中自然引入了局部空间信息,达到更好分离目标区域和背景区域的目的。实验结果表明,结合稀疏编码的K-means聚类分割算法能更好的实现复杂背景下红外图像重要区域的准确分割提取。     

图像信息驱动的抑制式粗糙模糊聚类分割算法

粗糙模糊聚类方法需要手动设置阈值确定粗糙聚类的上、下近似且对图像中的噪声较为敏感。为了减少人为干预,实现粗糙模糊聚类在图像分割中的深度应用,本文提出一种图像信息驱动的抑制式粗糙模糊聚类分割算法。方法中设计了基于超像素区域信息的自适应阈值策略,用于有效确定粗糙聚类的上下近似,将图像空间信息引入到粗糙模糊聚类,构造了融合空间信息的粗糙模糊聚类目标函数,克服方法对于图像噪声的敏感性,此外,为进一步提升聚类性能,将模糊聚类中的抑制式学习思想引入到粗糙下近似集中像素的模糊隶属度的修正,实现了粗糙和模糊思想的深度融合。本文算法是更具混合智能机理的粗糙模糊聚类图像分割算法,实验结果表明了本文算法的有效性。      

一种复杂背景下的电力设备红外图像分割方法

针对背景复杂的电力设备红外图像分割问题,提出一种新的分割方法。该方法运用线性谱聚类算法(LSC)对图像做超像素分割,将颜色、距离相似的像素聚类至同一个中心;利用在全局图像基础上计算所得的Otsu阈值对各超像素块做背景预标记,并利用最大相似度区域合并算法(MSRM)对超像素块进行合并,在得到目标设备的同时,有效降低了过分割和欠分割率;最后运用数学形态学算法对图像做后处理,在保证设备特征的前提下提高目标设备分割精度。实验表明,在复杂背景下与其他算法相比,该方法可得到更为准确、完整的目标设备。     

一种基于最大类间方差和区域生长的图像分割法

提出一种基于一维最大类间方差和区域生长的图像分割法。首先用一维最大类间方差法确定最佳分割阈值,再用改进的区域生长法分割得到目标。实验结果表明,该分割算法不仅适用于简单的图像分割问题,而且对于背景复杂、光照不均匀的图像也能取得较好的分割效果。该算法计算量小,实时性和分割精度均有一定优势,在提取目标的同时,不留下任何背景像素,使下一步的目标识别更为简单。     

鲁棒总变分核空间模糊聚类分割算法研究

针对现有的总变分模糊聚类分割算法在强噪声干扰图像分割中难以获得准确有效分割结果的不足,提出了鲁棒总变分核空间模糊聚类分割算法。该算法首先在鲁棒模糊聚类分割算法的目标函数中引入了总广义变分(TGV)正则化,消除图像中不需要的噪声和伪影;其次引入局部空间信息、局部灰度信息以及非均匀隶属函数从而构造一个新的模糊局部信息因子,在保证噪声抑制的同时保留图像中更多细节信息;最后将改进的聚类算法推广至核空间,使原空间线性不可分的像素样本点变成线性可分或近似线性可分,从而更好地给每个像素分配更高的隶属度。实验结果表明,与现有的总变分模糊聚类分割算法相比,建议算法在强高斯噪声干扰情况下的分割精度提高了14.7%,对强高斯噪声有较好的鲁棒性以及分割性能。     

基于改进GMM和多特征融合的视频火焰检测算法

针对现有视频图像火焰检测算法前景提取不完整、准确率低和误检率高等问题,提出一种基于改进混合高斯模型(GMM)和多特征融合的视频火焰检测算法。首先针对背景建模,提出了自适应高斯分布数和学习率的改进GMM方法,以提高前景提取效果和算法实时性;然后利用火焰颜色特征筛选出疑似火焰区域,再通过融合改进局部二值模式纹理和边缘相似度特征用于火焰检测。基于支持向量机设计火焰融合特征分类器并进行对比实验,在公开数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法有效提高了背景建模效果,火焰检测准确率可达到92.26%,误检率低至2.43%。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.