锦/棉交织物活性染料一浴法染色工艺的研究

锦纶和棉的染色性能不同，所以锦/棉交织物的同色性染色工艺较为复杂。传统的染色方法是采用分散/活性，分散/直接，酸性/活性等两浴法染色。本文用活性染料对锦/棉织物进行一浴两步法染色。选择pH值4.5-5可以对锦纶染色，在碱性条件下对锦纶不上色或轻微上色的活性染料，首先在酸性条件下对锦纶纤维染色，然后调节pH值到碱性对棉纤维染色，得到了优异的同色性。     

涤/棉混纺织物分散/活性染料一浴染色工艺研究

本实验选择双一氯均三嗪结构的活性染料和耐碱型分散染料,探讨涤/棉(65/35)混纺织物分散/活性染料一浴染色工艺。通过单因素实验分析了染色温度、染色时间、无水硫酸钠浓度和碳酸钠浓度对织物染色效果的影响,得到优化的工艺。红色在硫酸钠60 g/L、碳酸钠2 g/L、温度120℃、时间30分钟工艺条件下染色;蓝色在硫酸钠浓度45 g/L、碳酸钠浓度2g/L、温度130℃、时间60分钟工艺条件下染色。     

大豆/PTT微胶囊分散染料/活性染料一浴一步法染色

探讨了纯碱和氯化钠用量、染料浓度对微胶囊分散蓝2BLN/活性染料(活性蓝KN-R、活性深蓝B-2GLN和活性蓝K-3RL)一浴法染色大豆/PTT混纺织物表观色深K/S值的影响,测定了不同染色工艺对染色织物牢度的影响.结果表明:当染料总用量为2％(o.w.f.),纯碱用量1g/L,氯化钠用量20 g/L,95℃条件下保温30分钟时,可使大豆/PTT混纺织物获得较高的表观色深.     

棉盖丙复合针织物活性/碱性染料同浴染色工艺探讨

在用次氯酸钠溶液进行氯漂/氯化的基础上,重点研究了用活性染料/碱性染料同浴对棉盖丙复合针织物染色时,分散剂的用量、碱剂的用量、染色温度、染色时间等因素对染色效果的影响。试验结果表明:当 IW分散剂用量为2．5g/l时可获得比较好的分散效果,弱碱性条件下棉的色差很小,丙纶的色差也可以接受; 温度低时,对碱性染料上染丙纶不利,90℃时染色效果较好,同浴染色时间增加,色差明显增大。     

PLA/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色工艺研究

在PLA/棉混纺织物的一浴一步法染色过程中,以上染率和洗涤沾色情况作为衡量染色效果的依据,筛选了适合PLA/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色的三原色染料,并分别研究了分散染料和活性染料的提升性。     

Argazol NF活性染料对牛奶/棉混纺织物的染色研究

针对牛奶纤维不耐碱的特点,选择雅格素中性固色活性染料对牛奶/棉混纺织物进行染色研究。研究结果表明:染色温度对上染率的影响较大;染料浓度2%时,75℃保温90分钟、85℃保温60分钟、95℃保温45分钟染色的上染率相当,约为77%;低温长时染色条件更适宜对牛奶/棉混纺织物染色,75℃保温90分钟的染色效果最好;雅格素中性固色活性染料对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物染色适宜染淡、中色,牢度较好。染料浓度低于4%时,提升性较好。     

锦棉纤维活性染料同浴染色初探

采用活性染料对锦棉织物一浴两步法染色,固定第一步的活性染料对棉织物的染色工艺,探究第二步锦纶染色阶段温度、染液p H值、锦纶染色时长对同色性的影响以及锦棉织物比例对同色性的影响。实验结果表明:随着锦纶染色阶段温度的升高,活性染料对锦纶的上染率提高;降低染液p H值,活性染料对锦纶的上染率提高,色差降低,同色性有改善;不同锦纶阶段染色时间和不同比例的锦棉织物对同色性也有影响。     

Megafix BES活性染料在棉织物上的应用

通过正交试验确定三只Megafix BES活性染料的工艺参数，对其色牢度、鲜艳度、色深值、色差值进行了测试。实验结果表明，这三只Megafix BES染料染棉织物适合的工艺为：染浴浓度2％；元明粉30g/l：纯碱15g/l;初染温度60℃；染色时间30分钟，固色温度70℃；固色时间50分钟：浴比1：25。     

竹/棉混纺织物活性染料染色使用代用碱固色的工艺探讨

通过代用碱TF-221和常规纯碱对活性染料浸染固色的对比实验,测定了碱剂在染色浴固着反应中pH值的动态变化值。通过染色K/S值、各项色牢度、上染速率的对比实验,讨论了代用碱TF-221在活性染料染色中代替纯碱作为固色剂的作用效果,并测定两种工艺染色后织物的强力变化,找到合适的固色工艺。实践证明:代用碱TF-221完全可以代替纯碱用于活性染料染色对竹/棉混纺织物染色时的固色,其固着浴pH值稳定范围符合活性染料的染色特征,可以获得与使用纯碱相当或高于的K/S值和染色牢度,且上色缓慢,起到匀染作用;染色后织物的强力无明显下降。     

酸性金属络合染料上染锦氨织物的色牢度探讨

采用酸性金属络合染料对锦氨织物进行染色,从染料、染色工艺、助剂三个角度探讨了对染色牢度的影响。结果表明:酸性金属络合染料对锦氨织物染浅、中及中深色的牢度较好;染深色时,需通过工艺调整及助剂辅助。其优化的工艺条件为:染色温度93℃,保温时间30 min,染浴p H值在3~4,配合1.0 g/L氨纶防沾色剂,2%(omf)酸性固色剂DM-2539G及2.0 g/L增进剂CIBAFIX ECO后处理,各项牢度指标能提升到3-4级及以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.