改善耐磨性和耐蚀性的低温涂层的等离子体辅助CVD

在本研究中描述了从热ＣＶＤ（９００－１１００℃）越过等离子体辅助ＣＶＤ（ＰＡＣＶＤ），到用有机金属ＰＡＣＶＤ（ＭＯ－ＰＡＣＶＤ）的低达１４０℃的甚低落曙沉积这一合连续改善及它们的相应应用。研究了钢基体、硬金属、陶瓷基体以及时效硬化铝合金上ＴｉＮ、ＴｉＣ、ＴｉＣＮ、ＺｒＣｎ、ＺｒＢＣＮ、ＢＣＮ单层体系和多层体系的沉积。光发射光谱测定术已用于识别在等离子体辅助工艺期间放电中的粒种，并用于工艺最佳化和控     

高能离子注入对聚酚亚胺薄膜硬度的影响

报道了聚酚亚胺薄膜在高能（６５０ｋｅＶ－２ＭｅＶ）Ｂ＋、Ｃ＋和Ｃｕ＋离子注入后硬度的变化。对注入样品进行了显微硬度测量和ＸＰＳ及ＲＢＳ分析，观察了硬度与离子种类、能量及注入剂量的依赖关系。结果表明，离子注入之后薄膜样品的显微硬度值明显提高，注入离子在样品中的电子能量损失对聚合物材料改性起着关键作用。ＸＰＳ和ＲＢＳ分析显示，离子注入之后聚酰亚胺薄膜中Ｃ的含量增加，形成了以苯环结构为主的新的交联网状结构。     

冠心病患者循环血中内皮细胞、内皮素和6－酮－前列环素F_（1a）的动态变化及意义

以循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ）作为血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）损伤的指示物，以血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）和前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）反映ＶＥＣ的功能变化，对８５例冠心病患者与３０例正常人进行对比研究，并对５０例不稳定型心绞痛及２０例急性心肌梗塞进行了动态观察．结果表明：冠心病外周血中ＣＥＣ、ＥＴ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＰＧＩ２明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），尤以不稳定型心绞痛和急性心肌梗塞更显著，与病情的严重程度相一致．提示冠心病ＶＥＣ损伤，以及它所分泌的内皮源性舒缩因子失平衡参与了冠心病的病理过程。     

双能X射线骨密度仪测定技术研究

以Ｌｕｎａｒ公司ＤＰＸ－Ｌ型双能Ｘ射线骨密度仪为例，研究引起测量误差的主要因素并提出质控措施。用自检模块、腰椎体膜评定仪器的体外测量精度好于１％。对１０位志愿者重复２次测量，体内精度对腰椎，ＭＰＤ（平均百分差）为０．４６，ＣＶ（变异系数）为０．７５；对股骨颈，ＭＰＤ为１．２６、ＣＶ为０．４７；Ｗａｒｄ’ｓ三角区ＭＰＤ为２．０１、ＣＶ为１．１４；大转子ＭＰＤ为１．６６、ＣＶ为０．７２。扫描图像由２位     

劳斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室LAMPF数据获取系统

ＬＡＭＰＦ数据获取系统分为通用的数据获取系统和先进的ＭＥＣＡ数据获取系统，文中描述了通用系统的结构及未来打算。ＬＡＭＰＦ ＭＥＣＡ系统的第二阶段触发使用了ＲＩＳＣ工作站及ＶＭＥ接口。文中给出了其实施过程及速度的测量。     

聚变堆第一壁涂层材料TiC和TiN的残余应力研究

采用Ｘ衍射法测定了聚变堆第一壁涂层材料ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＮ薄膜的残余应力．对涂层材料不同的制备方法（化学气相沉积ＣＶＤ和物理气相沉积ＰＶＤ）、基体材料（Ｍｏ、石墨和３１６ＬＳＳ）、涂层厚度及沉积温度对残余应力的影响进行了研究．结果表明，ＣＶＤ与ＰＶＤ制备的涂层的残余应力均为压应力，且ＣＶＤ较ＰＶＤ产生的残余应力要低，Ｔｉ／Ｍｏ（ＣＶＤ）随涂层厚度（１４μｍ～６０μｍ）的增加，残余应力增加．ＰＶＤ涂层的残余应力主要为本征应力，高达数ＧＰａ．其值随沉积温度（２００℃～６５０℃）的升高而降低．对残余应力产生的原因作了初步讨论     

高能离子注入对聚酰亚胺薄膜硬度的影响

报道了聚酰亚胺薄膜在高能（６５０ｋｅＶ－２ＭｅＶ）Ｂ＾＋、Ｃ＾＋和Ｃｕ＾＋离子注入后硬度的变化。对注入样品进行了显微硬度测量和ＸＰＳ及ＲＢＳ分析，观察了硬度与离子种类、能量及注入剂量的依赖关系。结果表明，离子注入之后薄膜样品的显微硬度值明显提高，注入离子在样品中的电子能量损失对聚合物材料改性起着关键作用。ＸＰＳ和ＲＢＳ分析显示，离子注入之后聚酰亚胺薄膜中Ｃ的含量增加，形成了以苯环结构为主的新的交联     

洁净核能系统边耦合质子直线加速器的设计

洁净核能系统的强流连续波质子直线加速器常温腔方案中，高能段采用边耦合加速结构（ＯＣＬ），频率为７００ＭＨｚ，工作模式为π／２模。ＣＣＬ把来自耦合腔漂移管加速器（ＣＣＤＴＬ）的３０ｍＡ、８０ＭｅＶ的质子束加速到１ＧｅＶ。ＣＣＬ段总长１０６４ｍ，采用ＦＯＤＯ的横向聚焦结构，聚集周期长度为８βλ，腔的束孔道半径为２．００、２．２５、２．５０ｃｍ。用ＳＵＰＥＲＦＩＳＨ优化腔，给出了计算结果，同时给出了能量     

LAMPF数据获取系统介绍

ＬＡＭＰＦ数据获取系统分为通用的数据获取系统和先进的ＭＥＧＦ数据获取系统，文中描述了通用系统的结构及未来打算。ＬＡＭＰＦ ＭＥＧＡ系统的第二阶段触发使用了ＲＩＳＣ工作站及ＶＭＥ接口。文中给出了其实施过程及速度的测量。     

辐射PVDF／PEA共混物的熔融与结晶行为研究

ＰＶＤＦ／ＰＥＡ共混物熔融后在冰水中淬火或自然冷却，制得两种没结晶度的试样，经电子束辐照后，用示差热分析等方法研究它们熔融与结晶行为。结果表明，自然冷却试样的熔点Ｔｍ和结晶温度ＴＣ随辐照剂量的增加而降低，而熔融热焓ΔＨｆ，结晶度ＸＣ和结晶热焓ΔＨＣ随辐照剂量的增加先增加后降低。     

稳定剂对PVC辐射变色性能影响的研究

采用^60Coγ射线对聚氯乙烯（Polyvinyl chloride，PVC）／稳定剂复合体系进行辐照。研究了不同稳定剂对PVC辐射变色．陛能的影响；并采用紫外光谱仪（Ultraviolet spectrometer，UV）和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪（Fouriertransform infrared spectrometer，FT—IR）对其结构进行了表征。结果表明，硬脂酸钙（Calcium stearate，CaSt），硬脂酸锌（Zinc stearate，ZnSt）复合稳定剂、环氧大豆油、亚磷酸酯和光稳定剂的加入可提高PVC耐辐射变色性能。亚磷酸酯的加入可提高PVC的耐辐射氧化性能。在相同吸收剂量下，添加硬脂酸钙／硬脂酸锌复合稳定剂的PVC具有优异的耐辐射变色性能。在吸收剂量为30kGy时，CaSt：Znst为4：1的PVC黄变指数变化率为8．3％。PVC经辐照后主要形成3至4个共轭双键的不饱和酮或共轭烯烃结构。     

High doses gamma radiolysis of PVC: Mechanisms of degradation

Anaerobic and aerobic radiolysis mechanisms of poly(vinyl chloride) were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). PVC samples have been irradiated by γ rays (⁶⁰Co) at high doses (up to 4 MGy) and at room temperature. High dose anaerobic radiolysis of PVC induced several modifications in polymer. Alkyl radicals are formed, and then these radicals induced the formation of polyenic radicals. ¹³C NMR spectra have also shown the formation of polyenic sequences and crosslinking reactions. The modifications induced in PVC irradiated under aerobic condition are different. ESR spectra have shown that peroxyl radicals are formed. Propagating reactions from peroxyl radicals are mainly composed by β-scission reactions. These β-scission reactions involved the decrease of average molecular weight and the formation of aldehydes, acids chloride and/or carboxylic acids. From all these results, anaerobic and aerobic mechanisms of degradation by PVC radiolysis are proposed.     

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber reinforced PVC/ENR blend-electron beam irradiation

The effect of irradiation on the tensile properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber reinforced poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR) blends were studied. The composites were prepared by mixing the fiber and the PVC/ENR blend using HAAKE Rheomixer at 150 °C. The composites were then irradiated by using a 3.0 MeV electron beam machine at doses ranging from 0 to 100 kGy in air and room temperature. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break and gel fraction of the composites were measured. Comparative studies were also made by using poly(methyl acrylate) grafted OPEFB fiber in the similar blend system. An increase in tensile strength, Young’s modulus and gel fraction, with a concurrent reduction in the elongation at break (Eb) of the PVC/ENR/OPEFB composites were observed upon electron beam irradiation. Studies revealed that grafting of the OPEFB fiber with methyl acrylate did not cause appreciable effect to the tensile properties and gel fraction of the composites upon irradiation. The morphology of fractured surfaces of the composites, examined by a scanning electron microscope showed an improvement in the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix was achieved upon grafting of the fiber with methyl acrylate.     

辐射交联聚氯乙烯绝缘材料的研究Ⅱ.添加一缩三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯的影

本文研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)在添加一缩二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯双官能团单体(DGDA)条件下的辐射交联效应。辐射初期PVC的交联反应速度较快,当剂量达到40kGy以后,凝胶含量达到最大值。在相同剂量条件下,PVC的凝胶含量、交联G值随DGDA添加量的增加而提高。交联PVC比未交联PVC的体积电阻系数有明显的提高,说明PVC辐射交联后的电绝缘性能得到很大改善。交联后,它的机械性能也有一定的提高。辐射交联PVC的热老化失重比未交联的PVC有较大的减少,而拉伸强度残留率K_1和断裂伸长率残留率K_2比未交联的PVC有较大提高,也就是说PVC交联后的耐温性提高了。     

Surface Sulfonation of Polyvinyl Chloride by Plasma for Antithrombogenicity

To enhance the blood compatibility of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) film, the film was modified by SO2/O2 gas plasma treatment. The effect of surface sulfonation of PVC treated by various SO2/O2 gas plasma depended on the volume ratio O2/(SO2 O2). When the volume ratio was 0.5, the effect of sulfonation was the best. Sulfonic acid groups were specifically and efficiently introduced onto the PVC surface, which was proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transfer Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface microstructure of modified PVC film was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antithrombogenicity of the samples was determined by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and plasma recalcification time (PRT) tests and platelet adhesion experiment. The results indicated that the antithrombogenicity of modified PVC was improved remarkably.     

金属铱多孔材料过滤性能分析

金属多孔材料因其良好的过滤和理化性能，在气-固分离方面得到广泛的应用。采用氦质谱检漏仪、扫描电子显微镜及比表面积测试仪等对金属铱多孔材料的孔隙率、微观结构、孔隙特征及孔隙分布等方面进行了研究。研究表明，该金属铱多孔材料由粉体颗粒和孔隙组成，其内部孔隙相互连通构成复杂的三维结构；孔隙率约为16.93%，有98.7%的孔隙孔径为0.002~0.05 μm，1.3%的孔径为0.05~0.46 μm；根据多孔材料微过滤理论及气体中微粒捕集理论（不考虑多孔材料厚度），该金属铱多孔材料对粒径不小于0.46 μm粉体颗粒过滤效率达100%，且不受气体流速的影响；对粒径小于0.46 μm的粉体颗粒，当气体流速不大于5.28 m/s时，过滤效率同样达100%，而当气体流速大于5.28 m/s时，则会有部分粉体颗粒通过。多孔材料微过滤理论及气体中微粒捕集理论可为多孔材料过滤性能评价提供参考，该金属铱多孔材料也可用于放射性同位素材料的气-固分离。     

防氚高分子复合材料的制备及其性能

利用氯化聚乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯(Polyvinylidene chloride,PVDC)、高密度聚乙烯等高分子材料复合防氚材料。采用渗透实验测量氚气渗透率;通过测量断裂强力和剥离力测量力学性能;通过测量浸泡化学试剂前后的溶失率、断裂强力下降率、剥离力下降率等表征材料的耐化学性能。结果表明,氚气在防氚高分子复合材料中的渗透率为3.44×10-10 m3/(m2?s);与PVC相比,氚气渗透率降低约70倍。PVDC薄膜复合后断裂强力提高约20倍,经纬向断裂强力为721 N。防氚高分子复合材料浸泡5种化学试剂后,最大溶失率为0.29%、断裂强力最大下降率为5.1%,其力学性能、耐化学性能均满足《防护服装酸碱类化学品防护服》(GB24540-2009)等相关标准的要求。     

Improvements of the reactivity devices modeling for the advanced CANDU reactor

In the context of the ACR™ (Advanced CANDU Reactor), 3D transport calculations are required in order to simulate the reactivity devices located perpendicularly to the fuel channels. The computational scheme that is usually used for CANDU-6 and ACR reactors is based on a simplified supercell geometry in which the fuel clusters and devices are replaced by annuli. Recently, an exact modeling of 3D supercell configurations was introduced within the framework of the ACR calculations. However, with such a model, fine meshing requirements lead to problems that are very demanding in terms of computational resources.

In this paper, we present improvements introduced in the ACR context to reduce the cost of the 3D supercell calculations. Two avenues of investigations are reported. First, the introduction of an accelerated characteristics method permits to reduce the computational burden of such calculations involving a large number of regions. In addition, contrarily to CANDU-6 supercell configurations, the ACR 3D geometry is prismatic and consequently a special tracking procedure can be used. This approach introduces no approximation and is significantly faster than the general 3D tracking technique. Thanks to these modifications in the computational procedure, 3D supercell calculations with a level of mesh discretization comparable to 2D cell configurations become affordable for industrial applications.     

The Storing Matter technique applied to PVC: Effect of the primary ion fluence on the sputter-deposition

The Storing Matter technique is derived from SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) and consists in decoupling the sputtering of the specimen from the subsequent analysis step. PVC samples were sputtered by an Ar⁺ beam with different fluences, and the emitted particles were deposited on a dedicated Ag collector. In a second step, the matter deposited on the collector was analyzed by static SIMS.For each deposit, several analysis points were chosen across a diameter of the collector in order to show the changes in the mass spectra as the deposit coverage changes. It was shown that the Storing Matter technique is sensitive enough to observe some well-known consequences of increasing the primary ion fluence, namely an increasing contribution of aromatic fragments and a decrease in sputtering yield.