基于微纳光纤全光相位调制器的PGC解调系统

基于光源内调制法的相位生成载波(PGC)解调系统中存在因干涉仪臂差及光源快速调谐引入环境相位噪声和光源相位噪声等问题,为此,建立了基于微纳光纤全光相位调制器的新型PGC解调系统。为满足PGC解调技术应用要求,设计了基于光吸收致热效应的微纳光纤全光相位调制器,调制带宽可达10kHz以上。在此基础上,构建了光纤水听器PGC解调系统,并进行了模拟水声信号的测试解调研究。实验结果显示,该系统可以对3kHz以下水声信号的进行良好解调。     

基于频率调制连续波的干涉型光纤声传感器信号检测技术

针对光纤干涉仪存在的相位衰落问题,讨论了基于正弦波形的频率调制连续波(FMCW)和锯齿波FMCW两种干涉型光纤声传感器的信号检测原理,并给出了数字化信号解调方案。采用7.5 m臂差的光纤声传感器和具备调频功能的半导体激光器,对10 kHz正弦波FMCW和锯齿波FMCW两种调频方式进行了信号解调实验对比。解调结果表明,两种调制解调方案均能稳定检测出加在声传感器上的模拟声信号,消除了光纤干涉仪的相位衰落。但在实际工程应用中,与正弦波FMCW检测方案相比,锯齿波FMCW方案无需检测混频信号的初始相位,检测灵敏度高且稳定,算法实现更为简单,而且使用不同臂差的光纤传感器可实现传感器的频分复用。     

激光器强度噪声对光纤水听器相位载波解调的影响

相位载波(PGC)调制解调技术作为光纤水听器主要的检测技术之一,已经应用于许多光纤水听器阵列系统之中,该方案对光源提出了窄线宽、可调谐、低噪声等较高的要求。实验中发现,光源弛豫噪声对系统噪声性能产生了较大的影响。在理论分析光源弛豫噪声对相位载波解调影响的基础上,提出了通过调节抽运功率,控制弛豫振荡中心频率为相位载波调制频率的半倍频的奇数倍,来降低系统解调噪声的方法,实验验证了理论结果,解调噪声由最高的—86.7 dB减小到—106 dB。实验进一步采用了光电负反馈方法来抑制弛豫噪声,在弛豫振荡峰处抑制噪声约25 dB,得到了约—100 dB的较为平坦的激光器噪声谱级,使得相位载波解调噪声达到—110 dB,基本满足了光纤水听器系统的要求。     

远程光纤水听器系统中传输光纤引入噪声的抑制

远程传输光纤受环境的影响会在水听器系统中引入噪声,利用迈克耳孙光纤干涉仪模拟光纤水听器,搭建了远程光纤水听器系统,采用参考干涉仪法解调对传输光纤引入的噪声进行抑制。实验结果表明,与常用的相位产生载波技术(PGC)解调相比,参考干涉仪法解调在不影响传感水听器对声信号检测能力的情况下,对传输光纤引入的扰动噪声能进行良好的抑制,频率为500 Hz噪声的抑制量可达到约25 d B,同时该方法使传感水听器系统中100 Hz位置的本底噪声也降低了17 d B。     

相位敏感光时域反射计的高频振动检测

相位敏感光时域反射计(φ-OTDR)可以有效地检测光纤的振动信息,但受传感光纤长度的限制,可检测的振动频率范围一般在几百赫兹到几千赫兹之间。为了提高振动检测范围,组建了基于外差相干检测的φ-OTDR系统,采用I/Q解调方法获得传感光纤散射光信号的相位信息,对此相位信息在空间域与时域上相继进行差分相位解调,从而实现对光纤中高频振动信号的分布式检测。理论上分析了高频振动检测方案的可行性,并在实验中有效解调出了频率为500 kHz的振动信号,传感距离达到了23 km。     

基于Lab VIEW的FBG传感解调技术的研究

结合虚拟仪器技术和光纤光栅传感技术,自行设计了一套光纤光栅传感解调系统.系统采用了基于迈克尔逊干涉技术的解调方法,将包含被测应变信息的光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)波长信号转变成相位信号,通过以Lab VIEW为核心的虚拟仪器系统检测相位的变化,从而得到被测应变的大小.该干涉解调系统避开了传统解调系统受电磁干扰和环境等方面的影响,因此使测量精度提高.虚拟仪器系统可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测,具有高分辨力、大测量范围的特点.     

分布反馈光纤激光水听器相位一致性的测试方法

在传统压电水听器相位一致性测试的基础上提出了分布反馈(DFB)光纤激光水听器相位一致性的测试方法,并搭建了测试系统.采用偏振无关的非平衡迈克尔逊干涉仪和归一化的相位载波(PGC)解调方案,解调出光纤激光水听器感受的水声信号,并与参考压电水听器作对比,使用高精度相位检测器将两信号转化为相位差信号:重复测量第二支光纤激光水...     

干涉型光纤水听器移频正交解调方法

干涉型光纤水听器将目标声压信号调制在激光相位上,需要进行相位解调才能恢复出目标声压信号。提出一种干涉型光纤水听器移频正交解调方法,采用移频与延时装置产生一个具有固定光频差的激光脉冲对,配合光纤水听器单元的两条干涉臂之间的特定程差,形成正交信号,同时利用干涉脉冲和参考脉冲的幅值比例关系,主要依靠简单的数学乘加运算即可实现相位解调。实测结果表明,本方法解调结果准确,抗光功率波动干扰能力强,本底噪声性能优异,可以满足光纤水听器的实际应用需求。     

基于相位载波调制解调技术的全保偏光纤水听器

报道了基于相位载波调制解调技术的全保偏光纤水听器研究结果.采用全保偏光纤干涉仪结构消除了偏振不稳定性,运用相位载波调制解调信号处理技术消除相位随机漂移引起的干涉信号衰落的影响,实现了对声信号的稳定检测和光纤水听器探头的全光纤化.实验测得在20～1 600 Hz频段,光纤水听器的相位灵敏度约为-162.5 dB,灵敏度的起伏为±0.7 dB,500 Hz单频点的灵敏度变化小于0.1 dB.     

压电陶瓷在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

光纤光栅(FBG)传感以其强大的优越性受到了社会的广泛关注,波长编码信号解调是实现光纤光栅多参量、多点分布式传感网络的关键技术.针对几种典型的光纤光栅解调方法做了简单介绍,重点分析了压电陶瓷在干涉解调系统中的调相测量作用.通过改变干涉系统的臂长差来产生一个动态的干涉信号,使干涉信号在时域上获得延伸,将包含被测传感信息的波长信号转变成相位信号;并用非平衡Mach-Zehnder干涉解调系统检测了应变信号,取得了较好的实验效果.实验测得系统的相位检测灵敏度为0.82 (° )/με,可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测.     

基于多尺度Wiener滤波器的分形噪声滤波

针对淹没在1/f噪声中的有用信号恢复问题,本文提出了一套基于双正交小波变换与Wiener滤波的多尺度滤波算法,并设计出多尺度Wiener滤波器.首先,利用双正交小波变换将带有1/f噪声的信号分解成多尺度的子带信号,通过小波变换对1/f噪声的白化作用,消除了1/f噪声的非平稳性、自相似性和长程相关性.其次,在小波域内,利用Wiener滤波,实现了噪声和有用信号的分离,估计出了各子带中的有用信号.最后,利用双正交小波的精确重构性,较好地恢复出淹没在1/f噪声中的有用信号.仿真实验表明,该滤波器能有效的抑制分形噪声,显著地提高信噪比.     

A transform domain SVD filter for suppression of muscle noise artefacts in exercise ECG's

The proposed filter assumes the noisy electrocardiography (ECG) to be modeled as a signal of deterministic nature, corrupted by additive muscle noise artefact. The muscle noise component is treated to be stationary with known second-order characteristics. Since noise-free ECG is shown to possess a narrow-band structure in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain and the second-order statistical properties of the additive noise component is preserved due to the orthogonality property of DCT, noise abatement is easily accomplished via subspace decomposition in the transform domain. The subspace decomposition is performed using singular value decomposition (SVD). The order of the transform domain SVD filter required to achieve the desired degree of noise abatement is compared to that of a suboptimal Wiener filter using DCT. Since the Wiener filter assumes both the signal and noise structures to be statistical, with a priori known second-order characteristics, it yields a biased estimate of the ECG beat as compared to the SVD filter for a given value of mean-square error (mse). The filter order required for performing the subspace smoothing is shown to exceed a certain minimal value for which the mse profile of the SVD filter follows the minimum-mean-quare error (mmse) performance warranted by the suboptimal Wiener filter. The effective filter order required for reproducing clinically significant features in the noisy ECG is then set by an upper bound derived by means of a finite precision linear perturbation model. A significant advantage resulting from the application of the proposed SVD filter lies in its ability to perform noise suppression independently on a single lead ECG record with only a limited number of data samples.     

光纤时频传递系统的中继技术分析

为开展长距离高精度时间频率传输系统研究,对多级光纤时间频率传递级联系统的时延抖动进行理论分析,得出级联系统总时延抖动的一般公式。在实验上实现了两级级联50km光纤时频传递系统的闭环锁定,分别通过测试单级系统和级联系统的鉴相误差电压得到其时延抖动。通过实验结果和理论计算比较,分析了主要实验误差来源;通过分析掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)放大自发辐射(ASE)产生的噪声对信噪比(SNR)的影响,系统频率稳定度由于信噪比的下降而产生劣化。     

位置敏感探测器的信号噪声自适应抑制方法

针对位置敏感探测器噪声来源及特点,提出了一种基于自适应FIR维纳滤波器的自适应抑制方法。该方法以维纳滤波器为数字滤波器,自适应地调整传输特性,提高PSD的信噪比,从而大幅提高了PSD应用系统的测量精度。     

两次一维维纳滤波信道估计的 一种噪声方差优化方法

 本文提出了一种基于OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)系统的两次一维(2×1-D)维纳滤波信道估计的噪声方差优化方法.对于2×1-D维纳滤波信道估计,维纳滤波将先后应用于频域维和时域维,而两次滤波时的噪声方差实际是不相同的,但现有的2×1-D维纳滤波信道估计方法没有考虑噪声的变化.本文首先分析出了第一次滤波后残余的噪声方差,并将其优化的结果应用于第二次滤波中,然后根据不同的优化准则对信道估计性能进行了评估.仿真结果表明,同未对噪声方差优化的信道估计方法相比,本方法具有更优的性能,且非常接近两维维纳(2-D)滤波方法.     

基于沃尔泰拉理论的集总光纤非线性噪声补偿

通过沃尔泰拉(Volterra)级数理论求得了非线性薛定谔方程(NLSE)的半解析解,在考虑光纤损耗、色散及非线性效应的情况下,推出了长距离在线级联掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)光纤通信系统中信号和自发辐射噪声(ASE)之间耦合串扰的半解析表达式,得到了多跨距传输接收端输出信号和发射端输入信号之间的关系式.根据维纳(Wiener)滤波理论的时域滤波原理,在多跨距传输系统接收端设计了对非线性乘性噪声有滤波作用的维纳滤波器,并对预集总色散补偿、后集总色散补偿、分布链路色散补偿系统及一对三"跨距成比例平移对称的色散非线性同步补偿系统进行了仿真模拟研究.结果表明了提出的设计思路及方法的可行性,为进一步提高传输距离增大入纤功率提供了新的思路.     

T2 restoration and noise suppression of hybrid MR images using Wiener and linear prediction techniques

The authors address the problem of enhancing hybrid magnetic resonance (MR) images degraded by T2 effects and additive measurement noise. To reduce imaging time, MR signals are acquired using hybrid imaging (HI) sequences such as rapid acquisition relaxation-enhanced (RARE) and fast spin-echo (FSE). With these techniques, T2 effects act as a distortion filter. This T2 filter affects the signal and results in image spatial resolution and/or contrast loss. Furthermore, the amplitude and phase discontinuities in the T2 filter frequency response function may generate serious ringing artifacts. These distortions will damage image quality and affect object detectability. The authors use the Wiener filter and linear prediction (LP) technique to process HI MR signals in the spatial frequency domain (K-space) and the hybrid domain, respectively. Based on the average amplitude symmetry constraint of the spin echo signal, the amplitude frequency response function of the T2 distortion filter can be estimated and used in the Wiener filter for a global T2 amplitude restoration. Then, the linear prediction technique is utilized to obtain the local signal amplitude and phase estimates around the discontinuities of the frequency response function of the T2 filter. These estimates are used to make local amplitude and phase corrections. The effectiveness of this combined technique in correcting T2 distortion and reducing the measurement noise is analyzed and demonstrated using experiments on both phantoms and human studies.     

一种基于Non-Local Means的地基差分干涉雷达相位滤波改进方法

地基差分干涉雷达相位图中,往往含有大量相位噪声,严重影响相位解缠和形变测量结果.有鉴于此,本文提出一种改进的自适应非局部均值(Non-Local Means)组合滤波算法.该算法首先利用相干系数构造出可自适应的平滑参数模型,有效改善了Non-Local Means算法在滤波参数选择上的固定性.其次,利用维纳滤波可对空变...     

Gaussian Noise Filtering from ECG by Wiener Filter and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a powerful algorithm that decomposes signals as a set of intrinsic mode function (IMF) based on the signal complexity. In this study, partial reconstruction of IMF acting as a filter was used for noise reduction in ECG. An improved algorithm, ensemble EMD (EEMD), was used for the first time to improve the noise-filtering performance, based on the mode-mixing reduction between near IMF scales. Both standard ECG templates derived from simulator and Arrhythmia ECG database were used as ECG signal, while Gaussian white noise was used as noise source. Mean square error (MSE) between the reconstructed ECG and original ECG was used as the filter performance indicator. FIR Wiener filter was also used to compare the filtering performance with EEMD. Experimental result showed that EEMD had better noise-filtering performance than EMD and FIR Wiener filter. The average MSE ratios of EEMD to EMD and FIR Wiener filter were 0.71 and 0.61, respectively. Thus, this study investigated an ECG noise-filtering procedure based on EEMD. Also, the optimal added noise power and trial number for EEMD was also examined.     

Multiscale Wiener filter for the restoration of fractal signals:wavelet filter bank approach

A filter bank design based on orthonormal wavelets and equipped with a multiscale Wiener filter is proposed in this paper for signal restoration of 1/f family of fractal signals which are distorted by the transmission channel and corrupted by external noise. First, the fractal signal transmission process is transformed via the analysis filter bank into multiscale convolution subsystems in time-scale domain based on orthonormal wavelets. Some nonstationary properties, e.g., self-similarity, long-term dependency of fractal signals are attenuated in each subband by wavelet multiresolution decomposition so that the Wiener filter bank can be applied to estimate the multiscale input signals. Then the estimated multiscale input signals are synthesized to obtain the estimated input signal. Some simulation examples are given for testing the performance of the proposed algorithm. With this multiscale analysis/synthesis design via the technique of the wavelet filter bank, the multiscale Wiener filter can be applied to treat the signal restoration problem for nonstationary 1/f fractal signals