稻壳制备活性炭的研究

比较了磷酸法和氯化锌法对稻壳活化的效果，研究了氯化锌法对稻壳和脱硅稻壳活化的工艺，探讨了料液比、活化液的浓度、活化温度和活化时间对活化效果的影响。结果表明，氯化锌法对稻壳活化的效果要优于磷酸法，稻壳和脱硅稻壳采用氯化锌法活化的最优条件相同：料液质量比1：2．5，活化液质量分数60％，活化时间60min，活化温度600℃。产品各项吸附性能指标均能符合国家要求。     

稻壳制备活性炭研究

该文比较磷酸法和氯化锌法对稻壳活化效果,研究氯化锌法对稻壳和脱硅稻壳活化工艺,探讨料液比、活化液浓度、活化温度和活化时间对活化效果影响。结果表明,氯化锌法对稻壳活化效果要优于磷酸法,稻壳和脱硅稻壳采用氯化锌法活化最优条件相同:料液比1∶2.5,活化液浓度60％,活化时间60 min,活化温度600℃,产品各项吸附性能指标均能符合国家要求。     

稻壳制备活性炭的研究

比较了磷酸法和氯化锌法对稻壳活化的效果,研究了氯化锌法对稻壳和脱硅稻壳活化的工艺,探讨了料液比、活化液的浓度、活化温度和活化时间对活化效果的影响。结果表明,氯化锌法对稻壳活化的效果要优于磷酸法,稻壳和脱硅稻壳采用氯化锌法活化的最优条件相同料液质量比1∶2.5,活化液质量分数60%,活化时间60min,活化温度600℃。产品各项吸附性能指标均能符合国家要求。     

稻壳制备活性炭的研究

比较了磷酸法和氯化锌法对稻壳活化的效果，研究了氯化锌法对稻壳和脱硅稻壳活化的工艺，探讨了料液比、活化液的浓度、活化温度和活化时间对活化效果的影响。     

稻壳制备活性炭的研究

比较了磷酸法和氯化锌法对稻壳活化的效果 ,研究了氯化锌法对稻壳和脱硅稻壳活化的工艺 ,探讨了料液比、活化液的浓度、活化温度和活化时间对活化效果的影响。     

氯化锌法制备油茶籽壳活性炭的研究

介绍了氯化锌法制备油茶籽壳活性炭的过程,并系统分析了活化温度、活化剂的浓度、活化时间、料液比等因素对活性炭脱色性能的影响。正交试验表明,用氯化锌法制备茶籽壳活性炭的最佳工艺为：料液比为1：3．0,活化液质量分数为50％,活化温度为420℃,活化时间为60min。     

氯化锌活化稻壳制备活性炭的研究

首先用氯化锌水溶液预浸渍稻壳,然后在马福炉中400～650℃下进一步炭化活化制取活性炭.研究结果表明:随着活化剂的浓度及添加量的增加,活性炭的碘吸附值和得率都有所增加;提高活化温度和延长活化时间有利于增加碘吸附值,而产品得率有所降低.此外,用体积分数为10%的盐酸洗涤活化样,回收氯化锌的同时降低灰分.     

玉米芯糠醛渣制备活性炭的研究

利用玉米芯糠醛渣制备活性炭,比较了磷酸、氯化锌及氢氧化钾作活性剂的试验结果。选择氯化锌作为活化剂,氯化锌活化玉米芯糠醛渣制备活性炭的较佳试验条件为:活化温度800℃、氯化锌溶液质量浓度200g/L、活化时间1h,活性炭的得率为27.81%,亚甲基蓝吸附值为15.0mL,脱色力与外购活性炭基本相当。     

响应面法优化新疆薄皮核桃壳活性炭制备技术的研究

以新疆薄皮核桃壳为原料,通过微波辅助活化技术,采用响应面法,进行了颗粒活性炭制备技术的优化,确定了微波法活化技术制备核桃壳活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:预处理后的核桃壳以53%氯化锌浸渍处理后用微波进行活化,微波火力中高火,辐射时间19min,料液比1:9,此时,活性炭的亚甲基蓝值可达11.36mL/0.1g.     

微波辐射在高品质杏核壳活性炭制备中的应用

以杏核为原料,以亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值为指标,研究氯化锌质量分数、微波功率、微波辐射时间在高品质杏核壳活性炭制备的影响,确定最佳的制备工艺为：活化温度600℃,活化时间90min,固液质量比为1：3,氯化锌质量分数为50％,微波功率为700W,微波辐射时间为7min。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.