HACCP食品安全体系在蟠桃果肉汁饮料生产中的应用

简要介绍了HACCP体系的主要原理和内容,着重介绍了HACCP体系在蟠桃果肉汁饮料加工中的应用,分析了蟠桃饮料加工中的危害问题和关键环节,确定了蟠桃汁饮料加工关键控制点,保证了产品的质量安全。     

HACCP在浓缩苹果清汁生产中的应用

本文运用HACCP原理对浓缩苹果清汁生产过程进行了危害分析及关键控制，确定了其关键控制点为：原料果和无菌包装材料的验收．原料果拣选、后巴氏杀菌和无菌灌装．通过对关键控制点的监控确保苹果清汁的质量。     

HACCP在无菌包装复原奶生产中的应用

探讨了危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)在无菌包装复原奶产品中的应用,对无菌包装复原奶生产过程中的各个工序中可能造成的危害进行物理、化学、生物等方面的分析,确定出CCP点及其控制界限、检测体系、纠偏措施等,将生产过程中危害降到最低,有效保证产品质量和安全。     

HACCP在浓缩苹果清汁生产中的应用

本文运用HACCP 原理对浓缩苹果清汁生产过程进行了危害分析及关键控制,确定了其关键控制点为:原料果和无菌包装材料的验收、原料果拣选、后巴氏杀菌和无菌灌装。通过对关键控制点的监控确保苹果清汁的质量。     

HACCP在米粉生产中的应用

为研究米粉生产过程中的质量控制，提高米粉的安全性。进行了米粉生产过程中的危害分析和关键控制点（HACCP）管理体系分析，对米粉生产而言，主要危害包括：生物性危害、化学性危害、物理性危害、品质危害。关键控制点包括：原料质量控制、大米浸泡、复蒸、烘干、分装。将HACCP应用于米粉的生产过程，是确保米粉安全性的有效措施。     

HACCP在核桃乳饮料生产中的应用

运用HACCP原理对核桃乳生产过程进行了危害分析（HA），确定关键控制点（CCP）为原料的验收及处理、去皮脱涩、调配、灭菌、无菌灌装，且制定相应控制限值，并通过建立HACCP计划表对关键控制点进行监控．确保核桃乳饮料的安全质量。     

无菌袋式大包装浓缩胡萝卜汁生产工艺及设备选型

本文通过对某厂年产量为2000吨的无菌袋式大包装浓缩胡萝卜汁生产线的设计分析 ,论述了无菌袋式浓缩胡萝卜汁的生产工艺和设备选型。无菌大包装浓缩胡萝卜汁的生产 ,可使胡萝卜原料在产区就地转化增值 ,见效快 ,效益好 ,是带动当地蔬菜种植 ,推动农村经济发展的理想生产项目。     

HACCP在蛋黄派生产质量控制中的应用

分析了蛋黄派生产过程中的关键工序，同时对容易导致蛋黄派质量问题的因素进行了危害分析，提出了蛋黄派生产过程中的质量关键控制点是原辅料的验收、浆料搅拌、烘焙、夹心料制作、包装等5个工序，并确定了相应的CCP临界值，在此基础上建立了如何进行HACCP质量控制的一系列措施。     

HACCP系统在肉类提取物生产中的应用

探讨了危害分析与关键点控制（HACCP）质量管理系统在肉类提取物生产中的应用。对肉类提取物生产过程各个环节可能造成的潜在危害进行物理、化学和生物分析，确定关键控制点、临界范围、监测体系、校正措施，将生产过程的危害因素降到最低限度，从而提高产品质量。     

HACCP在甜面酱生产中的应用

探讨危害分析与关键控制点HACCP体系在甜面酱生产中的应用。找出了甜面昔生产过程中影响卫生质量的关键控制点，进一步提高了甜面酱的卫生质量，延长其保质期限。     

Substrate and parasubstrate regulation of physiological processes at various levels of the organization of living systems as illustrated by examples of the regulation of appetite, of the specific dynamic action of food and of the inhibition of processes of absorption]

It was demonstrated that in the organism of higher animals the adaptation regulation of food uptake and nutrient absorption and transport comprises, in addition to the classic mechanisms of substrate regulation, specialized non-substrate and parasubstrate mechanisms which control the uptake of food and other substrates at all three levels (organosystemic, organic and cellular). As to the organosystemic level, it was observed in duodenectomized rats that appetite inhibition is produced not only by a stimulation of the receptors and by an increase in the concentration of the food substrates and of the metabolites in the blood, but also by one of the intestinal appetite-inhibiting hormones, arenterin. As to the organic level, it was evidenced that the enzymatic and transport functions of the small intestine and the numerical composition of the enterocyte population in the different segments are determined by the substrate load on the respective areas of the small intestine as well as by the blood and chyme-mediated intersegmental reactions in the small intestine. As to the tissular and cellular levels, the possibility of a regulation of the enzymatic and transport systems of the microvilli by means of substrates contained in the mucous membrane of the small intestine and endogenous substances (permein and antipermein) was evinced.     

葵花籽油中酸价测量结果的不确定度评价

目的 分析食用油中酸价测定的不确定度来源并建立不确定度评定方法, 为检验数据的可靠性和准确性提供参考。方法 依据GB 5009.229-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定》和JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立数学模型, 计算各变量的不确定度, 最终计算扩展不确定度。结果 结果显示, 样品中酸价的扩展不确定度为U=1.764×10?3 mg/g, 样品中酸价含量为(0.16±0.002) mg/g(置信水平95%, 包含因子k=2)。结论 在测定过程中, 测量重复性对总的不确定度影响最大, 其次是滴定管的体积。     

Quantification of skin penetration of antioxidants of varying lipophilicity

Antioxidants play a vital role in protecting the skin from environmental distress. As the skin is constantly exposed to harmful UV radiation, endogenous antioxidants present in the superficial layers of the skin neutralize reactive oxygen species. Over time, antioxidants become depleted and loss their protective effect on the skin. Therefore, supplementing skin with topical antioxidant can help replenish this loss and fight the oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to deliver antioxidants topically and quantify the amount permeated in the stratum corneum and underlying skin. Polyphenols (catechin, resveratrol and curcumin) and vitamin (retinol) with various lipophilic properties were delivered via porcine ear skin, using propylene glycol as a vehicle. The amount in the stratum corneum and underlying skin was quantified using tape stripping and skin extraction methods, respectively, and samples were analysed via HPLC. All four antioxidants permeated into the skin from the propylene glycol vehicle. The order of the amount of antioxidant in the stratum corneum was catechin > resveratrol~ retinol> curcumin, whereas that in the underlying skin was retinol > catechin~ resveratrol~ curcumin. Of the total amount of polyphenols in the skin, approximately 90% was retained in the stratum corneum whereas 10% was quantified in the underlying skin. In contrast, 10% of retinol was retained in the stratum corneum whereas 90% permeated in the underlying skin. Polyphenols (catechin, resveratrol and curcumin) showed high concentration in the stratum corneum whereas retinol showed high accumulation in the underlying layers of the skin.     

The prevalence of hypotrophy with children's of Khatlon region of Republic of Tajikistan

Random sampling, performed in 16-26 November 2004 in Khatlon region of Republic of Tadjikistan, revealed the prevalence of malnutrition (assessed by the presence of hypotrophy) among children aged from 6 months till 5 years old. The results of the research revealed that the prevalence of acute form of malnutrition in children of the above mentioned age, was on average 10,5% in 2004, what was rather lower than in 2001 and higher than in 2002 and 2003. The prevalence of chronic form of malnutrition in children of the same age was 35,1% un 2004, what was lower than in 2001-2003.     

加工方式对两种贝类中8种重金属元素生物可及性的影响

目的 本研究分析了水煮和烘烤两种加工方式对贝类元素生物可及性的影响。方法 采用体外模拟消化试验,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析了牡蛎和扇贝体内8种元素(Pb、As、Cd、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Hg）的生物可及性和浓度的变化。结果 两种贝类元素含量的趋势大体一致,从高到低依次为锌＞铁＞铜＞镉＞砷＞铅＞汞。两种贝类中生物可及性最高的是牡蛎中的砷元素,为98.4%。生物可及性最低的是扇贝中的铁元素,为3.4%。经过不同的加工方式处理后,能显著提高两种贝类锰元素的生物可及性,但是能显著降低牡蛎中铜、砷、铅元素的生物可及性。加热处理后扇贝中砷和镉元素的生物可及性增加。相较于蒸煮的加热方式,烘烤的加工方式对贝类元素生物可及性的影响更大。结论 贝类元素生物可及性不仅与元素种类、载体、加工方式相关,也与其他元素浓度相关。     

黄酮类化合物的应用研究进展

自然界的多种植物中均有黄酮类化合物的存在,其具备多种生理活性和药用价值,受到研究者的广泛关注。近年来,黄酮类物质被大量应用在新型药品的研制、食品及化妆品工业中,在疾病的预防和治疗、食品保藏、天然化妆品开发等领域发挥了愈加重要的作用,特别是在作为天然食品添加剂的应用中,黄酮类化合物不仅起到了延长食品贮藏期、为食品提供自然温和的色泽、香气等作用,还能使食品摆脱人工合成添加剂的毒性等弊端,提高食品的安全性和保健价值。本文综述了黄酮类化合物的分类及主要食物来源,及其在医药、食品、化妆品工业中的应用,为添加黄酮类物质的新型药品、食品添加剂、保健品、护肤品的开发提供理论支持,为黄酮类化合物的综合利用提供依据。     

Studies of bioavailability of different food sources of selenium in experiment

The selenium bioavailability in selenium enriched Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), phycocyanin containing (Se-PC) protein isolate, separated from this micro algae and in sodium selenite was studied and compared in rats. The daily dose of selenium per one animal was 5 microgram in all experimental groups. The average selenium levels in blood serum and liver of animals that received sodium selenite during 14 days were the highest. The average selenium level in blood serum of animals fed with selenium enriched Spirulina platensis after 14 days of receiving was the same with the control group, but the average concentration of selenium in their liver was rather high and close to this parameter of sodium selenite animal group. The animals which were fed with Se-PC showed better results. Their average selenium level in blood serum was higher than in Spirulina group, but lower than in sodium selenite group. The average concentration of selenium in the liver of these animals was the same with sodium selenite animal group. As regards to animals that were fed with selenium enriched Spirulina, Se-PC and sodium selenite for 21 days, the average selenium levels ratio in their blood serum and liver was higher than in control group, but these results were not significantly different among each other. The concentrations of selenium in seminal glands in all groups of animals including control group both after 14 and 21 days feeding were close to each other.     

麦胚对小鼠自由基损伤的保护作用

目的研究含一定量的麦胚食物对小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、组织及血清中脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量和血清肌红蛋白(Mb)含量的影响,探讨其清除机体自由基、提高免疫力、延缓衰老等方面的效果。方法通过测定负重小鼠游泳前后血清和组织中LPO含量、血清Mb含量、血清SOD活力的变化,观察麦胚对其影响。结果小鼠血清中SOD活力显著上升(P<0.01);LPO含量显著下降(P<0.01);Mb含量显著下降(P<0.01)。结论 麦胚对自由基损伤具有保护作用。     

Identification of bioactive compounds and comparison of apoptosis induction of three varieties of sugarcane leaves

This study identified bioactive compounds and systematically compared apoptosis induction of water extracts of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarim L.) leaves among three varieties, including 28NG256, wild type and ROC10, using hepatoma HepG2 cell line. 28NG256 showed the highest levels of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannin, ascorbic acid, and chlorogenic acid among the three varieties. Especially, 28NG256 contained a high level of caffeic acid, which was not detectable in other varieties. The cell proliferation was inhibited by 67.29%, 55.01% and 21.38% for 28NG-256, wild type and ROC10 at 1500 μg/ml, respectively, compared to the untreated cells. The apoptosis induced by the extracts was associated with the attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potentials (Δψ_m), increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and induction of caspase-3 activation. Of the three varieties, 28NG256 displayed the highest induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells and the highest increase of ROS generation, suggesting that ROS play a key role in the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Based on HPLC analysis, caffeic, chlorogenic, and hydroxybenzoic acids were present in 28NG256, which may be, in part, responsible for the effect on HepG2 cell proliferation. Overall, among three varieties, 28NG256 appeared to exert the most potent inhibitory effects on the growth of HepG2 cells.     

Determination of aflatoxins in by-products of industrial processing of cocoa beans

This study has examined the occurrence of aflatoxins in 168 samples of different fractions obtained during the processing of cocoa in manufacturing plants (shell, nibs, mass, butter, cake and powder) using an optimised methodology for cocoa by-products. The method validation was based on selectivity, linearity, limit of detection and recovery. The method was shown to be adequate for use in quantifying the contamination of cocoa by aflatoxins B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2). Furthermore, the method was easier to use than other methods available in the literature. For aflatoxin extraction from cocoa samples, a methanol-water solution was used, and then immunoaffinity columns were employed for clean-up before the determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. A survey demonstrated a widespread occurrence of aflatoxins in cocoa by-products, although in general the levels of aflatoxins present in the fractions from industrial processing of cocoa were low. A maximum aflatoxin contamination of 13.3 ng g(-1) was found in a nib sample. The lowest contamination levels were found in cocoa butter. Continued monitoring of aflatoxins in cocoa by-products is nevertheless necessary because these toxins have a high toxicity to humans and cocoa is widely consumed by children through cocoa-containing products, like candies.