多媒体数据压缩标准化的现状与发展

信息化社会一个重要问题是“信息爆炸”,解决“信息爆炸”的方法之一是数据压缩编码技术,随着数据压缩编码技术的发展和广泛应用,许多国际组织制定了应用于不同领域的数据压缩标准。该文介绍了由国际标准化组织(ISO)和国际电信联盟(ITU)制定的视频数据压缩编码的各种国际标准及这些标准在其相应领域的应用,并指出了分析和研究一种新的国际标准的重要性。     

基于MapReduce的轨迹压缩并行化方法

带有全球定位系统（GPS）功能设备的增多,产生大量的时空轨迹数据,给数据的存储、传输和处理带来了沉重的负担。为了减轻这种负担,各种轨迹压缩方法也随之产生。提出了一种基于MapReduce的并行化轨迹压缩方法,针对并行化导致的分段点前后轨迹的相关性被破坏的问题,首先,采用两种分段点相互交错的划分方法划分轨迹;然后,将分段轨迹分配到多个节点上进行并行化压缩;最后,对压缩结果进行匹配合并。性能测试分析结果表明,所提出的并行化轨迹压缩方法能够大幅提高压缩效率,而且能完全消除因分段导致分段点前后相关性被破坏带来的误差。     

RLV自主着陆航迹设计与控制研究

研究了重复使用运载器(RLV)自主着陆陡下滑捕获-陡下滑-圆弧拉起-指数拉平模式航迹生成算法设计;为解决不同着陆段航迹控制指令跳变问题,提出了航迹指令自适应平滑算法;以捕获点法向过载跳变最小为指标研究了三次多项式陡下滑捕获点的优化方法;给出了完整的在线航迹生成算法;基于法向过载的开环加闭环复合控制指令跟踪方案,使用simulink进行数值仿真,结果显示文章提出的航迹生成算法可以自动生成有效航迹,控制方法可以保证航迹平滑过渡且对初始扰动具有良好的鲁棒性,从而验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于精细可扩展编码的多视角视频编码研究

多视角视频几倍于目前普通视频的数据量,如果不采用有效的压缩编码技术,其有效的传输和存储将是不可能的,也成为制约多视角视频广泛应用的瓶颈．因此,进行高性能多视角视频编码技术的研究是十分必要的．尤其是随着网络的发展,能提供交互的多视角视频技术越来越受到关注．如何有效地通过网络传输多视角视频信号的问题显得更加重要．针对这一问题,采用精细可扩展编码(FGS)的思想设计了多视角视频编码器．实验表明,方案在保证了高编码效率的同时能较好地解决多视角视频的网络传输问题．     

自适应图像分块压缩算法的实现和性能分析

自适应图像分块压缩算法是一种根据区域特征自动调整DCT变换尺寸提高编码效率的图像编码方法,该文提出了这种算法的快速实现方法,分析了这种编码方法的算法复杂度和编码效率,并用标准图像进行了测试。     

Search-order coding method with indicator-elimination property

Vector quantization (VQ) is a widely used technique for many applications especially for lossy image compression. Since VQ significantly reduces the size of a digital image, it can save the costs of storage space and image delivery. Search-order coding (SOC) was proposed for improving the performance of VQ in terms of compression rate. However, SOC requires extra data (i.e. indicators) to indicate source of codewords so the compression rate may be affected. To overcome such a drawback, in this paper, a search-order coding with the indicator-elimination property was proposed by using a technique of reversible data hiding. The proposed method is the first one using such a concept of data hiding to achieve a better compression rate of SOC. From experimental results, the performance of the SOC method can be successfully improved by the proposed indicator eliminated search-order coding method in terms of compression rate. In addition, compared with other relevant schemes, the proposed method is also more flexible than some existing schemes.     

基于确定模式的伪单跳变测试矢量生成技术

提出了一种基于确定模式的伪单跳变测试矢量生成方法,它是在折叠计数器确定模式的基础上,采用LFSR编码折叠计数器种子,通过选定的存储折叠距离来控制测试模式,使得产生的测试矢量之间实现伪单跳变。由于是在确定模式基础上进行的研究,没有改变原来的测试矢量,所以故障覆盖率不会改变,却大大降低了测试功耗。这样既保证了高故障覆盖率,又解决了不同种子所生成的测试矢量之间的重叠冗余。研究结果不仅表明该方案具有很好的数据压缩率,而且证明了该方案的有效性。     

基于交替-连续长度码的测试数据编码方法

为了减少测试数据量,提出基于交替-连续长度码的测试数据编码方法。采用变长-变长的编码方式,直接编码测试集中连续-交替的长度码。实验结果表明,该方法的解压结构是一个简单的有限状态机,所需额外硬件开销小,与同类型的编码方法相比,具有更高的测试数据压缩率。     

Automatic generation of basis test paths using variable length genetic algorithm

Path testing is the strongest coverage criterion in white box testing. Finding target paths is a key challenge in path testing. Genetic algorithms have been successfully used in many software testing activities such as generating test data, selecting test cases and test cases prioritization. In this paper, we introduce a new genetic algorithm for generating test paths. In this algorithm the length of the chromosome varies from iteration to another according to the change in the length of the path. Based on the proposed algorithm, we present a new technique for automatically generating a set of basis test paths which can be used as testing paths in any path testing method. The proposed technique uses a method to verify the independency of the generated paths to be included in the basis set of paths. In addition, this technique employs a method for checking the feasibility of the generated paths. We introduce new definitions for the key concepts of genetic algorithm such as chromosome representation, crossover, mutation, and fitness function to be compatible with path generation. In addition, we present a case study to show the efficiency of our technique. We conducted a set of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed path generation technique. The results showed that the proposed technique causes substantial reduction in path generation effort, and that the proposed GA algorithm is effective in test path generation.     

基于小波变换的声呐图像压缩方法

提出了一种新的基于小波变换的声呐图像压缩方法：对于小波变换后的系数采用基于零块的编码，充分挖掘小波系数能量集中的特点；在熵编码时使用上下文量化技术来减少上下文个数以提高编码效率。实验结果表明，使用本文的算法压缩声呐图像能够得到较高的压缩比和较好的图像质量。     

第二代小波变换应用于图象的无损压缩编码

第二代小波变换构造方法的特点是：①继承了第一代小波变换的多分辨率特性：②不依赖傅立叶变换;③小波变换后的系数是整数;④图象的恢复质量与变换时边界采用何种延拓方式无关,利用了“整数经过第二代小波变换后的系数仍为整数”的特性,将第二代小波变换用于图象的无损压缩编码,并和Ｈｕｆｆｍａｎ编码、第一代小波变换压缩编码进行了比较,从比较结果来看,在能够无损重建图象的同时,第二代小波变换的压缩比要高于Ｈｊｆｆｍ     

A look-ahead command generator with control over trajectory and chord error for NURBS curve with unknown arc length

There are currently no analytical methods available which determine the exact arc length for NURBS curves and for this reason, a smooth feedrate profile with desired trajectory cannot be achieved. Numerical methods used to calculate the arc length are time-consuming processes which make generating a feedrate profile with desired accelerations difficult in real-time. This paper introduces a look-ahead trajectory generation method which determines the deceleration stage according to the fast estimated arc length and the reverse interpolation of each curve at every sampling time. This results in a feedrate trajectory generation with jerk-limited acceleration profiles for the NURBS curves. The feedrate profile is adjusted dynamically according to the geometrical path constraint determined by chord error for the curved path. A NURBS curve by two different kinematics conditions was used as a means to test the feasibility of the developed interpolation scheme and command generator.     

针对扫描阻塞结构的测试数据压缩方案*

分析了集成电路测试面临的测试数据量大、测试应用时间长等问题,对常用的测试压缩方法进行了介绍,并在扫描阻塞测试结构基础上,提出了对数据进行部分编码压缩的方案。在附加硬件开销很小的情况下,进一步压缩了测试数据。理论分析和实验结果都表明了本压缩方案的可行性和有效性。     

可伸缩视频码流的熵编码组合优化方法

分析可伸缩视频编码系统中由嵌入式零树编码生成的码流特征,提出一种利用最优预测估计思想将算术编码和游程编码相结合,实现熵编码优化的新方法。实验结果表明,该方法比传统自适应算术编码的效率提高了10%左右,达到了进一步压缩数据的目的。     

An effective method for still image compression/decompression for transmission on PSTN lines based on modifications of Huffman coding

This paper presents an effective compression method suitable for transmission the still images on public switching telephone networks (PSTN). Since compression algorithm reduce the number of pixels or the gray levels of a source picture, therefore this will lead to the reduction of the amount of memory needed to store the source information or the time necessary for transmitting by a channel with a limited bandwidth. First, we introduced some current standards and finally the lossy DCT-based JPEG compression method is chosen. According to our studies, this method is one of the suitable methods. However, it is not directly applicable for image transmission on usual telephone lines (PSTN). Therefore, it must be modified considerably to be suitable for our purposes. From Shannon’s Information Theory, we know that for a given information source like an image there is a coding technique which permits a source to be coded with an average code length as close as to the entropy of the source as desired. So, we have modified the Huffman coding technique and obtained a new optimized version of this coding, which has a high speed and is easily implemented. Then, we have applied the DCT¹ and the FDCT² for compression of the data. We have analyzed and written the programs in C++ for image compression/decompression, which give a very high compression ratio (50:1 or more) with an excellent SNR.³In this paper, we present the necessary modifications on Huffman coding algorithms and the results of simulations on typical images.     

基于JPEG2000的地震数据准无损压缩

在实验基础上,针对地震信号的特性,基于JPEG2000标准文章提出了一套新的地震数据压缩混和编码方案,该方案不仅取得了较大的压缩率,而且大大提高了网络传输、实时处理方面的性能。     

基于自适应分块的快速分形图象压缩

对Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ的自适应分块分形压缩方法进行了改进，提出了基于相对矩的三级分类方法和多分辨率相似匹配方法，并以此为基础实现了一种新的基于四叉树分块的分形编码算法。实验表明，在压缩比大致相同、信噪比略高的情况下，新算法的编码速度有明显提高。     

一种面向微处理器验证的分层随机激励方法*

针对日趋复杂的微处理器功能验证,提出一种基于分层思想的受限随机激励产生方法,通过测试层、场景层、功能层和指令层的多层约束,实现随机激励在不同粒度范围的高度可控性,精炼测试空间,加快验证的收敛速度。采用可配置的功能库,将处理器功能行为单元作为随机激励的构建基础,产生逻辑功能与通信接口结合的随机激励,实现系列处理器的验证复用。CKCore处理器验证的实验结果表明,该方法与受限随机激励相比,在功能覆盖率相同的情况下,激励编写量减少60%;在仿真时间相同的情况下,功能和代码覆盖率分别改善10%和5%以上,有效提高处理器验证的质量和效率。     

基于PROFINET和VXI总线的1.2m风洞测控系统设计与实现

针对1.2m风洞测控系统存在的不足,对其测控系统进行了重新设计。本文阐述了该测控系统设计方案,主要是基于PLC及总线技术设计新的系统,采用PROFINET通讯和VXI系统搭建整个风洞测控系统。形成基于现场总线、功能分散、指挥集中的开放式集散系统。详细介绍了项目的实施情况和关键技术,说明了调试及应用情况,最后给出了主要结论。结果表明：新的测控系统,不仅提高了1.2m风洞试验自动化水平,而且提高了风洞安全性和运行效率,风洞试验能力得到整体提升。     

一种基于JPEG2000的医学图像感兴趣区域编码技术

感兴趣区域编码是静态图像压缩标准JPEG2000支持的一种非常重要的功能,该标准提供了两种感兴趣区域编码的方法,这两种方法用于医学图像的处理却存在不同的不足之处。该文结合这两种编码方法各自的优点,提出了一种分步位移的处理方法,该方法不仅支持多个感兴趣区域的编码,而且还能自由调整感兴趣区与背景区图像的压缩质量。实验结果表明,医学图像的压缩性能得到了明显的改善。