铌锌酸铅基电陶瓷的热膨胀行为

通过对铌锌酸铅基铁电陶瓷（０．９－ｘ）ＰＺＮ－０．１ＢＴ－ｘＰＴ，（ｘ＝．０５１，０．１５）在０－４５０℃热膨胀行为的详细测量，结合其相应温度范围内的介电温谱，发现一个弱的一级相变过程，进而探讨了复合钙钛矿结构弛豫型铁电体中局域极化的转变特性。     

电流控制LPE生长In_（1－x）Ga_xAs_yP_（1－Y）

用电流控制液相外延（ＣＣＬＰＥ）方法首次在（１００）ＩｎＰ衬底上成功地生长出Ｉｎ１－ｘＧａｘＡｓｙＰ１－ｙ（０．３０＜ｘ＜０．４７，０．７０＜ｙ＜０．９６）外延层，并对外延层特性进行了详细研究，提出在ＩｎＰ衬底上生长电外延层的机理，推导出生长动力学的理论模型，该模型与上述实验结果十分吻合。     

Zn1—xMgxSe外延半导体合金薄膜的红外反射光谱研究

用分子束外延方法在ＧａＡｓ（１００）衬底上生长了Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｇｘＳｅ（０≤ｘ≤１）三元半导体合金薄膜．在室温下测量了这些样品的红外反射光谱．采用介电函数的经典色散理论，并且考虑衬底的影响后，计算了样品的红外反射光谱并与测量结果作了比较．我们发现对于ｘ＜０．２，０．２＜ｘ＜０．５和ｘ≥０．５三种不同情形，反射光谱表现出不同的结构．     

三元合金（GaSb）1—xGe2x,（InP）1—xGe2x的亚稳有序无序相变以及相变…

根据普适参数紧束缚方法得到的最近邻对原子相互作用能以及改进的Ｋｉｋｕｃｈｉ近似，我们计算了合金（ＧａＳｂ）１－ｘＧｅ２ｘ，（ＩｎＰ）１－ｘＧｅ２ｘ的亚稳相图，在计算亚稳相图时，Ｇｅ原子取为无序分布以消除相分离，对于亚稳合金（ＧａＳｂ）１－ｘＧｅ２ｘ，相应于亚稳有序无序相转变点的临界转变浓度Ｘ０为０．２６，对于亚稳合金（ＩｎＰ）１－ｘＧｅｘ，ｘ０为０．１６，计算机值及实验值符合较好，根据关联虚晶近似     

Au／Sn与p—HgCdTe的欧姆接触

研究了双层金属结构Ａｕ／Ｓｎ与ｐ－ＨｇＣｄＴｅ上的接触电阻，实验测得Ａｕ／Ｓｎ与ｐ－Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄＴｅ（ｘ＝０．２１７，０．４１）的经接触电阻，ρｃ（２９５Ｋ，７７Ｋ）为１０＾－２～１０＾４Ω．ｃｍ＾２将这种电板接触应用于Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ（ｘ＝０．２３）光伏器件，测得ｐｎ结Ｉ－Ｖ特性的正向斜率为１２．６Ω即电极接触电阻小于１２．６Ω。     

As~＋注入Si_（1－x）Ge_x的快速退火行为

用二次离子质谱对Ａｓ＋注入Ｓｉ（１－ｘ）Ｇｅｘ的快速退火行为进行了研究．Ｓｉ（１－ｘ）Ｇｅｘ样品中Ｇｅ组分分别为ｘ＝０．０９，０．２７和０．４３．Ａｓ＋注入剂量为２×１０（１６）ｃｍ（－２），注入能量为１００ｋｅＶ．快速退火温度分别为９５０℃和１０５０℃，时间均为１８秒．实验结果表明，Ｓｉ（１－ｘ）Ｇｅｘ中Ａｓ的扩散与Ｇｅ组分密切相关，Ｇｅ组分越大，Ａｓ扩散越快．对于Ｇｅ组分较大的Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ样品，Ａｓ浓度分布呈现“盒形”（ｂｏｘ－ｓｈａｐｅｄ），表明扩散与Ａｓ浓度有关．Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ样品中Ａｓ的快     

MCT晶体退火压力——温度关系及其分析

采用热重法组分不同（ｘ＝０．１５～０．２５，ｙ＝０．５０～０．５４）的（Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘ）１－ｙＴｅｙ晶体ｓ－ｇ平衡体系进行了Ｐ－Ｔ关系测量（Ｔ〈５６０℃，Ｐ＝２～７６ｋＰａ）；发现ｘ值不同的样品对Ｐ－Ｔ的影响不明显；ｙ值偏离（ｙ≥０．５０４）的样品在４２０±５℃有ＰＨｇ降，并对此进行了分析，提出了利用此现象可以减少ＭＣＴ晶体中的富Ｔｅ量和改善Ｔｅ组分均匀性；补充了５１ｋＰａ以下的Ｐ－Ｔ数据，通过     

三元合金 （GaSb）_（1－x）Ge_（2x），（IuP）_（1－x）Ge_（2x） 的亚稳有序无序相变以及相变对于能隙的影响

根据普适参数紧束缚方法得到的最近邻对原子相互作用能以及改进的Ｋｉｋｕｃｈｉ近似，我们计算了合金（Ｇａｓｈ）１－ｘＧｅ２ｘ，（ＩｎＰ）１－ｘＧｅ２ｘ的亚稳相图．在计算亚稳相图时，Ｇｅ原子取为无序分布以消除相分离．对于亚稳合金（Ｇａｓｈ）１－ｘＧｅ２ｘ，相应于亚稳有序无序相转变点的临界转变浓度ｘｃ为０．２６，对于亚稳合金（ＩｎＰ）１－ｘＧｅ２ｘ，ｘｃ为０．６１．计算值与实验值符合较好．根据关联虚晶格近似我们还计算了合金的能隙．     

超晶格（GeXSi1—x）1／（Si）m（001）的电子能带结构

采用紧束缚的重整化方法计算了超晶格（ＧｅｘＳｉ１－ｘ）１／（Ｓｉ）ｍ（００１）的基本带隙及其导带底在布里渊区中的位置在ｘ＝０．０１～０．１范围内随ｘ的变化情况以及当Ｘ＝０．０１时随硅层层数ｍ的变化情况。计算结果表明，在Ｘ＝０．０１～０．１范围内，Ｘ对导带底位置基本上没有影响，导带底位置主要由硅层层数ｍ决定，并可根据布里渊区折叠计算得到。由此提出，可以制成类似于（ＧｅｘＳｉ１－ｘ）１／（Ｓｉ）ｍ（０     

Ge_(0.1)Si_(0.9)/Si近红外探测器的结构设计与试验

设计了一种新结构的Ｇｅ_ｘＳｉ_（１－ｘ）／Ｓｉ近红外探测器，它是在ｐ－Ｓｉ衬底上分子束外延生长２μｍ厚的Ｇｅ_（０．１）Ｓｉ_（０．９）本征层，再在其表面离子注入形成一薄层ｎ＋层，腐蚀成台面后，构成Ｇｅ_（０．１）Ｓｉ_（０．９）／Ｓｉｐ－ｉ－ｎ型的近红外探测器。试验表明，它具有良好的Ｉ－Ｖ特性和光电特性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.