三嗪阻燃剂的合成及阻燃ABS研究

合成了一种含溴、氮的三嗪阻燃剂——2，4，6-三(2，4，6-三溴苯氧基)-1，3，5-三嗪，利用FTIR、NMR和TG对其结构和热分解行为进行了表征，研究了在三氧化锑协效剂的存在下，本阻燃剂和十溴二苯醚对ABS阻燃和力学性能的影响。结果表明，该三嗪阻燃剂的合成产率为99．4％，具有优良的热稳定性，用其阻燃的ABS的阻燃性能和力学性能都优于十溴二苯醚。在该阻燃体系中，低的Sb／Br比有利于提高ABS的阻燃性，氮、溴表现出协同阻燃作用。     

哌嗪基和乙二胺基三嗪成炭剂合成及性能比较

通过合成产率及阻燃性能测试对哌嗪基和乙二胺基三嗪成炭剂的合成及性能进行了比较研究。结果表明:和哌嗪基成炭剂相比,乙二胺基成炭剂的水溶性较大,氯质量分数较高,产率较低;哌嗪基成炭剂的热稳定性和阻燃效果好于乙二胺基成炭剂的。当哌嗪基成炭剂与聚磷酸铵(APP)复配的膨胀型阻燃剂质量分数为28%时,聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃级别可通过V-0级;而乙二胺基成炭剂与APP复配的膨胀型阻燃剂质量分数为28%时,阻燃PP燃烧过程中有滴落,其阻燃级别仅达到V-1级。     

阻燃材料中成炭剂的研究进展

介绍了膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)的组成及阻燃机理,综述了用于膨胀体系的成炭剂的研究进展,包括传统成炭剂、新型三嗪成炭剂等在聚合物膨胀阻燃中达到的阻燃效果,指出了三嗪成炭剂存在的缺点,并对三嗪成炭剂未来的发展趋势进行展望。     

新型聚酰胺成炭剂的制备及其对ABS的阻燃效应

用对苯二甲酰氯和1,3-丙二胺通过界面缩聚合成了一种新型聚酰胺成炭剂(PPTA),研究了有机溶剂种类、单体摩尔比以及反应时间对其比浓黏度的影响,确定了最佳合成工艺,采用傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和热失重分析等方法对产物的结构进行了表征。并探讨了以PPTA为碳源,聚磷酸铵(APP)为酸源的膨胀型阻燃体系对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)的阻燃效应。结果表明,PPTA可显著提高ABS/APP复合材料在高温下的残炭量和阻燃性能,当PPTA的添加量为7.5%(质量分数,下同),APP的添加量为22.5%时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到最大值32.4%,并且通过垂直燃烧UL 94的V-0级;炭层结构的微观形貌显示成炭剂PPTA的加入能促进阻燃体系在燃烧后表面形成均匀、致密的炭层结构。     

聚磷酸铵/三嗪成炭剂/碳纳米管复配体系对聚丙烯阻燃性的影响

以三聚氯氰和4,4’-二氨基二苯砜为原料制备了新型的三嗪类成炭剂(CA-DDS),并将与聚磷酸铵(APP)复配后用于阻燃聚丙烯(PP)。研究了不同配比的APP/CA-DDS阻燃体系对PP热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响,并进而对比了少量碳纳米管的引入对APP/CA-DDS阻燃体系的提高作用。结果表明:所合成的三嗪类成炭剂CA-DDS具有良好的热稳定性和成炭性能,与APP复配使用可以促进PP成炭,有效地提高PP的阻燃性能,热释放速率峰值由1 046 kW/m2降低至660 kW/m2。在APP/CA-DDS总质量分数为25%,二者质量配比为2∶1的基础上添加质量分数1%的碳纳米管后,可进一步提高PP的阻燃性能,热释放速率峰值降低至352 kW/m2。     

线型酚醛与微胶囊红磷阻燃ABS的研究

采用线型酚醛(Novolac)与微胶囊红磷(MRP)复配阻燃,制备了无卤阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)复合材料。研究了Novolac/MRP质量比和用量对阻燃ABS性能的影响。研究结果表明:Novolac/MRP的质量比为3/2,总量为15%(质量分数)时,可以制备极限氧指数(LOI)为26.7%,垂直燃烧(UL94)V-0级的无卤阻燃ABS;Novolac的酚羟基与MRP燃烧产生的聚磷酸在高温下发生的脱水成炭反应减缓了ABS的分解;SEM炭层形貌分析表明:Novolac/MRP复合阻燃ABS材料燃烧表面形成了平整、致密的炭层,该炭层能够有效地隔绝燃烧过程所产生的易燃气体及热量,起到较好的阻燃效果。     

不同取代结构的三嗪成炭剂在聚乳酸材料中燃烧性能的研究

以乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、吗啡啉为侧基分别取代三聚氯氰制备出三种不同侧链结构的三嗪成炭剂CFA-e、CFA-d、CFA-m,将其和次磷酸铝(AHP)按照质量比1︰2复配成无卤阻燃剂,通过氧指数仪、燃烧级数测定仪、锥形量热仪、热重-红外联用仪研究不同结构的三嗪成炭剂在聚乳酸(PLA)材料中的阻燃和燃烧性能,揭示结构与性能的关联...     

不同粒径EG阻燃ABS体系燃烧性能和阻燃机理

采用不同粒径可膨胀石墨(EG)作为阻燃剂,添加量为20%,制备了阻燃ABS;研究EG粒径对ABS燃烧性能的影响,并通过CONE、TG对阻燃机理进行研究.结果表明:EG对ABS具有很好的阻燃作用,EG粒径越大.膨胀体积(EV)越大,阻燃效果越好,EG粒径大于48μm时就可有效抑制火焰传播;EG膨胀炭层具有良好耐热性,可保护ABS成炭产物,增加ABS成炭量,EG阻燃ABS具有典型的凝聚相阻燃特征.     

PP/IFR/水滑石阻燃复合材料的研究

通过极限氧指数(LOI)测定、垂直燃烧试验和锥型量热分析,研究了结晶性聚磷酸铵(APP)和三嗪成炭剂组成的膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)对聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃作用,并考察了复合水滑石和对IFR的表面处理对阻燃PP的阻燃性能、热稳定性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:该IFR对PP具有良好的阻燃作用,当APP与三嗪成炭的质量比为3∶1,IFR质量分数为20%时,阻燃PP的LOI就达28.0%,阻燃等级达V-0,复合少量水滑石并对IFR进行表面处理不影响复合材料阻燃性能,但改善了阻燃PP的热稳定性和力学性能。     

三嗪类成炭剂的制备及其阻燃聚丙烯的研究

以三聚氯氰和4,4’-二氨基二苯醚（ODA）为原料制备了具有三嗪环与苯环交替结构主链的新型三嗪类成炭剂(CA-ODA),并将其与聚磷酸铵（APP）复配,用于阻燃聚丙烯（PP）。采用热失重分析方法和锥形量热仪研究了不同质量配比的APP/CA-ODA阻燃体系对PP热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,CA-ODA自身具有良好的热稳定性和成炭性能,三嗪环和苯环交替结构能够促进PP成炭,从而有效地提高了PP的阻燃性能。当APP/CA-ODA体系总添加量为25%,二者质量配比为2:1时,PP复合材料的热释放速率峰值由1046 kW?m-2降低至334 kW?m-2,并且残炭量高达41.5 %。     

Synthesis of in situ encapsulated intumescent flame retardant and the flame retardancy in polypropylene

In this article, a nitrogen–phosphorus composite flame retardant, melamine phosphate (MP), was synthesized in a solution of phosphoric acid/macromolecular charring agent, polyamide 6 (PA6). With the progress of the phosphoric acid–melamine reaction producing MP, the acidity of this system decreased and the originally dissolved PA6 resin precipitated on the surface of MP particles to obtain the MP in situ encapsulated by PA6. This encapsulated MP was incorporated with a small molecular charring agent, pentaerythritol (PER), composed of an intumescent system to flame retard polypropylene (PP). As a result of the isolation effects of PA6 resin, the esterfication reaction between MP and PER was effectively suppressed at the processing temperature of PP, thus remarkably improving the thermal stability of such an intumescent system while maintaining the mechanical performance of the flame retardant PP. Additionally, encapsulated MP/PER system showed better charring properties when compared with MP/PER and therefore possessed a higher efficiency in flame retarding PP. The corresponding charring mechanisms of the former, including either a macromolecular charring agent or small molecular one, were investigated. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:163–167, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The investigation of intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene using a new macromolecular charring agent polyamide 11

This article deals with a new macromolecular charring agent, polyamide 11 (PA11), which is in combination with a small charring agent, pentaerythritol (PER) and a flame retardant, ammonium polyethylene to flame‐retardant polypropylene (PP). When compared with polyamide 6 (PA6), an existing macromolecular charring agent extensively reported, PA11 has longer alkyl segment in its chain unit and shows better compatibility with PP; additionally, with a relatively lower melt point close to that of PP, PA11 can be more effectively compounded with PP in the melt state and better dispersed in PP matrix, thus enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Moreover, with certain synergistic effects between PA11 and PER, the system using PA11/PER as composite charring agents showed better charring performance in comparison with the system only using PER. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚丙烯材料无卤阻燃改性研究进展

综述了近年来聚丙烯（PP）材料无卤阻燃改性技术的研究进展,并分析了其阻燃机理。用于PP材料的无卤阻燃剂以镁?铝系阻燃剂,磷系阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂等为主。其中,无卤阻燃PP技术的研究中以成炭剂的开发及其复配方案最多,因此还对PP用成炭剂分子结构、应用方案等进行了详细介绍。     

苯氧基三嗪聚合物的合成及膨胀阻燃ABS的研究

合成了一种苯氧基三嗪聚合物,研究了合成反应的影响因素。利用FTIR、熔点测定仪、元素分析仪以及银定量法测定氯含量、磷钼酸喹啉重量法测定磷含量等方法对其结构进行了表征。将此苯氧基三嗪聚合物与聚磷酸铵和红磷复配为膨胀型阻燃剂,研究了此阻燃剂对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物的阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明,该苯氧基三嗪聚合物的合成产率比较理想,用其复配的膨胀型阻燃剂对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物表现出较好的阻燃性能及力学性能。     

新型成炭剂在聚合物膨胀阻燃中的应用和研究进展

传统膨胀型阻燃剂中炭源为小分子醇类化合物,导致阻燃剂具有易吸湿、易迁移、和聚合物基体不相容等缺点。为了改进这些缺点,各种新型成炭剂相继被研究开发出来。本文对一些新型成炭剂,如热塑性酚醛树脂、聚酰胺、热塑性聚氨酯以及一些大分子化合物的衍生物在化学膨胀阻燃聚合物中的应用和研究进行了综述。     

Synergistic effect of a novel charring agent with ammonium polyphosphate on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer

A novel charring agent poly(1,3‐propylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance. This novel charring agent combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was adopted as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to impart flame retardance and dripping resistance to acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (ABS). Flammability and thermal behaviors of the treated ABS were investigated by limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the IFR with the novel charring agent had both excellent flame retardant and anti‐dripping abilities for ABS. The thermogravimetric analysis curves indicated that there was a synergistic effect between PPTA and APP, which greatly promoted the char formation of IFR‐ABS composites. Meanwhile, the thermal degradation mechanism of PPTA and APP/PPTA was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry. The results demonstrated that APP changed the thermal degradation behavior of PPTA and reacted with PPTA to form a crosslinked structure. Additionally, the structure and morphology of char residues were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃聚丙烯复合材料相容性改进的研究进展

综述了改进膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯（PP）复合材料相容性的研究进展,相容性改进技术包括采用不同的成炭剂、微胶囊化、采用偶联剂、接枝改性、乳液共混以及合成和使用单组分膨胀型阻燃剂等。阻燃剂单体与PP接枝共聚、合成能与PP相容的含有膨胀型阻燃剂的炭源、酸源、气源的聚合物是相容性改进研究的发展方向。     

Synergistic effect of melamine polyphosphate with macromolecular charring agent novolac in wollastonite filled PA66

In this article, macromolecular charring agent linear novolac (NA) was served as a synergist with nitrogen‐phosphorous flame retardant melamine polyphosphate (MPP) for the flame‐resistance of wollastonite (WT) filled polyamide 66 (PA66). The investigations showed that MPP/NA system possessed obvious synergistic effects by increasing the charring rate and amount, therefore, showing much higher flame retardancy than the filled PA66 flame retarded with MPP alone. The corresponding char layer structure of MPP/WT/PA66 and MPP/NA/WT/PA66 was investigated and their difference was analyzed. In addition, as a multifunctional additive, NA could act as a compatibilizer and lubricant in the system, and endowed the material with improved mechanical performance and processability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010