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吴景芳 《甘肃水利水电技术》2014,(7)
九甸峡水利枢纽随着大坝主体工程的开展,结合坝基开挖,在施工阶段对河床深厚覆盖层进行大型平板载荷试验研究。平板载荷试验是在保持地基土的天然状态下,在一定面积的承压板上向地基土逐级施加荷载,并观测每级荷载下地基土的变形特征,依此计算地基土的变形模量并预估了坝基的沉降量。 相似文献
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珊溪水库工程混凝土面板堆石坝施工期沉降变形几个问题的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
珊溪混凝土面板堆石坝建在厚度达20余米的河床覆盖层上,根据坝址覆盖层的物理力学性质,采取挖除趾板后60m范围内的河床覆盖层处理方法。通过坝体仪器埋设观测和资料整理分析,大坝及坝基沉降变形观测值均在设计范围值之内,表明坝体施工全断面上升的填筑方法有利于控制坝体沉降及坝基覆盖层固结。 相似文献
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田湾河流域仁宗海水库电站挡水大坝为深厚覆盖层地基,覆盖层结构层次复杂,坝基第⑦层承载力低,不能满足坝基承载、变形及坝坡抗滑稳定要求。介绍了振冲碎石桩在仁宗海坝基第⑦层淤泥质壤土处理中的应用。复合地基检测和坝基稳定性复核计算结果表明,堆石坝坝基淤泥质壤土加固处理满足设计技术及现行规范要求。 相似文献
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下坂地水库位于帕米尔高原腹地,具有高海拔、高地震烈度以及古冰川与新冰川活动频繁等特点。河床覆盖层厚度达150m,其中在坝基下存在两层软弱地层砂层及软粘土层,其力学性质差。工程区地震设防烈度8.5度,对坝基砂层液化的可能性评判与处理,软粘土层在坝基下的分布范围和特性的勘察与处理措施等,都有很大的难度。对这些问题的勘察、分析研究对大坝工程的稳定性有着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
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对小浪底大坝坝基覆盖层地震液化可能性及其对大坝的影响进行研究。结果表明,河床覆盖层中表层堆积的粉细砂、壤土及砂砾石层顶部的一部分为第四纪全新统沉积物,密实度低,属于液化土;上更新统砂卵石层的含砂率一般小于30%,相对密度大于0.65,地震时不易产生液化,但也有局部含砂率大于30%,只是其分布范围小,不会对坝体造成危害;坝基类砂层为非液化土。 相似文献
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下坂地水库位于帕米尔高原腹地,具有高海拔、高地震烈度,以及古冰川及新冰川活动频繁等特点.河床覆盖层厚度达150m,其中在坝基下存在两层软弱地层砂层及软粘土层,其力学性质差.工程区地震设防烈度8.5度,对坝基砂层液化的可能性评判及处理,软粘土层在坝基下的分布范围和特性的勘察及处理措施等,都有很大的难度.对这些问题的勘察、分析研究对大坝工程的稳定性有着十分重要的作用. 相似文献
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由于河口村水库大坝坝基地址情况复杂,大坝坝基覆盖层厚,且岩性及地层结构特殊,主要岩性为漂卵石、并含有粘土夹层及砂层透镜体,部分岩土体虽然较密实,但均匀性较差,大坝填筑后可能存在不均匀变形等问题。为防止大坝面板及基础趾板、连接板、防渗墙变形过大,需对大坝基础进行加固处理,以确保水库建成后能够安全运行。文章探讨覆盖层基础通过深孔旁压试验,求取旁压剪切模量及地基承载力,为设计施工提供参考数据。 相似文献
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双江口心墙堆石坝最大坝高314m,坝址河床覆盖层深厚,坝基存在不均匀沉降变形、抗滑稳定、渗透稳定、砂层透镜体地震液化可能等问题。在勘测设计过程中采取多种方法进行勘探、试验,研究覆盖层工程特性,并通过多方案比较和对关键技术问题的分析研究,针对坝基的不同部位和覆盖层分布特点提出了挖除、保留利用或压重等综合处理措施。 相似文献
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对嘉兴地区主要给水厂近年来应用立体弹性填料、LT型悬浮球填料、YS型悬浮填料、卵石填料等的生物预处理工艺从填料及配套设施、工艺运行参数、运行效果、成本等方面进行了比较.认为弹性填料生物预处理更适用于低浊(50 NTU以下)、低氨氮(1.5 mg/L以下)原水,LT型悬浮球填料生物预处理适用于低中浊(100 NTU以下)、低中氨氮(2.5 mg/L以下)原水,YS型悬浮填料生物预处理及"SAF"滤池对低浊、中高氨氮(2.5 mg/L以上)原水有较好的适应性.最后探讨了弹性填料存在的短流、积泥,悬浮填料存在的部分填料流化不均匀,富氧的生物工艺单元内水生动物泛滥等问题. 相似文献
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Changes in nutrient levels in some Eastern European rivers in response to large-scale changes in agriculture. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
P St?lnacke S M Vandsemb A Vassiljev A Grimvall G Jolankai 《Water science and technology》2004,49(3):29-36
Since the late 1980s, the use of commercial fertilisers in most Eastern European countries has decreased at an unprecedented rate. We examined the impact of this dramatic reduction in agricultural inputs on concentrations of nutrients in four rivers in Eastern Europe: the Emajogi and Ohnejogi (Estonia), the Daugava (Latvia), and the Tisza (Hungary). Time series of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) concentrations and data on runoff were selected to represent catchments with substantial areas of agricultural land and available time series of sufficient length and frequency. The study period was 1987-1998. We detected downward trends in nitrate-N and phosphate-P in only two of the four rivers. Our results imply that the response to the extensive decrease in agricultural intensity since the late 1980s has been slow and limited in many rivers. Corresponding results in the literature are inconclusive and comprise several examples of both decreasing and non-decreasing nutrient concentrations. Our findings, along with similar data from other studies, indicate that large cuts in nutrient inputs do not necessarily induce an immediate response, particularly in medium-sized and large catchment areas. Moreover, the difference we noted between nitrogen and phosphorus suggests that factors other than reduced fertiliser application influenced the inertia of the water quality response. 相似文献
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对长江、珠江等河口及其近海水域缺氧现象与影响因素进行研究,结果表明,主要分布于长江与珠江河口及其邻近海域的缺氧现象,夏季(6—8月)达到最盛,秋冬季消失;长江口的缺氧区域主要位于30.75°N~32°N,122.5°E~123.25°E附近海域,具有南北2个缺氧中心;珠江口缺氧程度相对较轻,缺氧区域主要在广州黄埔区河段至虎门水域和伶仃洋;辽河、钱塘江、海河等河口区域也时而出现零星的缺氧现象;水体缺氧受控于多项环境要素,物理层化作用是缺氧产生的最初诱因之一,陆源污染物的分解则是重要的耗氧负荷;各河口区特征各异,潮汐、洋流、营养盐、叶绿素a等要素对缺氧区的范围、程度和持续时间影响程度不一。 相似文献
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深圳河支流新洲河属雨源型河流,因污染而采取全线截排污水整治.在上游河道内利用生物飘带技术处理低浓度污水,处理达标后,作为河流生态水源.在中游将截排污水引入自然循环方式污水处理系统,处理达标后作为河道补水.下游利用射流清淤配合利用天文大潮进行水体交换,达到消除黑臭水体,维持河道水景观的目的.介绍新洲河水环境综合整治采用的几项关键技术的设计原理及应用效果. 相似文献
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李广杰 《水科学与工程技术》2001,(5):7-8
洋河水库是我省重点病险库之一,1998年12月实施除险加固工程。工程建设过程中在科研、设计、施工及管理等方面取得了可喜的成果。通过研究分析,因地制宜地选择了天然建筑材料,合理确定了施工方案,有效保证了施工质量,节约了工程投资。 相似文献
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Ecological river engineering can be defined as the design and implementation of river works and river restoration works for the benefit of human society. It also guarantees the sustainable ecological functions of a river, such as its habitats and self-purification of its water. It is currently in the beginning stages in Korea, utilizing scientific knowledge on the processes of aquatic ecosystem degeneration and a methodology for solving the ecological problems in artificially altered rivers currently under development. The changes in river management and work practices in Korea may be best explained with a chronologically progressing sequence of ‘Natural’, ‘Disaster-prevention’, ‘Occupied’, ‘Park’, and ‘Close-to-nature’ rivers. Since the 1960s, the focus on river management and work has shifted from flood control only, to both flood control and riverine habitat conservation and restoration. Five research topics have been selected for this article, and the progress of each research area is briefly described with a representative picture in each topic. They are as follows: (1) flow resistance due to vegetation, (2) environmental flow, (3) floodplain vegetation modeling, (4) small dam removal, and (5) river restoration. For the future prospects of research on ecological river engineering in Korea, a necessity of further research on floodplain vegetation recruitment and succession, which can explain the so-called ‘white river’ and ‘green river’, is underlined, among others. Finally, two ongoing large research programs on river ecosystem restoration, of which are sponsored by the Government of Korea, are briefly introduced, followed by the introduction of a near-prototype experiment facility recently completed mainly for research on ecological river engineering. 相似文献