水玻璃包覆炭黑直接制备超细SiC粉体

以水玻璃和炭黑为原料,采用喷雾干燥技术制备水玻璃包覆炭黑前驱粉体,经碳热还原反应合成SiC。由于前驱体中原料间混合均匀,有效地提高了反应动力学,使其在1550℃下2h后就能实现完全反应,制得超细β-SiC。对于反应所得的产物,用x射线衍射、电子显微镜、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)分析等进行了表征。研究表明:该前驱体在1550℃反应5h后,得到的产物中O的质量分数为1.68%,Na残留量为61×10-6,平均晶粒尺寸为60nm,BET比表面积为10.5m2/g。碳热还原反应过程中,反应温度和时间对该体系都有重要的影响,升高温度有利于提高反应速率;延长反应时间则有利于增加体系的转化率。但是,温度过高会导致产率下降、晶粒粗化;过度延长反应时间也会导致晶粒生长。高温、短时间才有利于得到高质量的SiC产物粉体。     

碳热还原法制备球形SiC微粉

以硅溶胶为硅源,蔗糖为碳源,采用低温碳热还原法合成了SiC微粉.低温处理过程为室温到800℃,升温速率为6℃/min.在低温处理过程中蔗糖-硅溶胶混合前驱体转化为球形碳颗粒和SiO2的混合物.800℃以上的升温速率为15℃/min.低温处理后的反应前驱体在1700℃下反应1h全部转化为β-SiC,产物的颗粒尺寸在1μm左右,为近似球形的颗粒.升高反应温度有利于提高反应速率,缩短反应时间.延长反应时间能增加转化率.     

绒球状氢氧化镍的合成及光催化性能

利用水热合成法合成了氢氧化镍粉体,采用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析了Ni(OH)2粉体的形貌及结构。并以氢氧化镍作为前驱体,加热分解制备氧化镍粉体,以亚甲基蓝为研究对象,紫外灯为光源,研究了氧化镍的光催化活性。结果表明:反应温度为120℃时,制备出来Ni(OH)2粉体为β型Ni(OH)2,形貌为花状微球结构,当Ni2+浓度为0.8 mol/L,尿素2 mol/L,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为12 h,Ni O对染料的降解率最高,可达89.5%。     

木质素-SiO2凝胶前驱体合成纳米SiC的研究

以造纸黑液和硅酸钠为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制成木质素-SiO2凝胶,以此作为SiC的前驱体,再经炭化处理和高温碳热还原反应而制备出SiC纳米粉体.该粉体呈球形,粒径70～200nm,且大小均匀.红外光谱分析表明,1100℃时就有SiC生成,1300℃时反应速度快且比较完全.提高碳热还原反应温度有利于前驱体向SiC的转变.     

小体积化学镀镍工艺

以尺寸不规则的Y1Cr18Ni9不锈钢片为基底,研究了在约2 mL镀液的条件下,化学镀镍工艺中主盐与还原剂浓度之比、pH、反应时间及反应温度对镀层沉积速率的影响.结果表明:当c(Ni2+):c(H2PO2-)=0.75:1,pH为6,温度为77℃,反应2 h的条件下,镀层沉积速率快,含镍量高于72%,且颗粒分布均匀、密实.     

碳热还原杂化前驱体合成SiC–TaC纳米复合粉体

以五氯化钽(TaCl5)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和葡萄糖(C6H12O6H2O)为原料制备了葡萄糖复合凝胶,凝胶经过450℃煅烧得到C–SiO2–Ta2O5杂化前驱体,通过碳热还原前驱体,于1200～1500℃合成了SiC–TaC纳米复合粉体,并用X射线衍射扫描电镜和能谱仪对产物进行表征。结果表明:凝胶中无定型的SiO2和Ta2O5可通过Si—O—Ta键合,均匀分布的Si—O—Ta—C长链使得杂化前驱体内部结合成为牢固的互穿网络结构;TaC于1200℃时得到,而SiC可在1400℃开始合成,反应可在1500℃完成。在不同的钽硅摩尔比下,SiC–TaC纳米复合粉体具有差异性形貌。当钽硅比约为0.02时,SiC与TaC纳米晶粒颗粒分布均匀,同质化明显。随着钽硅比的升高,SiC有从球状转变为纳米线状的趋势。     

柠檬酸凝胶法制备Mn-Ni-Fe基负温度系数热敏陶瓷

采用柠檬酸凝胶法制备锰-镍-铁基前驱体,在300℃煅烧干燥的前驱体得到纳米粒度粉末,压制成圆片坯体后在1100～1300℃烧结得到负温度系数(negative temperature coefficient,NTC)热敏陶瓷样品。研究了粉体和烧结样品的相结构、微观形貌、电性能和热敏特性。结果表明:合成粉体的纳米颗粒为单相Mn1/3Ni2/3Fe2O4尖晶石,粉体具有高化学均匀性。烧结的Mn1/3Ni2/3Fe2O4陶瓷样品具有均匀的微观结构,陶瓷样品的烧结密度和材料敏感指数β随着烧结温度的增加而增加。测量温度为50～150℃范围时,1300℃烧结的Mn1/3Ni2/3Fe2O4样品,其β可高达4300K。     

碳热还原杂化前驱体合成SiC-TaC纳米复合粉体

以五氯化钽(TaCl5)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和葡萄糖(C6H12O6 H2O)为原料制备了葡萄糖复合凝胶,凝胶经过450℃煅烧得到C-SiO2-Ta2O5杂化前驱体,通过碳热还原前驱体,于1200～1500℃合成了SiC-TaC纳米复合粉体,并用X射线衍射扫描电镜和能谱仪对产物进行表征。结果表明:凝胶中无定型的SiO2和Ta2O5可通过Si—O—Ta键合,均匀分布的Si—O—Ta—C长链使得杂化前驱体内部结合成为牢固的互穿网络结构;TaC于1200℃时得到,而SiC可在1400℃开始合成,反应可在1500℃完成。在不同的钽硅摩尔比下,SiC-TaC纳米复合粉体具有差异性形貌。当钽硅比约为0.02时,SiC与TaC纳米晶粒颗粒分布均匀,同质化明显。随着钽硅比的升高,SiC有从球状转变为纳米线状的趋势。     

Ni包裹SiC对SiC(Ni)/Fe复合材料性能的影响

分别以SiC粉体和Ni包裹的SiC复合粉体为硬质相,采用热压工艺(1000°C,20°C/min,40 MPa和45 min)制备了SiC含量为1 wt%~9 wt%的SiC/Fe复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了复合材料的界面反应物。研究结果表明:Ni过渡层的存在有效避免了SiC颗粒与Fe基体之间的化学反应。随着Ni包裹SiC粉体含量的增加,复合材料的相对密度和抗弯强度先增加后减小,当SiC(Ni)粉体含量为5 wt%时达到最大值。     

镍镁铝复合金属氧化物催化剂制备生物柴油

采用共沉淀法先制备镍镁铝类水滑石化合物,以其为前驱体经400℃煅烧后制得镍镁铝复合金属氧化物催化剂。研究了过渡金属含量、n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)和反应温度对生物柴油转化率的影响。当n(Ni 2+)∶n(Mg2+)∶n(Al 3+)=0.64∶2.36∶1时,转化率最高,可达到92.8%。而n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)=10∶1,w(催化剂)=4%,反应温度为65℃,反应时间4h是所得的最佳操作条件。研究出的镍镁铝复合金属氧化物可作为多相催化剂,具有生产生物柴油的潜力。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。