Control chart pattern recognition using RBF neural network with new training algorithm and practical features

The control chart patterns are the most commonly used statistical process control (SPC) tools to monitor process changes. When a control chart produces an out-of-control signal, this means that the process has been changed. In this study, a new method based on optimized radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is proposed for control chart patterns (CCPs) recognition. The proposed method consists of four main modules: feature extraction, feature selection, classification and learning algorithm. In the feature extraction module, shape and statistical features are used. Recently, various shape and statistical features have been presented for the CCPs recognition. In the feature selection module, the association rules (AR) method has been employed to select the best set of the shape and statistical features. In the classifier section, RBFNN is used and finally, in RBFNN, learning algorithm has a high impact on the network performance. Therefore, a new learning algorithm based on the bees algorithm has been used in the learning module. Most studies have considered only six patterns: Normal, Cyclic, Increasing Trend, Decreasing Trend, Upward Shift and Downward Shift. Since three patterns namely Normal, Stratification, and Systematic are very similar to each other and distinguishing them is very difficult, in most studies Stratification and Systematic have not been considered. Regarding to the continuous monitoring and control over the production process and the exact type detection of the problem encountered during the production process, eight patterns have been investigated in this study. The proposed method is tested on a dataset containing 1600 samples (200 samples from each pattern) and the results showed that the proposed method has a very good performance.     

Application of the PSO–SVM model for recognition of control chart patterns

Control chart patterns are important statistical process control tools for determining whether a process is run in its intended mode or in the presence of unnatural patterns. Accurate recognition of control chart patterns is essential for efficient system monitoring to maintain high-quality products. This paper introduces a novel hybrid intelligent system that includes three main modules: a feature extraction module, a classifier module, and an optimization module. In the feature extraction module, a proper set combining the shape features and statistical features is proposed as the efficient characteristic of the patterns. In the classifier module, a multi-class support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier is proposed. For the optimization module, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to improve the generalization performance of the recognizer. In this module, it the SVM classifier design is optimized by searching for the best value of the parameters that tune its discriminant function (kernel parameter selection) and upstream by looking for the best subset of features that feed the classifier. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has very high recognition accuracy. This high efficiency is achieved with only little features, which have been selected using particle swarm optimizer.     

基于双链遗传算法的复杂特征识别方法研究

子图匹配问题是典型的非多项式算法问题,但又是基于图的特征识别方法的基础,导致目前提出的基于图的特征识别方法很难实现交叉特征识别、包含凸边的特征识别等问题。针对特征识别的需求,提出了一种双链遗传算法。该算法采用双链结构描述特征识别问题的染色体,一条链描述面信息,另一条描述特征对于面的分割。同时根据双链的特点,定义了双链染色体的交叉、变异、选择、半表留复制等运算。实验证明双链遗传算法具有解决特征识别的可行性,且结果较其他特征识别方法识别特征范围更广和可以合并被分割的特征、识别包含凸边的特征等优点。     

基于人工蜂群支持向量机的电动汽车制动意图识别方法

在电动汽车再生制动系统中,根据驾驶员不同的制动意图制定对应的再生制动控制策略可以有效地提高汽车的制动安全性、舒适性和经济性,而准确并快速识别驾驶员制动意图是制定控制策略的基础。以准确并快速识别驾驶员的制动意图为主要目标,以搭载线控制动系统的电动汽车为研究对象,设计并实现了一种基于人工蜂群支持向量机（ABC-SVM）的驾驶员制动意图在线识别方法。首先对制动数据进行预处理,用近邻成分分析（NCA）特征选择算法选取有效特征,再用ABC-SVM算法建立制动意图识别模型,最后进行在线识别。离线验证和在线试验结果表明,NCA算法能有效筛选掉信号噪声导致的不相关特征;相比于模糊推理、反向传播（BP）算法、粒子群优化支持向量机（PSO-SVM）和遗传算法支持向量机（GA-SVM）识别算法,ABC-SVM算法能够更加准确、快速地识别驾驶员的制动意图。     

A roller bearing fault diagnosis method based on the improved ITD and RRVPMCD

Targeting that the measured vibration signal of roller bearing contains the characteristics of non-stationary and nonlinear, and the extraction features may contain smaller correlation and redundancy characteristics in the roller bearing fault diagnosis, the vibration signal processing method based upon improved ITD (intrinsic time-scale decomposition) and feature selection method based on Wrapper mode are put forward. In addition, in the design of the classifier, targeting the limitation of existing pattern recognition method, a new pattern recognition method-variable predictive model based class discriminate (VPMCD) is introduced into roller bearing fault identification. However, the parameters are fitted by using least squares in VPMCD method, while least squares regression is sensitive to “abnormal value”. Therefore, a robust regression-variable predictive mode-based class discriminate (RRVPMCD) method is proposed in this paper, robust regression is adopted to estimate parameters and the effect of “abnormal value” in the estimation of parameters would be reduced by giving each feature a weight. Firstly, improved ITD method and feature selection method based on Wrapper mode are combined to extract the fault features of roller bearing vibration signals, and feature vector matrixes are established, then a predictive model is built through the method of RRVPMCD, finally, the established predictive model is used for pattern recognition. Experimental results show that the model based on the improved ITD, the Wrapper feature selection and RRVPMCD method can effectively identify work status and fault type of roller bearing.     

基于ICEEMDAN-GRNN神经网络的往复泵故障诊断方法研究

往复泵作为石油石化行业重要的输送设备,通过振动监测手段来保证系统的安全稳定运行具有重要的现实意义。如何对往复泵的非平稳和非线性信号提取特征并进行准确识别是诊断中的关键问题。针对往复泵故障特征的提取,提出了一种利用ICEEMDAN-GRNN神经网络相结合的诊断方法。首先利用ICEEMDAN对采集的原始信号进行分解得到若干个IMF分量,然后计算IMF分量的奇异谱熵并构造特征向量,再将特征向量输入到GRNN神经网络进行训练和模式识别。研究表明:该方法可以有效提取往复泵的故障特征并进行准确的模式识别。     

机器人导航的自主选择搜索策略蜂群规划算法

为了减少机器人导航路径长度和路径规划时间,提出了基于自主选择搜索策略蜂群算法的规划方法.分析了人工蜂群算法原理,依据蜜蜂从自身认知、种群认知和其他个体认知等多种环境认知方式,对应给出了多种蜜源搜索方式;通过建立不同蜜源搜索方式的即时价值和后效价值模型,计算了蜜蜂选择不同蜜源搜索方式的概率,从而给出了蜜蜂对蜜源搜索方式的...     

人脸特征选择中的SVM泛化误差估计

根据统计学习理论,特征选择可以通过有效的特征搜索策略最小化某个预测泛化误差及其它相关性能来实现。本文研究通过递归特征排除法（Recursive Feature Elimination,RFE）最小化SVM VC留一法(Leave-One-Out, LOO)误差或支持向量span误差估计选择优化特征子集问题,并将最小化VC LOO误差或支持向量span误差估计作为Wrapper特征选择模型的选择判据。人脸识别实质是稀疏超高维空间、典型的小样本模式识别问题。解决这类问题的关键在于如何获得对分类有意义的特征。将特征选择与分类器设计结合,理论上优于传统的特征提取或特征选择方法。为此,本论文将WT和KPCA作为过滤模型（Filter）,最小化SVM泛化误差估计作为封装模型（Wrapper）,结合这两种模型的优势提出人脸特征选择及识别的新框架。并在UMIST人脸数据库上进行了相应的实验,结果显示提出的特征选择方法和特征搜索策略及人脸特征选择构架有效可行。     

基于分布计算的心电特征波检测算法研究

体外反搏装置依据心电信号对下肢进行加压及释放,需要识别率高、实时性强的心电特征波检测方法。 借鉴传统医学 信号处理方法,本文提出一种基于改进差分阈值和分布计算的心电特征信号检测算法,采用低通滤波和移动平均滤波等预处理 方法对心电信号进行平滑预处理,借助自适应差分双阈值法和分布计算法,识别和确定 R 波、P 波及 T 波的位置。 基于 MITBIH 数据库及心电采样模块进行仿真分析和实验验证。 结果表明:该算法对心电信号 R 波的综合识别准确率为 99. 9% ,识别 P 波和 T 波准确率为 99. 87% ,算法平均耗时仅为 0. 65 s,可识别常见类型心电信号特征波,能很好地满足体外反搏等装置快速识 别心电特征波的需求。     

基于蚁群算法的铣削力信号特征选择方法

为有效地进行刀具状态模式识别,以端面铣刀为研究对象,采用蚁群算法对铣削力信号进行研究分析,提出一种可用于刀具状态识别的特征选择方法。该方法将特征选择过程转化成蚁群算法中蚂蚁寻找最优路径的过程,给出了转移概率公式,并运用Fisher标准判别率作为启发信息,同时将每次搜索得出的最优特征子集输入BP神经网络进行模式识别,得到的正确率整合进信息素更新策略。另外,改进了蚁群算法参数选择方法。实验结果表明,该方法可以高效地进行特征优化选择,进而使模式识别正确率较未经特征选择时得到显著提高。     

炭素制品缺陷X射线自动检测关键技术的研究

以炭素制品X射线检测图像为对象,对其关键技术进行了研究。设计了目标边界提取算法和基于小波变换的图像增强算法等预处理方法。采用数学形态学和迭代阈值分割相结合的方法进行缺陷提取,取得了良好的效果。制定了一套用于特征描述的参数,设计了基于遗传算法的特征选择策略,实现了对缺陷原始特征量的优化选择。利用BP神经网络分类器及选择的特征值对缺陷进行了模式分类。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法比较有效,可以用于实际缺陷的自动提取与识别。     

A data driven approach for condition monitoring of wind turbine blade using vibration signals through best-first tree algorithm and functional trees algorithm: A comparative study

Wind energy is one of the important renewable energy resources available in nature. It is one of the major resources for production of energy because of its dependability due to the development of the technology and relatively low cost. Wind energy is converted into electrical energy using rotating blades. Due to environmental conditions and large structure, the blades are subjected to various vibration forces that may cause damage to the blades. This leads to a liability in energy production and turbine shutdown. The downtime can be reduced when the blades are diagnosed continuously using structural health condition monitoring. These are considered as a pattern recognition problem which consists of three phases namely, feature extraction, feature selection, and feature classification. In this study, statistical features were extracted from vibration signals, feature selection was carried out using a J48 decision tree algorithm and feature classification was performed using best-first tree algorithm and functional trees algorithm. The better algorithm is suggested for fault diagnosis of wind turbine blade.     

基于流行-IMF奇异值熵的转子故障特征提取方法

针对转子振动信号的非平稳性以及微弱故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于集合经验模式分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)的奇异值熵和流形学习算法相结合的故障特征提取方法。首先,对原始振动信号进行EEMD分解,得到若干本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)分量,根据峭度 欧式距离评价指标选取故障信息丰富的敏感分量,组成初始特征向量,求其奇异值熵;其次,利用近邻概率距离拉普拉斯特征映射算法（nearby probability distance Laplacian eigenmap,简称NPDLE）对奇异值熵组成的特征矩阵进行降维处理;最后,将得到的低维特征子集输入到K-近邻(K-nearest neighbor,简称KNN)中进行模式辨识。用一个双跨度转子实验台数据集和Iris仿真数据集对所提方法进行了验证,结果表明,IMF奇异值熵和NPDLE相结合的方法可以有效地实现转子故障特征提取,提高了故障辨识的准确性。     

基于灵敏度分析的支持矢量机特征选择

特征选择可以去除冗余特征提高机械故障诊断精度和诊断效率。对于支持矢量机(SVM)作为故障决策器, 提出基于特征灵敏度分析的特征选择方法。此方法通过分析候选特征子集对SVM输出的影响大小,以此作为特征选择标准,并采用遗传算法搜索最佳特征子集。数值仿真和柴油机故障特征选择试验结果显示此方法有较好的寻优特征子集的能力,能够提高故障诊断的精度和效率。     

Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on kernel neighborhood rough sets and statistical features

Intelligent fault diagnosis benefits from efficient feature selection. Neighborhood rough sets are effective in feature selection. However, determining the neighborhood value accurately remains a challenge. The wrapper feature selection algorithm is designed by combining the kernel method and neighborhood rough sets to self-adaptively select sensitive features. The combination effectively solves the shortcomings in selecting the neighborhood value in the previous application process. The statistical features of time and frequency domains are used to describe the characteristic of the rolling bearing to make the intelligent fault diagnosis approach work. Three classification algorithms, namely, classification and regression tree (CART), commercial version 4.5 (C4.5), and radial basis function support vector machines (RBFSVM), are used to test UCI datasets and 10 fault datasets of rolling bearing. The results indicate that the diagnostic approach presented could effectively select the sensitive fault features and simultaneously identify the type and degree of the fault.     

FAULT DETECTION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS,AUGMENTED BY GENETIC ALGORITHMS

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used to detect faults in rotating machinery for a number of years, using statistical methods to preprocess the vibration signals as input features. ANNs have been shown to be highly successful in this type of application; in comparison, support vector machines (SVMs) are a more recent development, and little use has been made of them in the condition monitoring arena. The availability of a limited amount of training data creates certain problems for the use of SVMs, and a strategy is advanced to improve the generalisation performance in cases where only limited training data is available. This paper examines the performance of both types of classifiers in two-class fault/no-fault recognition examples and the attempts to improve the overall generalisation performance of both techniques through the use of genetic algorithm based feature selection process.     

基于切削声信号与优化SVM的刀具磨损状态监测

提出了一种利用切削声实现刀具磨损状态多特征监测的方法。根据经验模态分解与Hilbert变换理论,提取切削声信号的内禀模态能量与不同频段的Hilbert谱能量作为监测信号的备选特征。采用支持向量机作为分类器,针对备选特征的有效筛选问题,利用多种群遗传算法对分类器的输入特征进行了优化,剔除备选特征中的干扰特征,利用多种群遗传算法对分类器的模型参数进行了优化。利用优化后的分类器对测试样本进行分类,并与优化前的分类结果进行了对比。结果表明,优化后分类器的分类性能得到了明显提升,该方法可以对刀具磨损状态进行有效识别。     

NEW FEATURE SELECTION METHOD IN MACHINE FAULT DIAGNOSIS

Aiming to deficiency of the filter and wrapper feature selection methods, a new method based on composite method of filter and wrapper method is proposed. First the method filters original features to form a feature subset which can meet classification correctness rate, then applies wrapper feature selection method select optimal feature subset. A successful technique for solving optimization problems is given by genetic algorithm (GA). GA is applied to the problem of optimal feature selection. The composite method saves computing time several times of the wrapper method with holding the classification accuracy in data simulation and experiment on bearing fault feature selection. So this method possesses excellent optimization property, can save more selection time, and has the characteristics of high accuracy and high efficiency.     

柴油机振动信号快速稀疏分解与二维特征编码

针对柴油机故障诊断方法中的信号时频表征及特征提取问题,提出一种基于振动信号快速稀疏分解与二维时频特征编码识别的柴油机智能故障诊断方法。首先,为了获得时、频聚集性优良的时频图像,提出一种随分解残差信号自适应更新Gabor字典的改进匹配追踪(adaptive matching pursuit,简称AMP)算法,利用AMP算法将柴油机振动信号分解后叠加各原子分量的Wigner-Ville分布,获取原信号的稀疏分解时频图像;然后,为提取时频图像的特征参量,提出了双向二维非负矩阵分解(two-directional,2-dimensional non-negative matrix factorization,简称TD2DNMF)算法,用于对时频图像的幅值矩阵进行特征编码,获取蕴含在时频图像内部的低维特征,并利用最近邻分类器实现了时频图像的自动分类识别。将提出的方法应用于4种不同状态柴油机气门故障的诊断试验中,结果表明,该方法能够获得无交叉项干扰、聚集性好的时频图像,使各时频分量的物理意义更加明确,并改进了传统图像模式识别中的特征参数提取方法,是一种有效的柴油机故障诊断方法。