汽车用6005A-T6铝合金动态性能研究

通过对6005A-T6铝合金进行准静态拉伸试验和动态拉伸试验,研究了应变速率对6005A-T6铝合金准静态和动态力学性能及断裂行为的影响。6005A-T6铝合金的强度随着应变速率提高而增大,应变速率200/s拉伸的抗拉强度、屈服强度分别较准静态拉伸提升30MPa、25MPa,其中以准静态到应变速率10/s的过程中,材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度上升最为明显;6005A-T6铝合金塑性随着应变速率的增大而逐渐增大,当应变速率达到200/s时塑性反而下降。在高速拉伸变形状态下,位错密度的增加和滑移带的增多是导致高速状态下强度及延伸率提高的主要原因;当应变速率达到200/s时由于拉伸速率过快,晶粒来不及进行大量变形是断后延伸率反而降低的主要原因。     

触变挤压铜合金力学性能研究

采用触变挤压工艺成形ZCuSn10P1铜合金轴套零件,通过单向拉伸实验和硬度实验研究了触变挤压铜合金的抗拉强度、延伸率、布氏硬度和显微硬度,利用扫描电镜观测了断口形貌并分析了断裂方式,分析了成形比压对触变挤压铜合金力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,抗拉强度随成形比压增加而先增加后降低。延伸率随成形比压增加而不断减小。成形比压与抗拉强度和延伸率的函数关系分别为抛物线和幂指数。触变挤压铜合金拉伸断裂方式为沿晶断裂和韧性断裂的混合型断裂。布氏硬度随成形比压增加而先增加后降低。相同工艺条件时,液相显微硬度值最高,固液界面次之,固相最低。固相、固液界面和液相的显微硬度均随成形比压增加而先增加后降低。触变挤压铜合金综合力学性能要高于常规铸造,较佳工艺参数为成形比压250 MPa、挤压速率15 mm/s,其抗拉强度、延伸率和布氏硬度分别为387 MPa、2.8%、128 HBW。     

ON THE TENSILE MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF Si-Mn TRIP STEELS AT HIGH STRAIN RATE

二．互ntYO*llCtloliAs kn OWOWn,the beh yyiors of the strength and ductility of material under dynamic con－dltlon are obviously differs尬from those under static condition．几ensure the reft劝ility ofstructure under dynamic or impact loading It Is necessar     

6014铝合金板材温拉伸本构方程

采用DDL50高温电子万能试验机,在变形温度为298~573 K、应变速率为0.0001~0.01 s-1时,针对6014铝合金薄板进行温拉伸实验研究,基于FieldsBackofen本构方程进行修正,建立了6014铝合金的温拉伸本构模型以描述6014铝合金温拉伸时的流变行为。结果表明:相同应变速率下,随着温度升高,6014铝合金的流变应力降低,伸长率先增加后下降,并且当温度为473 K时,伸长率达到最大值。通过断口扫描电镜照片分析了6014铝合金在473和573 K时断裂过程的差异,温度为473 K时,断口韧窝大且深,表现为典型的韧性断裂,而温度为573 K时,韧窝小且浅,表现为脆性断裂,从微观角度解释了不同温度下伸长率的差异。     

长期时效对GH4169合金动态拉伸变形行为的影响

研究了长期时效对GH4169合金的显微组织和动态拉伸性能及变形行为的影响规律及机制.结果表明,应变速率为10¹—10² s^-1时,合金强度受时效时间影响显著,断裂延伸率随时效时间的延长呈降低趋势,在时效500 h后基本保持不变;高应变速率(10³ s^-1)条件下,长期时效对合金强度无明显影响,而断裂延伸率受时效时间的影响显著,长期时效造成的合金塑性劣化现象提前发生.高应变速率变形过程中,位错运动受阻来不及释放,在时效0—1000 h范围内,合金未出现强化相峰值尺寸效应,强度受时效时间的影响并不明显.长期时效后GH4169合金晶界δ相附近无析出带的产生,导致动态载荷下晶界塑性变形的协调能力降低,应变速率为10³ s^-1时,合金塑性在短时间时效后迅速下降.     

Tensile and Compressive Properties of Mg-3Al-2Zn-2Y Alloy at Different Strain Rates

The tensile and compressive properties of Mg-3Al-2Zn-2Y alloy at room temperature at strain rates in the range of 0.001-1400 s^?1 and 0.001-4800 s^?1, respectively, were investigated. The ultimate strength in tension tests has positive effect to strain rate, while that in compression tests has positive effect at strain rates in the range of 0.001-1800 s^?1 and negative effect when the strain rate increases to 4800 s^?1. The strain rate sensitivity of ultimate strength is different for tension and compression. To both tension and compression, the density of dislocation increases with increasing of strain rate and parallel dislocations come being at high strain rate. A large number of twins appear when the strain rate increases to certain degree. The fracture characteristics change from quasi-cleavage to ductile fracture as tensile strain rate increases, while the compression strain rate has little influence on the fracture characteristics.     

2A12硬铝合金热拉伸流变行为及本构建模

在变形温度350~500℃、应变速率0.01~1 s~(-1)条件下,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机对2A12硬铝合金板进行热拉伸实验。结果表明:峰值应力随温度升高而减小,随应变速率提高而增大;随着应变速率减小,断裂总伸长率升高,而均匀伸长率降低;应变速率较低时,其断裂总伸长率在350~450℃时较高,升高到500℃时迅速降低,均匀伸长率则对温度变化不敏感;应变速率较高时,试样断裂总伸长率对温度变化不敏感,均匀伸长率随温度升高而降低。根据实验结果,采用Z参数建立的流变应力本构模型,能较好地描述2A12铝合金板材热拉伸变形下的流变行为。     

环境湿度及氢气压力对U-2.5%Nb合金拉伸性能的影响

研究了U-2.5%Nb合金(质量分数,下同)在相对湿度分别为3.5%、50%、100%、水浸、热水和水蒸气环境,氢气压力分别在0.4,1.0,2.0MPa条件下的拉伸性能及断口形貌。结果表明:拉伸速率在3×10-5/s时,随环境湿度及氢气压力的增加,U-2.5%Nb合金的抗拉强度降低,规定非比例延伸强度增加,塑性急剧下降。同样在水浸环境,3×10-5/s与1×10-4/s的拉伸速率相比,U-2.5%Nb合金断后伸长率下降约84%,断面收缩率下降约79%。拉伸速率在3×10-5/s时,合金在2.0与0.4MPa的氢气压力相比,断后伸长率下降约20%,断面收缩率下降约13%。在相对湿度3.5%的环境下,U-2.5%Nb合金试样断口边缘呈韧窝状,有一定的韧性特征。在水浸环境下,试样断口边缘韧窝明显减少,有一定的脆断特征。在水蒸气环境中,试样断口边缘有明显的解理脆断特征。在氢气环境中,试样断口的脆断特征随氢气压力的增加而增强。     

高速冲击拉伸条件下低硅TRIP钢的延伸率特性

对低硅HSLA -TRIP钢在室温条件下 5 0 0s-1～ 1 70 0S-1应变率范围内的动态拉伸性能进行了研究。实验结果表明 ,随应变率增大 ,钢的均匀延伸率 (eu)下降、总延伸率(et)和能量吸收值增加 ,但强度 (σb)保持不变或略有提高 ,能量吸收的增幅随应变率增大而变缓。分析认为 :残余奥氏体在颈缩发生前的较完全转变有利于提高均匀延伸率 ;高应变率下能量吸收值的提高可能由两个原因造成 :一是大应变下的奥氏体相变推迟断裂的发生 ;二是动态拉伸中的绝热温升有利于总延伸率的提高。     

2195铝锂合金板材高速拉伸力学特性和变形机理研究

为探究新淬火态2195铝锂合金高应变速率拉伸的力学性能和变形机理,采用分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置进行高应变速率拉伸实验,应变速率范围为1000 s-1~4500 s-1,并通过EBSD技术分析不同应变速率拉伸下合金的织构类型和微观组织演变规律。结果表明：随应变速率的增大,合金的强度和延伸率同步上升。当应变速率达到4200 s-1时,抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到398 MPa和63%,相比较于准静态拉伸,延伸率显著提高。由EBSD结果分析可知,随应变速率的增大,小角度晶界占比上升、KAM均值增大,Goss织构和S织构强度和体积分数上升。同时发现高应变速率拉伸下不仅软取向晶粒的塑性变形更加充分,而且可以启动更多的硬取向晶粒协调变形,进而揭示了高应变速率拉伸下的变形机理。     

Flow behavior and fracture of Al−Mg−Si alloy at cryogenic temperatures

The tensile and fracture behaviors of AA6061 alloy were investigated in order to provide quantitative data about this alloy at cryogenic temperatures. Specimens of AA6061 alloy were solution heat treated before tensile tests at 298, 173 and 77 K and tested at strain rates in the range from 0.1 to 0.0001 s^?1. The results indicate the suppression of the Portevin?Le Chatelier (PLC) effect and dynamic strain aging (DSA) at 77 K. In contrast, at 298 K, a remarkable serrated flow, characteristic of the PLC effect, is observed. Furthermore, the tensile behavior at 77 K, compared with that observed at 173 and 298 K, shows a simultaneous increase in strength, uniform elongation, modulus of toughness, strain-hardening exponent and strain rate sensitivity, which is related to a decrease in the dynamic recovery rate at low temperature. These responses are reflected on the fracture morphology, since the dimple size decreases at 77 K, while the area covered by dimples increases. Comparisons of the Johnson?Cook model show that a good agreement can be obtained for tests at 173 and 77 K, in which DSA is suppressed.     

90W-7Ni-3Fe合金拉伸力学行为的应变率效应

采用CMT4105拉伸试验机对烧结态90W-7Ni-3Fe(90W)合金进行准静态拉伸试验;在较高应变率条件(1600~2000s-1)下,采用套筒加载直拉式Hopkinson拉杆对90W合金进行动态拉伸试验,研究90W合金在不同加载应变率下的拉伸性能及破坏机制。结果表明,在拉伸加载条件下,90W合金具有明显的应变率效应,随着应变率的增加,强度显著提高,材料断裂时的真实应变下降,断裂前吸收的总能量下降。90W合金的破坏机制由钨-钨界面开裂向钨颗粒解理断裂转变。     

Forming limit diagram of auto-body steel sheets for high-speed sheet metal forming

This paper is concerned with the uniaxial tensile properties and formability of steel sheets in relation to the strain rate effect. The elongation at fracture for CQ increases at a high strain rate while the elongation at fracture for DP590 decreases slightly in relation to the corresponding value for a quasi-static strain rate. The uniform elongation and the strain hardening coefficient decrease gradually when the strain rate increases. The r-value of CQ and DP590 was measured with a high-speed camera in relation to the strain rate. The r-value is slightly sensitive to the strain rate. Static forming limit curves (FLCs) and high-speed FLCs were constructed with the aid of punch-stretch tests with arc-shaped and square-shaped specimens. In addition, a high-speed crash testing machine with a specially designed high-speed forming jig was used for the high-speed punch-stretch tests. Compared with the static FLC, the high-speed FLC of CQ is higher in a simple tension region and lower in a biaxial stretch forming region. The high-speed FLC for DP590 decreases in relation to the static FLC throughout the entire region. The elongation at fracture appears to be closely related to the simple tension region of the FLC. The shear fracture is observed from SEM images of specimens tested in the biaxial stretch forming region under the high-speed forming condition. The dimples indicating the shear fracture have elongated horseshoe shape. The high-speed FLC is lower than the static FLC in the biaxial stretch forming region because the shear fracture induces the decrease of ductility. The results confirm that the strain rate has a noticeably influence on the formability of steel sheets. Thus, the forming limit diagram of high-speed tests should be considered in the design of high-speed sheet metal forming processes.     

X70管线钢电化学充氢后的力学行为研究

应用拉伸试验和慢拉伸试验，研究X70管线钢电化学充氢后材料拉伸性能的变化．结果表明：电化学充氢对X70管线钢的强度没有显著的影响，主要降低了材料的塑性，从而降低了材料的断裂延性和断裂强度．在静态电化学充氢条件下，材料的塑性随充氢时间的增加，依次降低．在慢拉伸条件下，动态电化学充氢显著降低材料的塑性．断口分析表明：静态电化学充氢后的断口以韧窝为主要特征，但韧窝直径变小；慢拉伸的动态电化学充氢断口出现准解理断裂．     

温度及搅拌摩擦加工对AZ31镁合金力学性能的影响

在不同温度下对AZ31镁合金挤压型材实施了搅拌摩擦加工实验,利用光学显微镜和试样拉伸设备,研究了温度及搅拌摩擦加工对试样加工硬化率及力学性能的影响。研究表明:随着温度升高,母材和搅拌区材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度均减小,母材强度减小的较多;搅拌区材料的总伸长率和均匀伸长率均高于母材,温度达到100℃时,均达到最大值,分别为35%和33.5%;搅拌区材料室温及100℃的加工硬化率在较高应变量时仍能保持一定水平,而母材所有温度下的加工硬化率均随应变增大而大幅下降;母材的拉伸应变由非基面滑移和压缩孪晶主导,而搅拌区材料拉伸应变则转为由基面滑移和拉伸孪晶主导。     

时效工艺对25Cr-20Ni-2.5Al高强耐热钢拉伸和高温压缩性能的影响

通过在25Cr-20Ni耐热钢基体成分中加入质量分数为2.5%Al的方式制备25Cr-20Ni-2.5Al耐热钢,分别采用拉伸和高温压缩试验对其力学性能进行表征分析,研究结果表明:经过36 h时效处理的试样抗拉强度得到明显提升,此时抗拉强度和伸长率分别为803 MPa和27.1%。经过36 h时效处理会减小拉伸断口的韧性,生成部分脆性断裂的痕迹。随时效温度的增加,耐热钢的抗拉强度先增大后减小,伸长率先减小后增大,转折点均出现在时效温度650 ℃,此时抗拉强度和伸长率分别为451 MPa和10.26%。当变形程度增大后,晶粒将达到更大的变形程度,而耐热钢经过热压缩处理后并不会引起晶粒尺寸的明显改变;晶界部位存在析出相,而且当变形量增大后析出相的数量也会略微增加。     

TC11钛合金应变率相关的拉伸行为

为了获取TC11钛合金拉伸性能随应变率的变化规律,对该材料开展了宽应变率范围下的单轴拉伸试验。结果表明,随着应变率从准静态增加到动态,TC11钛合金的屈服强度略有上升,而应变硬化模量下降。此外,在准静态和动态拉伸下,TC11钛合金均发生了剪切断裂,但动态断裂面上韧窝尺寸小于准静态断面上韧窝尺寸。进一步对材料在变形过程中的温升进行了分析,结果发现,高应变率下材料断裂面上更小尺寸的韧窝和材料更容易发生应变软化归因于动态加载情况下材料中产生了更高的温升。     

The effect of nitrogen on the cold forging properties of 1020 steel

We have studied the effect of nitrogen on the cold forging properties of a low carbon steel as a function of temperature. Five AISI 1020 steels with nitrogen contents from 12 to 180 ppm were examined by tensile testing from 25 to 371 °C. Yield strength, tensile elongation (ductility), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), strain hardening exponents and strength coefficients were determined. The influence of nitrogen on the mechanical property behavior of this low carbon steel exhibits trends as expected—when nitrogen content increases, the strength of the steel increases and the ductility decreases. Likewise, as the temperature increases, the strength of the steel generally decreases; however, the ductility initially decreases, then exhibits an increasing trend. Additionally, there is an intermediate temperature range for these alloys where anomalous behavior is observed. Serrated stress–strain curves seen in this temperature range are indicative of dynamic strain aging. It is probable that this anomalous mechanical property trend is due to dynamic strain aging.     

应变速率对低C高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢组织演变和力学行为的影响

研究了Fe-18Mn低C高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢在应变速率范围为1.67×10^-4-10³s^-1的室温拉伸实验过程中力学性能和组织的变化.在准静态拉伸应变速率范围内(1.67×10^-4-1.67×10^-1s^-1),应变速率对高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢的抗拉强度产生逆效应,随着应变速率的加快,抗拉强度和延伸率都降低;而在动态拉伸应变速率范围内(10¹-10³s^-1),应变速率对高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢的延伸率产生逆效应,抗拉强度和延伸率都随着应变速率的加快而增加;在应变速率为10³s^-1时,高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢抗拉强度可达到957 MPa,延伸率达到55.8%,具有较好的综合力学性能;随着应变速率的提高,马氏体转变量减少,孪生变形向多个方向发展.采用SEM,TEM和XRD等方法对变形前后的组织进行了分析,在所有应变速率范围内的拉伸变形过程中都产生了奥氏体向马氏体转变和形变孪晶,并且在应变速率为10³s^-1的高速拉伸过程中产生绝热温升效应,使得基体软化.     

锻压态AZ61镁合金的变形行为

对模压态AZ61镁合金在室温～150℃条件下的的力学性能及变形机制进行研究.结果表明:在拉伸速度1 mm/min,随着拉伸温度的升高,拉伸后的显微组织中晶界逐渐软化,动态再结晶有减少趋势,并伴随有孪晶出现,抗拉强度及屈服强度显著下降,而其伸长率在低温拉伸中的变化幅度有限;同时在90 ～ 130℃发生了动态应变时效;对拉伸断口的观察分析表明,随着温度的逐渐升高(≤150℃),其断裂机制由韧脆混合断裂逐渐变为韧性断裂.