增塑、模压法制备鸡毛生物塑料

高温预处理、粉碎的鸡毛粉末经4种不同增塑剂增塑后,采用模压法制备柔韧的生物塑料。采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪表征了生物塑料的表面形态与结晶结构,研究了其干态、湿态的拉伸力学性能与耐水稳定性。结果表明:在乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇和三乙醇胺4种增塑剂中,乙二醇增塑后制得的角蛋白生物塑料具有最佳的柔韧性和透明度;最佳模压条件为热压温度164℃,热压压力74MPa,热压时间8min;采用最佳模压条件制得的生物塑料断裂强度可达到7.58MPa,断裂伸长率可达到42.37%。     

硬脂酸改性小麦醇溶蛋白膜的制备与性能研究

以硬脂酸为改性剂、甘油为增塑剂,分别采用溶液浇铸法、高温模压法制备了小麦醇溶蛋白膜,考察了硬脂酸改性对醇溶蛋白膜力学性能、动态力学性能及吸水与透湿性能的影响.结果表明,模压膜的性能明显优于浇铸膜.随硬脂酸含量增大,模压膜弹性模量增大,吸水率略有降低,而透湿率明显降低.模压膜呈现相分离结构,硬脂酸改性可降低蛋白质富集相的非均质程度,并使甘油富集相的玻璃化转变温度向高温移动.     

废旧线路板粉料/玻璃纤维增强复合材料研制

以废旧线路板回收处理过程中得到的塑料粉料与玻璃纤维作为增强材料,采用模压成型的方法制备成不饱和聚酯复合材料。研究了模压工艺参数以及废弃物粉末填料配比等对复合材料力学性能的影响规律,并初步展望了废弃物复合材料的应用。结果表明,随着模压温度、压强、模压时间和填料含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度先升高后降低;在优化的模压工艺参数条件下,用废弃粉体与短切玻璃纤维作为组合增强体,制得的不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能远大于仅用废弃粉体作为增强体的力学性能,其弯曲强度和冲击强度可达150MPa、18kJ/m2。     

头发角蛋白质子导电材料的制备和理化特性表征

将头发氧化后用模压法制备了氧化角蛋白膜,考察了氧化角蛋白膜的电导率及其影响因素,并对其进行了表征。考察了角蛋白膜的微观结构、氧化前后头发角蛋白的官能团变化以及氧化时间、模压压强、颗粒粒径对电导率的影响。实验结果表明,角蛋白膜的电导率达3.6×10-3S/cm,且随氧化时间延长,电导率先上升后下降,随模压压强的增大,电导...     

热压羽毛角蛋白膜的制备及性能表征

将羽毛粉氧化水解后提取的羽毛角蛋白粉添加增塑剂甘油热压制备了羽毛角蛋白膜。利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对羽毛粉、羽毛角蛋白粉和羽毛角蛋白膜的化学结构和结晶度进行了表征,并考察了甘油含量对羽毛角蛋白膜性能的影响。结果表明:羽毛粉经过氧化水解和热压后的结晶度都下降。羽毛角蛋白膜的抗拉强度随甘油含量的增大而降低,断裂伸长率、透光率和吸湿性能随着甘油含量的增大而增大。     

羽毛角蛋白/羧甲基纤维素钠共混复合膜的制备及性能

以羽毛角蛋白(FK)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为原料,甘油为增塑剂,采用浇铸法制备了FK/CMC复合膜,并对不同CMC和甘油含量的复合膜的共混结构、透光性、力学性能和透湿性进行了系统研究。红外测试表明FK与CMC之间发生了美拉德(Maillard)反应;力学性能测试表明CMC和甘油的含量影响了力学性能的各个参数,CMC的加入增强了薄膜的拉伸强度,而甘油的添加可以有效地改善薄膜的韧性;透湿性的结果显示,复合膜的水蒸气透过量数值范围为932.37~2298.51 g/(m2·24h),其大小随着CMC和甘油含量的增加而增大;SEM结果表明FK/CMC复合膜具有平整的表面和致密的内部结构。     

淀粉/纤维可降解缓冲包装材料的制备及其性能研究

采用模压成型法制备了一种新型的可生物降解的缓冲包装材料,并通过正交试验研究了原材料配比对材料表观密度的影响,获得了主要的影响因素和各组分的最优配比。试验结果表明,马铃薯淀粉与纤维的质量比为5∶1,PVC含量为45g,增塑剂甘油含量为50g,AC发泡剂含量为0.70g时,淀粉/纤维缓冲包装材料的表观密度最大。最后对材料的缓冲性能和泡孔结构进行了研究,并就其缓冲性能与传统的塑料缓冲包装材料进行了比较。     

甘油对壳聚糖-淀粉复合可食性膜力学性能的影响

目的以壳聚糖-淀粉复合膜为研究对象,加入不同质量分数的甘油作为增塑剂,研究甘油对复合膜性能产生的影响。方法将壳聚糖溶液和玉米淀粉溶液以6∶4的体积比混合,再添加一定量甘油,流延成膜,利用万能试验机测定膜的力学性能,用扫描电镜观察膜的形貌特征,并对膜进行红外扫描和X-衍射分析。结果甘油与淀粉壳聚糖具有良好的相容性,当甘油质量分数为35%～55%时,随着甘油含量的增加,膜的抗拉强度下降,断裂伸长率增加,抗拉强度最高可达33.57 MPa,断裂伸长率最高可达80.39%。结论甘油作为一种增塑剂,能够改善膜的力学性能,为可食性膜的广泛应用提供了可能性。     

增塑剂对羊毛基生物塑料结构性能的影响

废弃羊毛纤维经热水预处理、粉碎后与增塑剂混合、热压可制备透明的生物塑料。文中优化了增塑剂的种类及用量,采用拉伸性能测试仪、扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、热分析仪研究了增塑剂对羊毛基生物塑料拉伸性能、形貌、结晶结构、热学性能的影响。结果表明,在乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油3种增塑剂中,乙二醇增塑的羊毛基生物塑料具有最小弹性模量、最大的断裂伸长率(即柔韧性好)、最好的透明度,乙二醇增塑效果最好。当乙二醇用量为羊毛粉末干燥质量的40%时,羊毛基生物塑料具有较好的力学性能。羊毛基生物塑料的结晶指数高于羊毛粉末,低于羊毛原样。     

四种多元醇增塑剂对淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜的性能研究

目的探究多元醇作为增速剂对淀粉-壳聚糖薄膜材料性能的影响,评估4种多元醇的增塑效果,并选出最优。方法将4种不同的多元醇作为增塑剂,通过流延法制备壳聚糖-淀粉薄膜,分析增塑剂含量对材料力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜、傅里叶红外、X-射线衍射、静态接触角对复合膜的结构和性能进行表征。结果将单一多元醇作为增塑剂加入淀粉-壳聚糖溶液,当添加质量分数为15%的甘露醇时,拉伸强度为最大值,为53.39 MPa;当添加质量分数为60%的甘油时,断裂伸长率最大,为45.11%。当甘油质量分数为50%时,综合效果较好,拉伸强度为21.36 MPa,断裂伸长率为35.33%。结论复合膜中淀粉与壳聚糖具有良好的相容性,添加增塑剂有利于改善复合膜的力学性能。多元醇增塑剂处于低浓度或中等浓度范围时,不具有有效的增塑作用。在4种多元醇增塑剂中,甘油的综合效果最好,所制备的膜具有较优的综合性能。     

羊毛溶液和角蛋白膜的实用制备技术与基本问题

综述了国内外羊毛角朊蛋白膜的制备和性能优化技术,从羊毛自身结构讨论了其溶解的可能性.概述了角蛋白溶液及其膜的制备与优化方法的研究与进展,指出羊毛溶解再利用的关键是无毒、无污染、高制取率、高纯度、高分子量角朊液的制备及成膜工艺,包括增塑剂、增韧剂、成孔剂的选择和优化解决方法.     

Development of crayfish protein-PCL biocomposite material processed by injection moulding

A combination of crayfish flour (CF, with 60% protein) and Polycaprolactone (PCL) was successfully used to prepare biocomposites by a process that consists of two stages: mixing with glycerol (GL) as plasticizer and injection moulding of CF/GL/PCL blends. Mixing rheometry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were found to be useful to select suitable injection moulding conditions. A remarkable enhancement in mechanical properties was found for PCL containing systems, even when crystalline structure remains unaltered. PCL yields a dominant contribution to the elastic response and confer a higher ability to absorb energy before rupture, but also the protein/plasticiser ratio must be considered.     

Fabrication and characterization of chemically crosslinked keratin films

A film was prepared by casting the reduced keratin solution after mixing with chemical crosslinkers such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE). Although the keratin without an addition of a plasticizer gave rise to a fragile film, the keratin treated with those crosslinkers gave a tenacious and flexible film similarly to the mixing with chitosan, which we previously reported [Biomaterials 23 (2002) 817]. Chemically crosslinked keratin films stretched longer than keratin–chitosan composite film and showed much improved waterproof characteristics, that is, no swelling was observed under acidic and neutral aqueous conditions and they swelled to a lesser extent under basic condition, although keratin–chitosan composite film significantly swelled in acidic and neutral solution. Chemically crosslinked keratin film as well as keratin–chitosan composite film maintained their mechanical properties upon re-drying after swelling.When mouse fibroblast cells are cultured on crosslinked keratin-coated surface, the attachment of cells is a little delayed compared with the cells on keratin, keratin–chitosan composite and chitosan films. However, the cells once attached to the crosslinked keratin surface well proliferated, suggesting the biocompatibility of chemically crosslinked keratin film.     

Pullulan–nanofibrillated cellulose composite films with improved thermal and mechanical properties

Novel bionanocomposite films with improved thermal and mechanical properties, were prepared by casting water-based suspensions of pullulan and nanofibrillated cellulose. The effect of the addition of glycerol, as a plasticizer, on the properties of the materials was also evaluated. The ensuing materials were characterized in terms of morphology, thermal stability, crystalline structure and mechanical properties. All bionanocomposites were very homogeneous, translucent and showed considerable improvements in thermal stability (increments of up to 20 °C in the degradation temperature) and mechanical properties (increments of up to 5500% and 8000% in the Young’s modulus and tensile strength, respectively, for films plasticized with glycerol) when compared to the unfilled pullulan films. Additionally, these novel bionanocomposite could be labeled as sustainable materials since they were prepared entirely from renewable resources and through a green approach.     

鸡毛角蛋白海绵垫的制备及对丙酮的吸附性能

利用还原C法提取鸡毛中可溶性角蛋白后产生的残渣,通过简单的物理方法处理后制得致密多孔的角蛋白海绵材料.针对增塑剂对角蛋白海绵结构的影响进行了实验研究,结果发现,甘油质量分数4%时,其机械性能最佳,拉伸强度为5.04 MPa,断裂伸长率为8.60%,完整性和柔韧性最好.利用红外光谱仪对组成残渣的分子基团等进行了表征,以有机挥发性气体丙酮作为实验对象,考察孔隙率和吸附温度等因素对鸡毛角蛋白海绵垫吸附性能的影响.实验结果显示:当角蛋白海绵垫的孔隙率为82.59%、环境温度为25℃时,对丙酮挥发性气体24 h的吸附量为205.4 mg/g;吸附1个月后达到饱和状态,饱和吸附量达374.8 mg/g.充分利用废弃鸡毛这一资源,对于去除环境中气体污染物具有一定的应用潜力.     

Preparation, processing and characterization of biodegradable wood flour/starch-cellulose acetate compounds

A novel biodegradable material was prepared by compounding, in different proportions, pine wood flour (WF) and a commercial starch-cellulose acetate blend on a configurable co-rotating twin screw extruder. After pelletizing, the compounds were injection moulded and the mechanical and rheological properties of the mouldings determined. As the content of wood flour increases up to 50% (wt/wt), the tensile strength and the modulus improve significantly, whereas the toughness drops gradually. The effect of the wood flour content on the shear viscosity is complex, being impossible to establish a linear relationship between the two. The shear viscosity decreases with shear rate, but for a level of 40% and 50% of WF there is evidence of a quasi-Newtonian behaviour, irrespective of the test temperature. Compounds with 50% WF present the highest tensile strength and modulus but are difficult to process. However, the processability can be improved by using glycerol as plasticizer, without paying a too severe penalty in mechanical properties. In fact, by adding 15% glycerol (wt/wt), compounds with 50% WF can be successfully injection moulded into specimens with good mechanical properties.     

废纸浆增强玉米淀粉基复合材料的制备及其力学性能研究

以甘油和尿素作为混合塑化剂、废纸浆为增强体,玉米淀粉、聚乙烯醇为基体,利用熔融共混法制备了废纸浆增强玉米淀粉复合材料。研究了混合增塑剂、废纸浆、水含量、氢氧化钠浓度对复合材料力学性能的影响。力学性能测试结果表明,甘油和尿素混合塑化剂对复合材料有反增塑作用,当甘油/尿素含量分别为10/20份时,拉伸强度最佳为10.26MPa;氢氧化钠浓度为4%时,复合材料综合力学性能最好;废纸浆对复合材料有增强作用,当含量为35份时,拉伸强度最佳为11.35MPa;随着含水率的增加,材料的拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率先增加后降低;扫描电镜观察发现,甘油和尿素混合塑化剂能够增塑淀粉,很好的改善废纸浆和玉米淀粉之间的相容性。     

明胶材料的力学性能及断口特征

研究了明胶、戊二醛（交联剂）和甘油（增塑剂）浓度对明胶材料力学性能的影响,并对明胶材料的拉钟断口进行了观察,研究表明,明胶材料的力学性能可在较大的范围内调整;随甘油浓度（即材料塑性）的变化,明胶材料的拉伸断口亦发生显著的变化。     

Manufacturing process of reproduction plate by nonmetallic materials reclaimed from pulverized printed circuit boards

The aim of this study was to present a new method for resource utilization of nonmetallic materials reclaimed from pulverized waste printed circuit boards. A reproduction nonmetallic plate (RNMP) was prepared by adding resin paste, glass fiber and additives into nonmetallic materials using self-made hot-press former. Principle of manufacturing process and effects of mould temperature and moulding time on the mechanical properties of RNMP were studied. The results showed that when moulding pressure was fixed at 6 MPa, the optimum conditions for the RNMP were as follows: 140/135 degrees C for top/bottom mould temperature, 5 min for moulding time. The maximum content of nonmetallic materials in RNMP was up to 40 wt%. When nonmetallic material content was 20 wt%, the RNMP moulded at optimum conditions had excellent mechanical properties, with impact strength of 5.8 kJ/m(2) and flexural strength of 65.1 MPa.